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Annona longipedicellata, a new species of Annonaceae from the Brazilian Amazon region

Abstract

A new species of Annonaceae, Annona longipedicellata, from the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. It differs from A. hypoglauca and A. scandens, its closest two species, by much longer pedicels, densely covered red-brown hairs on leaves and flowers and additionally from A. hypoglauca by its habit as liana.

Key words:
Annona longipedicellata sp. nov.; Amazonia

Resumo

Uma nova espécie, Annona longipedicellata, da Amazônia Brasileira, está descrita e ilustrada. Ela se distingue de A. hypoglauca e A. scandens, suas espécies mais próximas, por ter pedicelos bem mais longos e uma pubescência ferrugínea densa nas folhas e flores. Alem disso, difere de A. hypoglauca por ser liana.

Palavras-chave:
Annona longipedicellata sp. nov.; Amazônia

The new Annona species was collected during an official trip to the Campo Petrolífero of Petrobras in Urucu, Coari, Amazonas state, at about 4º53’31”S, 65º20’57”W. It occurred as a liana in pristine terra firme lowland forest and was recognized as an undescribed taxon.

Annona longipedicellata A.C. Webber & G. Gottsberger, sp. nov. Type: A. Webber, A. Knob, J. Cruz, R. Bilby, S. Silvs, L. Chaves, M.A. Costa et V. Kavassaki, 1390. Campo Petrolífero de Urucu - RUC - 29 - Fora da parcela - Coari - Amazonas - Brasil. Terra firme, mata, solo argiloso. Cipó lenhoso, flores amarelo-ferrugineas; rara. 28 de Janeiro de 1992. Holotype (INPA), Isotypes (HUAM, RB, K, ULM). Figs. 1, 2

Figure 1
Voucher specimen of isotype (ULM) of Annona longipedicellata, sp. nov. Note ferruginous hairy flowers and underside of leaves.

Figure 2
a. General view of Annona longipedicellata with leaves and inflorescences. b. Inflorescence with three flowers, two with dropped petals, one in bud. Note connate sepals. c. Longitudinal section of flower bud showing the three thick petals and the cone of reproductive organs.

Frutex scandens. Foliorum petioles 5-10 mm longus; lamina discolor, supra glabra et nervis pilis minutis cinnamomea-fusci adpressis, subtus cinnamomea-fusci et pilis minutis vestita, elliptica, ovata vel oblonga, basi rotundata, apicem plus minus abrupta acuminata, 10-12.5 cm longa et 5.5-6.5 cm lata. Flores in inflorescentiis paucifloris (2-4), vel solitaris, pedicelli 5-6 cm longi, sub medium bracteis deltoideis 1-2 mm longis instructi. Sepala triangularia, connata, extus ferrugineo-pubescentia, 2-3 mm longa. Petala 3, crassa, ovata vel rotundata, extus ferrugineo-tomentella, c. 20 mm longa et c. 15 mm lata. Fructus ignotus.

Liana. Petioles of leaves 5-10 mm long; the two faces of the leaf blade unlike in color, upper side glabrous with only nerves covered with small brownish hairs, lower side of blade totally covered with small ferruginous hairs, more or less elliptical, ovate or oblong, leaf basis rounded, apex more or less acuminate, 10-12.5 cm long and 5.5-6.5 cm broad. Flowers in few-flowered inflorescences (2-4), or solitary, pedicels 5-6 cm long, with 1-2 mm long deltoid bracts. Sepals triangular and fused with each other, externally with ferruginous hairs, 2-3 mm long. The three thick petals ovate or rounded, upper side covered with ferruginous hairs, c. 20 mm long and c. 15 mm broad. Fruit unknown.

The new species was found to grow as a liana in terra firme forest, at the surroundings of the Urucu Petrobras petrol camp in lowland Amazonia. The twigs, petioles, undersides of leaves, peduncles, pedicels, as well as sepals and petals are densely covered by short, ferruginous hairs. Because the pedicels are remarkable long, up to 6 cm, the species is named A. longipedicellata. The three sepals are completely connate and form a nearly round plate.

Annona longipedicellata apparently is closest to A. hypoglauca and A. scandens (Fries 1931Fries RE (1931) Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen. II. Acta Horti Bergiani X: 129-341. 27 Tafeln.; Rainer 2007Rainer H (2007) Monographic studies in the genus Annona L. (Annonaceae): inclusion of the genus Rollinia A.St.-Hil. Annalen des Naturhististorischen Museums in Wien 108B: 191-205.). However, A. hypoglauca is a shrub or a tree of 10 m height, growing in inundated forests, while A. longipedicillata is a liana growing in terra firme forest. The underside of leaves of A. hypoglauca and A. scandens is whitish-bluish colored and has a sparse cover of whitish hairs. Their pedicels are short in comparison with A. longipedicellata, being only 1.2-1.8 cm long. A. longipedicellata has ferruginous hairs covering twigs, petioles, underside of leaves, peduncles, pedicels, sepals and petals. Most remarkable are the length of pedicels of the new species, which can reach 6 cm, and which are far longer than in the two other species.

