Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Flora of Fazenda Aba, Paraíba, Brazil: Bignoniaceae

Abstract

We conducted a taxonomic survey of the Bignoniaceae from the “Fazenda Aba,” located at the municipality of Passagem, within the state of Paraiba (Northeastern Brazil). This inventory was based on material collected during monthly field expeditions between 2014 and 2017. For all collected species, we provide descriptions, information on the distribution, taxonomic comments, an identification key, illustrations, and photos. We recorded nine species distributed in six genera. The most representative genus is Tanaecium with three species, followed by Anemopaegma, with two species. The other four genera, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Handroanthus, and Tabebuia are represented by a single species each.

Key words
Caatinga; Lamiales; Northeastern Brazil

Resumo

Realizamos um levantamento taxonômico das Bignoniaceae ocorrentes na Fazenda Aba, localizada no município de Passagem, estado da Paraíba (Nordeste do Brasil). Este inventário foi baseado em materiais coletados em excursões mensais de coleta realizadas entre 2014 e 2017. Para todas as espécies coletadas, apresentamos descrições, informações sobre distribuição, comentários taxonômicos, chave de identificação, ilustrações e fotografias. Registramos a ocorrência de nove espécies distribuídas em seis gêneros. O gênero mais representativo é Tanaecium com três espécies, seguido de Anemopaegma, com duas espécies. Os outros quatro gêneros, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Handroanthus e Tabebuia estão representados por uma única espécie cada.

Palavras-chave
Caatinga; Lamiales; Nordeste brasileiro

Introduction

Bignoniaceae Juss. is a Pantropical plant family, centered in the Neotropics, with a few representatives in the temperate regions of the World (Lohmann 2004Lohmann LG (2004) Bignoniaceae. In: Smith N, Mori SA, Henderson, A, Stevenson DW & Heald SV (eds.) Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Pp. 51–53. ; Lohmann & Ulloa Ulloa 2006Lohmann LG & Ulloa-Ulloa C (2006, onwards). Bignoniaceae. In: iPlants prototype checklist. Available at <http://www.iplants.org> Access on 10 August 2018.
http://www.iplants.org...
, onwards). It comprises approximately 830 species distributed in 82 genera (Lohmann & Ulloa Ulloa 2006Lohmann LG & Ulloa-Ulloa C (2006, onwards). Bignoniaceae. In: iPlants prototype checklist. Available at <http://www.iplants.org> Access on 10 August 2018.
http://www.iplants.org...
, onwards). In Brazil, 417 species and 33 genera have been documented, of which 199 are endemic, being widely distributed predominantly through the Amazon (191 spp.), Atlantic Forest (174 spp.), Cerrado (170 spp.), Caatinga (79 spp.), Pantanal (59 spp.), and Pampa (8 spp.) (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.). Of these, 215 species occur in Northeastern Brazil, and 51 have been recorded for the state of Paraiba (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.; Brito et al. 2018Brito IJN, Costa SL, Cordeiro JMP, Lohmann LG & Melo JIM. (2018) New records of Tabebuia Alliance (Bignoniaceae) for the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89: 625-630. ; Costa et al. 2019Costa SL, Brito IJN, Lohmann LG & Melo JIM (2019a) New records of tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) for Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Acta Brasiliensis 3:89-96.).

The Bignoniaceae is mostly composed of trees and lianas, although some taxa are shrubby or herbaceous. Most species have opposite and compound leaves, that can be either ternate, pinnate, or palmate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a tendril in the lianas. The flowers are sympetalous, zygomorphic, and bilabiated, with four stamens and one staminode. The fruits are capsules, bearing winged seeds (Lohmann & Pirani 2003Lohmann LG & Pirani JR (2003) Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Bignoniaceae. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 21: 109-121.; Lohmann 2004Lohmann LG (2004) Bignoniaceae. In: Smith N, Mori SA, Henderson, A, Stevenson DW & Heald SV (eds.) Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Pp. 51–53. ).

