Anatomia das plântulas de <i>Mimosa pilulifera</i> (Leguminosae) crescendo em solo contaminado com petróleo e solo biorremediado

Inckot, Renata Charvet; Bona, Cleusa; Souza, Luiz Antonio de; Santos, Gedir de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859308

RESUMO

A demanda de petróleo e derivados provoca acidentes que contaminam extensas áreas. A maioria dos trabalhos sobre os efeitos dessa contaminação refere-se à germinação e desenvolvimento vegetal, pouco se sabendo sobre os efeitos na estrutura de tecidos e células. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do solo contaminado por petróleo e solo biorremediado na anatomia de plântulas de Mimosa pilulifera (Leguminosae). O experimento foi realizado com solo da REPAR/PETROBRÁS, Araucária-PR, onde ocorreu um vazamento de petróleo em 2000. O experimento constou de três tratamentos: solo contaminado com petróleo, solo biorremediado e solo não contaminado, com cinco repetições. Após 30 dias da semeadura, foram analisados anatomicamente a raiz, hipocótilo, cotilédone e eofilo e realizados testes microquímicos com sudan III, lugol e cloreto férrico. Mensuraram-se: diâmetro do cilindro vascular e espessura do córtex da raiz, diâmetro do hipocótilo e espessura dos cotilédones e eofilos. A estrutura celular radicial de M. pilulifera sofreu maior interferência no solo contaminado que no biorremediado. Na parte aérea, a única alteração foi a redução da espessura do eofilo em solo contaminado.

Palavras-chave:
raiz; hipocótilo; cotilédone; eofilo; hidrocarbonetos

ABSTRACT

The demand of oil and its derivatives have provoked accidents, contaminating areas of the planet. The majority of are relative to the effect in seed germination and plant development. Little is known on the effect of the hydrocarbons in the structure of the tissues and plant cells. This work intends to analyse the effect of the ground contaminated by oil and the bioremediated ground on the anatomy of seedlings of Mimosa pilulifera. The experiment was carried through with ground proceeding of the REPAR/PETROBRÁS, Araucária-PR, where a leak of oil occurred in 2000. The experiment consisted of three treatments: petroleum contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non contaminated soil, with five repetitions. Thirty days after sowing, 10 seedlings were collected per treatment. The root, the hipocotyl, the cotyledon and the eophyll were analysed anatomically and were submitted to histochemical tests with Sudan III, lugol and ferric chloride. The diameter of the vascular cylinder and the thickness of the cortex of the root, the diameter of the hipocotyl and the thickness of the cotyledons and eophylls were measured. The cellular structure of the root of M. pilulifera suffered greater interference in the contaminated soil that the biorremediated. In shoots, the only change was the reduction in the thickness of eophyll in contaminated soil.

Key words:
root; hipocotyl; cotyledon; eophyll; hydrocarbons

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AGRADECIMENTOS

Agradecemos à EMBRAPA pela doação das sementes, à PETROBRÁS pelo financiamento e fornecimento do solo e ao Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica da UFPR pelo uso dos laboratórios e equipamentos.