When considering the classification of Fries (1931Fries RE (1931) Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen. II. Acta Horti Bergiani X: 129-341. 27 Tafeln., 1959)Fries RE (1959) Annonaceae. In: Melchior H (ed.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (begründet von A. Engler & K. Prantl), ed. 2, 17a II. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Pp. 1-171., the new species belongs to the species-richest section, Pilannona Saff., for which, at the time, Fries (1931)Fries RE (1931) Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen. II. Acta Horti Bergiani X: 129-341. 27 Tafeln. recognized 21 and later 24 species (Fries 1959Fries RE (1959) Annonaceae. In: Melchior H (ed.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (begründet von A. Engler & K. Prantl), ed. 2, 17a II. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Pp. 1-171.). Pilannona was characterized by Fries (1931Fries RE (1931) Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen. II. Acta Horti Bergiani X: 129-341. 27 Tafeln., 1959)Fries RE (1959) Annonaceae. In: Melchior H (ed.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (begründet von A. Engler & K. Prantl), ed. 2, 17a II. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Pp. 1-171. by reduced inner petals, connectives of stamens scutiform and flowers in bud roundish. In a preliminary revision of Annona, Rainer (1997)Rainer H (1997) Revision of Annona, preliminary results and subgeneric grouping. Annonaceae Newsletter 11. Department of plant ecology and evolutionary biology, herbarium division. Lubbert Y. Th. Westra, Utrecht. Pp. 44-50. put the 17 sections of Fries (1959)Fries RE (1959) Annonaceae. In: Melchior H (ed.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (begründet von A. Engler & K. Prantl), ed. 2, 17a II. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Pp. 1-171. into five groups. In the first group, to which also the section Pilannona belongs, species originally have six large and fleshy petals, a large pollination chamber, large stamens and a “primitive” venation pattern of the leaves. In a further evolutionary line of this group, there is a transition from triangular outer petals and reduced inner petals (sect. Helogenia Saff.) to broadly ovoid outer petals (= almost globose flower buds), and absent inner petals (sect. Pilannona). Pilannona is the section to which the new species, A. longipedicellata and its relatives, A. hypoglauca and A. scandens belong. Annona hypoglauca is a common species in inundated forests along the rivers of the Amazon region, while A. longipedicellata, seems to be a rare species, known until now only from the locus classicus, in terra firme phytophysiognomy. Even in intensively studied places in Amazonia, such as in the botanically well explored Reserva Ducke close to the city of Manaus (Ribeiro et al. 1999Ribeiro JELS, Hopkins MJG, Vicentini A, Sothers CA, Costa MAS, Brito JM, Souza MAD, Martins LHP, Lohmann LG, Assunção PACL, Pereira EC, Silva CF, Mesquita MR & Procópio LC (1999) Flora da Reserva Ducke. Guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta de terra-firme na Amazônia Central. INPA-DFID, Manaus. Pp. 1-800.; Maas et al. 2007Maas PJM, Maas H & Miralha JMS (2007) Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil: Annonaceae. Rodriguésia 58: 617-662.), it didn’t show up.

Acknowledgements

Best thanks to Graciela Hintze, Ulm, for the drawings and the preparation of the photograph of the new species.

References

  • Fries RE (1931) Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen. II. Acta Horti Bergiani X: 129-341. 27 Tafeln.
  • Fries RE (1959) Annonaceae. In: Melchior H (ed.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (begründet von A. Engler & K. Prantl), ed. 2, 17a II. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Pp. 1-171.
  • Maas PJM, Maas H & Miralha JMS (2007) Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil: Annonaceae. Rodriguésia 58: 617-662.
  • Rainer H (1997) Revision of Annona, preliminary results and subgeneric grouping. Annonaceae Newsletter 11. Department of plant ecology and evolutionary biology, herbarium division. Lubbert Y. Th. Westra, Utrecht. Pp. 44-50.
  • Rainer H (2007) Monographic studies in the genus Annona L. (Annonaceae): inclusion of the genus Rollinia A.St.-Hil. Annalen des Naturhististorischen Museums in Wien 108B: 191-205.
  • Ribeiro JELS, Hopkins MJG, Vicentini A, Sothers CA, Costa MAS, Brito JM, Souza MAD, Martins LHP, Lohmann LG, Assunção PACL, Pereira EC, Silva CF, Mesquita MR & Procópio LC (1999) Flora da Reserva Ducke. Guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta de terra-firme na Amazônia Central. INPA-DFID, Manaus. Pp. 1-800.

Edited by

Area Editor: Dr. Rafael Pinto

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    17 Apr 2020
  • Date of issue
    2020

History

  • Received
    08 Oct 2018
  • Accepted
    27 Nov 2018
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