The Bignoniaceae represents an important component of Tropical ecosystems (Lohmann 2004Lohmann LG (2004) Bignoniaceae. In: Smith N, Mori SA, Henderson, A, Stevenson DW & Heald SV (eds.) Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Pp. 51–53. ). This plant family is also important economically. More specifically, members of the family are used in the civil industry, as ornamentals, and for landscaping. For example, representatives of the genera Handroanthus, Tabebuia, and Jacaranda are commonly used in horticulture and furniture manufacturing, while other members of this family are used to manufacture handcrafts and musical instruments, cooking, and medicine (Gentry 1980Gentry AH (1980). Bignoniaceae, Part I - Tribes Crescentieae and Tourrettieae. Flora Neotropica, New York. 130p.).

The Caatinga biome is, proportionally, the least studied natural Brazilian region, with much of the scientific effort concentrated in a few spots of the Northeast region. This situation has changed in recent years, with research projects focused on areas that were not studied before. The Caatinga is the least protected Brazilian natural region, with less than 2% of its territory included in conservation units (Leal et al. 2008). This biome continues to undergo an extensive process of alteration and environmental deterioration caused by unsustainable use of its natural resources, which is leading to the rapid loss of unique species, the elimination of key ecological processes, and the formation of extensive desertification spots in many parts of the region (Leal et al. 2008).

The main geomorphological feature where the Caatinga vegetation is found corresponds to the great depression, also known as hinterland depression. This is the most typical landscape unit of the Caatinga Biome (Queiroz 2009Queiroz LP (2009) Leguminosas da caatinga. Associação Plantas do Nordeste. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 467p.). The great depression was divided by Velloso et al. (2002) in Southern and Northern hinterland depression, the latter occupying most of the northern part of the biome, from the Northern border of Pernambunco extending over most of the states of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará.

Of the 282 priority areas mapped by the MMA (Ministry of the Environment), the Northern hinterland depression is the largest in extension and is considered of high biological importance. During the course of three years, we conducted an extensive floristic survey of the mountain complex located in the Paraíba hinterlands, Northeast Brazil. Here, we present a section of this survey, and show the results of the Bignoniaceae family. For all taxa, we provide descriptions, information on their distribution, taxonomic comments, identification keys, illustrations, and photos.

Material and Methods

The “Fazenda Aba” is located in the municipality of Passagem (07°05᾽50”S, 37°01᾽34”W). This property was acquired by Magno Martins, mayor of the municipality, in the mid-1970s for agriculture. However, the area is now being transformed into a RPPN (Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony). It encompasses an area of 350 ha, of which 120 ha are classified as legal reserve. It is located in the “Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional,” which has a Bsh climate type, and an annual average temperature of 25º C and altitudes varying between 250 to 810 m (Francisco 2015Francisco PRM, Medeiros RM, Santos D & Matos RM (2015) Classificação climática de Köppen e Thornthwaite para o estado da Paraíba. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 8: 1006-1016.; IBGE 2019IBGE (2019) Instituto Brasileiro Geografia e Estatística. Disponível em <https://www.ibge.gov.br/informacoes-por-cidade-e-estado.html?t=destaques&c=2510709> Access on 09 January 2020.
https://www.ibge.gov.br/informacoes-por-...
) (Fig. 1).

Figure 1
Location of the study area (Municipality of Passagem in the Paraíba state) and occurrence of the Bignoniaceae sampled.

The study area mainly includes Caatinga vegetation, although montane forests are also found at higher altitudes. The area includes the Aba Mountain Range, as well as tributaries of the Aba River, which includes persistent springs that continue to run during the dry season. The forests encountered in the region also include algae, mosses, ferns, and lianas, with the lianas being particular abundant through forest edges.