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Achuba, F. I. 2006. The effect of sublethal concentrations of crude oil on the growth and metabolism of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings. The Environmentalist 26: 17-20.
Adam, G. & Duncan, H. J. 1999. Effect of diesel fuel on growth of selected plant species. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 21: 353-357.
Alkio, M.; Tabuchi, T. M.; Wang, X. & Colón-Carmona, A. 2005. Stress responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Arabidopsis include growth inhibition and hypersensitive response-like symptoms. Journal of Experimental Botany 56(421): 2983-2994.
Baker, J. M. 1970. The effects of oils on plants. Environmental Pollution 1(1): 27-44.
Bossert, J. & Bartha, R. 1985. Plant growth in soils with a history of oily sludge disposal. Soil Science 140(1): 75-77.
Cabrera, A. L. & Zardini, E. M. 1978. Manual de la Flora de los Alrededores de Buenos Aires. ACME, Buenos Aires, 755p.
Carvalho, F. J. P. C.; Castro, R. A. C.; Abdanur, A.; Krenczynki, M. C.; Teixeira, S. C. & Coneglian, D. 2003. Relatório sobre o monitoramento do solo contaminado. Repar/SMS.
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Collin, P. H. 2001. Dictionary of ecology and the environment. London: Peter Collin Publishing. 560p.
Cowell, E. B. 1969. The effects of oil pollution on salt-marsh communities in pembrokeshire and cornwall. Journal of Applied Ecology 6(2): 133-142.
Cutter, E. 1986. Anatomia vegetal: Parte I - Células e tecidos. 2 ed. Roca, São Paulo, 304p.
De Jong, E. 1980. The effect of a crude oil spill on cereals. Environmental Pollution 22: 187-196.
Dorn, P. B. & Salanitro, J. P. 2000. Temporal ecological assessment of oil contamined soils before and after bioremediation. Chemosphere 40: 419-426.
Dorn, P. B.; Vipond, T. E.; Salanitro, J. P. & Wisniewski, H. L. 1998. Assessment of the acute toxicity of crude oils in soils using earthworms, microtox and plants. Chemosphere 35: 845-860.
Esau, K. 1977. Anatomy of seed plants. 2 ed. John Willey and Sons, New York, 550p.
Fowler, J. A. P. & Carpanezzi, A. A. 1998. Tratamento para superação da dormência de Mimosa pilulifera Bentham. Comunicado Técnico 30: 1-3.
Johansen, D. A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 450p.
Kraus, E. J. & Arduin, M. 1997. Manual básico de métodos em morfologia vegetal. Edur, Rio de Janeiro, 198p.
Larcher, W. 2000. Ecofisiologia vegetal. RiMa, São Carlos, 335p.
Lin, Q. & Mendelssohn, I. A. 1996. A comparative investigation of the effects of South Louisiana crude oil on the vegetation of fresh, brackish, and salt marshes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32(2): 202-209.
Ma, Z.; Bielenberg, D. G.; Brown, K. M. & Lynch, J. P. 2001. Regulation of root hair density by phosphorus availability in Arabidopsis thaliana Plant, Cell and Environmentalist 24: 459-467.
Malallah, G.; Afzal, M.; Kurian, M.; Gulshan, S. & Dhami, M. S. I. 1998. Impact of oil pollution on some desert plants. Environment International 24(8): 919-924.
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McDowell, E. M. & Trump, B. 1976. Histological fixatives for diagnostic light and electron microscopy. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 100: 405-414.
Merkl, N.; Schultze-Kraft, R. & Infante, C. 2004. Phytoremediation in tropics- the effect of crude oil on the growth on tropical plants. Biorremediation Journal 8(3-4): 177-184.
Morley, C. P.; Mainwaring, K. A.; Doerr, S. H.; Douglas, P.; Llewellyn, C. T. & Deker, L. W. 2005. Organic Compounds at different dephts in a sand soil and their role in water repellency. Australian Journal of Soil Research 43(3): 239-249.
O'Brien, T.P.; Feder, N. & McCully, M.E. 1964. Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O. Protoplasma 59 (2): 368-373.
Pandey, A.; Soccol, C. R. & Mitchell, D. 2000. New development in solid state fermentation: I. bioprocesses and products. Process biochemistry, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy 35(10): 1153-1169.
Petrobrás. 2003. Caracterização físico-químico preliminar do óleo derramado da REPAR em julho de 2000. Relatório Técnico, Petrobrás, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
Pezeshki, S. R.; Hester, M. W.; Lin, Q. & Nyman, J. A. 2000. The effects of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf coast marsh macrophytes: a review. Environmental Pollution 108 (2): 129-139.
Ranwell, D. S. 1968. Extent of demange to coastal habitats due to the torrey canyon incident', in: the biological effects of oil pollution in litoral communities. Field Studies Council. Pp. 39-47.
Sass, J. E. 1951. Botanical microtechnique. 2 ed. Iowa State College Press, Iowa, 228p.
Webb, J. W. 1994. Effects of oil on saltmarshes. In: Assessing. Effects, natural recovery, and progress in remediation reserach. Symp. Proc. Gulf of México and Caribbean oil spill in Coastal Ecosystems. Pp. 55-61.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jul-Sep 2008

Histórico

Recebido
Out 2007
Aceito
Jul 2008

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

[1] Achuba, F. I. 2006. The effect of sublethal concentrations of crude oil on the growth and metabolism of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings. The Environmentalist 26: 17-20.

[2] Adam, G. & Duncan, H. J. 1999. Effect of diesel fuel on growth of selected plant species. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 21: 353-357.

[3] Alkio, M.; Tabuchi, T. M.; Wang, X. & Colón-Carmona, A. 2005. Stress responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Arabidopsis include growth inhibition and hypersensitive response-like symptoms. Journal of Experimental Botany 56(421): 2983-2994.

[4] Baker, J. M. 1970. The effects of oils on plants. Environmental Pollution 1(1): 27-44.

[5] Bossert, J. & Bartha, R. 1985. Plant growth in soils with a history of oily sludge disposal. Soil Science 140(1): 75-77.

[6] Cabrera, A. L. & Zardini, E. M. 1978. Manual de la Flora de los Alrededores de Buenos Aires. ACME, Buenos Aires, 755p.

[7] Carvalho, F. J. P. C.; Castro, R. A. C.; Abdanur, A.; Krenczynki, M. C.; Teixeira, S. C. & Coneglian, D. 2003. Relatório sobre o monitoramento do solo contaminado. Repar/SMS.

[8] Clark Jr., R. C. & Brown, D. N. 1977. Petroleum properties and analyses in biotic and abiotic systems. In: Malis, D. C. Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subartic environments in organisms. 1 Nature and fate of petroleum. Academic Press, New York, 89p.

[9] Collin, P. H. 2001. Dictionary of ecology and the environment. London: Peter Collin Publishing. 560p.