Monthly field expeditions were conducted in the study area between 2014 and 2017. Field trips consisted of random walks through the area, during which time we collected flowering specimens, following usual plants collecting procedures and protocols (Bridson & Forman 1998Bridson D & Forman L (1998) The herbarium handbook 3rd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 346p.). The collected specimens were deposited in the Herbarium Rita Baltazar de Lima (HCSTR; Thiers 2020Thiers B (2020, continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden᾽s Virtual Herbarium, New York. Available at <http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/>. Access on 22 August 2020.
http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/...
, continuously updated) of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus Patos, PB.

The taxonomic treatment was prepared based on the analyses of specimens collected during field-work, and specimens deposited at herbaria from the states of Paraíba (i.e., EAN, HACAM, HCSTR, and JPB) and Pernambuco (i.e., HST, IPA, PEUFR, and UFP). The specimens used in this treatment are listed as "Examined Material." Species identifications were based on specialized literature (Bureau & Schumann 1896Bureau LE & Schumann KM (1896) Bignoniaceae: Cybistax-Sparattosperma. Flora brasiliensis. F. Fleischer, Leipzig. Vol. 8, pars 2, pp. 358.; Gentry 1992Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p. , 2009Gentry AH (2009) Bignoniaceae. Flora de Colombia. Vol. 25. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. 462p.; Lohmann 2004Lohmann LG (2004) Bignoniaceae. In: Smith N, Mori SA, Henderson, A, Stevenson DW & Heald SV (eds.) Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Pp. 51–53. ; Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ; Lohmann & Pirani 1996Lohmann LG & Pirani JR (1996) Tecomeae: Bignoniaceae da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais e Bahia, Brasil. Acta Botânica Brasilica 10: 103-137., 1998Lohmann LG & Pirani JR (1998) Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Bignoniaceae. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 17: 127-153., 2003; Pereira & Mansano 2008Pereira PH & Mansano VF (2008) Estudos taxonômicos da tribo Tecomeae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brasil. Rodriguésia 59: 265-289. ; Pool 2007aPool A (2007a) A review of the genus Pithecoctenium (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94: 622–642. , 2007bPool A (2007b) A review of the genus Distictis (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94: 791-820., 2009Pool A (2009) A review of the genus Distictella (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96: 286-323.; Reiche et al. 2020Reiche AP, Mansano VF, Heiden G & Lohmann LG (2020) A tribo Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brasil. Rodriguésia 71: e03202018.; Scudeller 2004Scudeller VV (2004) Bignoniaceae Juss. no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Iheringia, Série Botanica 59: 59-73.). Morphological structures were described based on the terminology of Harris and Harris (2000), Gonçalves & Lorenzi (2007)Gonçalves EG & Lorenzi H (2007) Morfologia vegetal: organografia e dicionário ilustrado de morfologia das plantas vasculares. Plantarum, Nova Odessa. 416p., and Lohmann & Taylor (2014)Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. .

Results

In this study, we documented nine species of Bignoniaceae distributed among six genera at the “Fazenda Aba.” The most representative genus is Tanaecium Swartz with three species (i.e., Tanaecium dichotomum (Jacq.) Kaehler & L.G.Lohmann, Tanaecium parviflorum (Mart. ex DC.) Kaehler & L.G. Lohmann, and Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G. Lohmann), followed by Anemopaegma Martius ex Meisner, with two species (i.e., Anemopaegma citrinum Mart. ex DC., Anemopaegma laeve DC.). The other four genera, are represented by a single species each, as follows: Dolichandra quadrivalvis (Jacq.) L.G. Lohmann, Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann, Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, and Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S.Moore.