[10] Cowell, E. B. 1969. The effects of oil pollution on salt-marsh communities in pembrokeshire and cornwall. Journal of Applied Ecology 6(2): 133-142.

[11] Cutter, E. 1986. Anatomia vegetal: Parte I - Células e tecidos. 2 ed. Roca, São Paulo, 304p.

[12] De Jong, E. 1980. The effect of a crude oil spill on cereals. Environmental Pollution 22: 187-196.

[13] Dorn, P. B. & Salanitro, J. P. 2000. Temporal ecological assessment of oil contamined soils before and after bioremediation. Chemosphere 40: 419-426.

[14] Dorn, P. B.; Vipond, T. E.; Salanitro, J. P. & Wisniewski, H. L. 1998. Assessment of the acute toxicity of crude oils in soils using earthworms, microtox and plants. Chemosphere 35: 845-860.

[15] Esau, K. 1977. Anatomy of seed plants. 2 ed. John Willey and Sons, New York, 550p.

[16] Fowler, J. A. P. & Carpanezzi, A. A. 1998. Tratamento para superação da dormência de Mimosa pilulifera Bentham. Comunicado Técnico 30: 1-3.

[17] Johansen, D. A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 450p.

[18] Kraus, E. J. & Arduin, M. 1997. Manual básico de métodos em morfologia vegetal. Edur, Rio de Janeiro, 198p.

[19] Larcher, W. 2000. Ecofisiologia vegetal. RiMa, São Carlos, 335p.

[20] Lin, Q. & Mendelssohn, I. A. 1996. A comparative investigation of the effects of South Louisiana crude oil on the vegetation of fresh, brackish, and salt marshes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32(2): 202-209.

[21] Ma, Z.; Bielenberg, D. G.; Brown, K. M. & Lynch, J. P. 2001. Regulation of root hair density by phosphorus availability in Arabidopsis thaliana Plant, Cell and Environmentalist 24: 459-467.

[22] Malallah, G.; Afzal, M.; Kurian, M.; Gulshan, S. & Dhami, M. S. I. 1998. Impact of oil pollution on some desert plants. Environment International 24(8): 919-924.

[23] Maranho, L. T.; Galvão, F.; Preussler, K. H.; Muñiz, G. & Kuniyoshi, Y. S. 2006. Efeitos da poluição por petróleo na estrutura da folha de Podocarpus lambertii KLotzsch ex Endll., Podocarpaceae. Acta Botanica Brasilica 20(3): 615-624.

[24] Martinez, V. E. & López, M. F. 2001. Efecto de hidrocarborus em lãs propriedades físicas y químicas de suelo argiloso. Terra 19(1): 9-16.

[25] Mayer, J. L. S.; Bona, C.; Santos, G. O. & Koehler, H. S. 2005. Impacto do solo contaminado com petróleo no crescimento e desenvolvimento de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. (Myrtaceae). In: IV Simpósio Nacional e Congresso Latino-americano de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas, Curitiba, Brasil. Pp. 299-305.

[26] McDowell, E. M. & Trump, B. 1976. Histological fixatives for diagnostic light and electron microscopy. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 100: 405-414.

[27] Merkl, N.; Schultze-Kraft, R. & Infante, C. 2004. Phytoremediation in tropics- the effect of crude oil on the growth on tropical plants. Biorremediation Journal 8(3-4): 177-184.

[28] Morley, C. P.; Mainwaring, K. A.; Doerr, S. H.; Douglas, P.; Llewellyn, C. T. & Deker, L. W. 2005. Organic Compounds at different dephts in a sand soil and their role in water repellency. Australian Journal of Soil Research 43(3): 239-249.

[29] O'Brien, T.P.; Feder, N. & McCully, M.E. 1964. Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O. Protoplasma 59 (2): 368-373.

[30] Pandey, A.; Soccol, C. R. & Mitchell, D. 2000. New development in solid state fermentation: I. bioprocesses and products. Process biochemistry, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy 35(10): 1153-1169.

[31] Petrobrás. 2003. Caracterização físico-químico preliminar do óleo derramado da REPAR em julho de 2000. Relatório Técnico, Petrobrás, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.

[32] Pezeshki, S. R.; Hester, M. W.; Lin, Q. & Nyman, J. A. 2000. The effects of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf coast marsh macrophytes: a review. Environmental Pollution 108 (2): 129-139.

[33] Ranwell, D. S. 1968. Extent of demange to coastal habitats due to the torrey canyon incident', in: the biological effects of oil pollution in litoral communities. Field Studies Council. Pp. 39-47.

[34] Sass, J. E. 1951. Botanical microtechnique. 2 ed. Iowa State College Press, Iowa, 228p.

[35] Webb, J. W. 1994. Effects of oil on saltmarshes. In: Assessing. Effects, natural recovery, and progress in remediation reserach. Symp. Proc. Gulf of México and Caribbean oil spill in Coastal Ecosystems. Pp. 55-61.

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