Identification key to the Bignoniaceae from the Fazenda Aba (Paraíba, Brazil)

  • 1. Small to large trees ................... 2

  • 1᾽. Lianas ................... 3

    • 2. Leaves 3–5-foliolate; calyx 5-dentate to truncate; corolla pink to lilac, with yellow to orange nectar guides ................... 5. Handroanthus impetiginosus

    • 2᾽. Leaves 5–6-foliolate; calyx irregularly dentate; corolla yellow, without nectar guides ......................................................... 6. Tabeuia aurea

      • 3. Trifid tendrils ................... 4

      • 3᾽. Tendrils simple or bifid ................... 5

        • 4. Tendrils uncinated; calyx spathaceous; fruit oblong, 4-parted.........................................................3. Dolichandra quadrivalvis

        • 4᾽. Tendrils not uncinated; calyx cupular; fruit elliptic, 2-parted...................1. Anemopaegma citrinum

          • 5. Prophylls of the axillary buds wide-elliptic to elliptic; corolla yellow ...................2. Anemopaegma laeve

          • 5᾽. Prophylls of the axillary buds triangular; corolla white, pink, or lilac ...................6

            • 6. Leaflets with margin crenate; corolla white or white pinkish ...................8. Tanaecium parviflorum

            • 6᾽. Leaflets with margin entire; corolla lilac or pink...................7

              • 7. Calyx bilabiate and cuspidate...................7. Tanaecium dichotomum

              • 7᾽. Calyx truncate, minutely 5-apiculated, 5-dentate, irregularly divided or 2-lobed...................8

                • 8. Leaves 2–3-foliolate; leaflets pubescent; tendrils bifid.........................................................9. Tanaecium pyramidatum

                • 8᾽. Leaves 1(–2)-foliolate; leaflets glabrous; tendrils simple.........................................................4. Fridericia platyphylla

Anemopaegma Mart. ex Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 1:300, 2: 208, 1840.

Lianas; branchlets cylindrical, striated, without lenticels. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a simple or trifid tendril, not uncinated. Inflorescence a raceme, axillary. Calyx cupular, coriaceous, with cupular glands; corolla infundibuliform, yellow, without nectar guides, membranaceous; stamens included, staminode shorter than fertile stamens, anthers glabrous, straight; ovary stipitate, smooth, lepidote; disk annular. Capsule elliptic, stipitate, slightly inflated, coriaceous, 2-parted, without lenticels, calyx persistent; seeds winged, wings hyaline.

Anemopaegma includes 45 species distributed through dry to wet forests, from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, 36 species occur, 13 of which are endemic (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.). Two species are found in the study area, A. citrinum and A. leave.

1. Anemopaegma citrinum Mart. ex DC., in A. DC., Prodr. 9:189, 1845.

Type: BRAZIL. s. loc.: C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (Lectotype designated by Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. : 411, BR-880372). Figs. 2b; 3a-b

Figure 2
a. Anemopaegma laeve. b. Anemopaegma citrinum. c. Dolichandra quadrivalvis. d, e-f. Handroanthus impetiginosus. g-h. Tabebuia aurea. i. Tanaecium dichotomum. j. Tanaecium parviflorum. k. Tanaecium pyramidatum.

Liana; branchlets glabrous; prophylls of the axillary buds triangular, not foliaceous, ca. 0.2 cm long, glabrous. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a trifid tendril, not uncinated; petiole 1.3–2 cm long, glabrous; petiolules 0.2–0.6 cm long, glabrous; leaflets elliptic, chartaceous, 2.3–5.2 × 0.9–2.2 cm, discolor, base obtuse, apex acuminate, margin entire, revolute, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent, glandular trichomes, abaxial surface pubescent, glandular trichomes, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a raceme, axillary. Calyx cupular, coriaceous, 0.4–0.9 × 0.4–0.8 cm, truncate, green, glabrous; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 2.3–5.8 × 1.2–2.8 cm, yellow, externally lepidote; stamens included, anthers ca. 0.2 cm long, dorsal filaments 1.5–1.9 cm long, ventral filaments 1.4–1.6 cm long, staminode ca. 0.2 cm long; ovary elliptic, ca. 0.2 × 0.1 cm, style ca. 2.6 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, rhombic. Capsule elliptic, 4.2–10.1 × 3.3–7.2 cm, slightly inflated, coriaceous, 2-parted, base and apex obtuse, glabrous, with lenticels, calyx persistent; seeds wide-elliptic, 1.3–1.8 × 1.1–1.5 cm, wings membranaceous.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 6.III.2016, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 419 (HCSTR).

Additional Examined Material: BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO: Serra Talhada, 21.III.2014, fr., D.N. Silva & A.P.S. Gomes 10 (HESBRA 2876).

Anemopaegma citrinum is found in Cerrado and dry forests, from eastern Bolivia to Brazil (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, it occurs in Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation from the states of Maranhão, Piauí, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Minas Gerais (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering between March and April.

Anemopaegma citrinum can be easily recognized by the trifid tendrils, minute prophylls of the axillary buds, calyx green cupular and coriaceous, corolla yellow, and elliptic fruits with obtuse bases and apices.

2. Anemopaegma laeve DC., in A. DC., Prodr. 9:189, 1845.

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: J.S. Blanchet 3102 (Holotype: G-DC, photo F neg. 7663 at MO-1692840; Isotypes: G, K, P). Figs. 2a; 3c-d

Liana; branchlets glabrous to velutinous, with simple trichomes; prophylls of the axillary buds wide-elliptic to elliptic, foliaceous, 0.2–1.8 × 0.2–1.7, glabrous to velutinous, with simple trichomes. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a simple tendril; petiole 1.6–3.7 cm long, glabrous to velutinous, with simple trichomes; petiolules 0.4–0.9 cm long, glabrous to velutinous, simple trichomes; leaflets elliptic to ovate, chartaceous, 2.8–7.1 × 0.7–3.6 cm, slightly discolor, base cordate, apex attenuate to acuminate, margin entire, revolute, both sides glabrous to velutinous, with simple trichomes, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a raceme, axillary. Calyx cupular, coriaceous, 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 cm, truncate, green, glabrous to pubescent, with simple and glandular trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 2.7–5.9 × 1.4–2.7 cm, yellow, externally lepidote; stamens included, anthers ca. 0.2 cm long, dorsal filaments 2.5–2.9 cm long, ventral filaments 1.8–1.9 cm long, staminode ca. 0.3 cm long; ovary elliptic, ca. 0.3 × 0.1 cm, style ca. 1.9 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, rhombic. Capsule elliptic, 5.8–7.4 × 3.8–5.7 cm, slightly inflated, coriaceous, 2-parted, base and apex cuneate, glabrous, with lenticels, calyx persistent; seeds wide-elliptic, ca. 2.9 × 3.6 cm, wings membranaceous.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 20.XII.2014, fl. and fr., E.M.P. Fernando 201 (HCSTR).

Anemopaegma laeve is endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in Caatinga and Cerrado from the states of Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Minas Gerais (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering and fruiting in November and December.

The indument of Anemopaegma laeve ranges from glabrous to densely velutinous. Anemopaegma leave is the only species of Anemopaegma in Paraíba that bears prophylls of the axillary buds wide-elliptic and foliaceous, and elliptic fruits with cuneate bases and apices.

Dolichandra Cham., Linnaea 7: 657, 1832 emend. L.G. Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 428, 2014.

Dolichandra includes 10 species distributed through dry to wet forests from the southeastern U.S.A., Mexico and Antilles to Argentina (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, nine species occur, one of which is endemic (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.). A single species is found in the study area, D. quadrivalvis.

3. Dolichandra quadrivalvis (Jacq.) L.G. Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 273, 2008.

Type: tab. 40, fig. 3 in Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 37, 1800 [1809] (Lectotype designated by Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. : 430). Figs. 2c; 3e-f

Figure 3
a-b. Anemopaegma citrinum – a. flower; b. trifid tendril. c-d. Anemopaegma laeve – c. prophylls of the axillary buds; d. fruit. e-f. Dolichandra quadrivalvis – e. calyx; f. fruit. g. Fridericia platyphylla – leaf 1-foliolate. h-i. Handroanthus impetiginosus – h. leaf; i. flower. j-k. Tabebuia aurea – j. leaf; k. flower. l. Tanaecium dichotomum – flower. m-n. Tanaecium parviflorum – m. leaf; n. flower. o. Tanaecium pyramidatum – calyx.

Liana; branchlets cylindrical, striated, with lenticels, glabrous to pubescent, with simple trichomes; prophylls of the axillary buds lanceolate, not foliaceous, ca. 0.4 cm long, glabrous. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a trifid tendril, uncinated; petiole 1.4–3.7 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; petiolules 0.9–2 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; leaflets elliptic, oblong-elliptic or ovate, chartaceous, 2.0–8.6 × 1.3–8.1 cm, discolor, base cuneate to rounded, apex attenuate to rounded, margin entire, not revolute, both sides glabrous to lepidote, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a thyrse, axillary. Calyx spathaceous, membranaceous, 0.5–3.2 × 0.4–1.2 cm, 1-apiculated, green, pubescent, with glandular trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 3.2–6.8 × 0.4–1 cm, yellow, without nectar guides, externally glabrous; stamens inserted, anthers ca. 0.2 cm long, glabrous, dorsal filaments 1.9–2 cm long, ventral filaments 0.8–1.3 cm long, staminode ca. 0.3 cm long; ovary elliptic, sessile, ca. 0.3 × 0.2 cm, smooth, glabrous, style ca. 3.1 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, rhombic; disk annular. Capsule oblong, 9.8–18 × 2.3–7.5 cm, inflated, woody, 4-parted, base cuneate, apex obtuse, glabrous, with lenticels, calyx persistent; seeds not seen.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 17.I.2016, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 376 (HCSTR).

Dolichandra quadrivalvis is widely distributed through dry to wet forests from Mexico to Argentina (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, it occurs in all states and phytogeographic domains (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering between January and February.

Dolichandra quadrivalvis can be recognized by uncinated and trifid tendril and the spathaceous and apiculated calyces and the 4-parted oblong fruits.

Fridericia Mart., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13(2): 7, 1827 emend. L.G. Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 431, 2014.

Fridericia includes 60 species distributed through dry to wet forests, Cerrado, and Caatinga from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil (Kaehler et al. 2019Kaehler M, Michelangeli F & Lohmann LG (2019) Fine tuning the circumscription of Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae). Taxon 68: 1-20.). In Brazil, 54 species occur, 23 of which are endemic (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.). A single species is found in the study area, F. platyphylla.

4. Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 442, 2014.

Type: BRAZIL. F. Sellow s.n. (Holotype: LE; Isotypes: B as photo F. neg. 18452 at MO-1692775, HAL, K, US). Fig. 3g

Liana; branchlets cylindrical, striated, with lenticels, glabrous; prophylls of axillary buds triangular, not foliaceous, ca. 0.1 cm, glabrous. Leaves 1(–2)-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a simple tendril, not uncinated; petiole 0.3–0.8 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; petiolules 0.3–0.6 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; leaflets elliptic to obovate, chartaceous, 2.6–5.7 × 0.9–4.4 cm, concolor, base attenuated, apex rounded, margin entire, not revolute, both sides glabrous, venation actinodromous. Inflorescence a thyrse, terminal. Calyx cupular, membranaceous, 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 cm, truncate to minutely 5-apiculated, pink, densely velutinous, with simple trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 1.6–3.3 × 0.6–0.9 cm, pink, without nectar guides, externally velutinous, with simple trichomes; stamens included, anthers ca. 0.3 cm long, glabrous, dorsal filaments 1.1–1.3 cm long, ventral filaments 0.8–1.2 cm long, staminode ca. 0.2 cm long; ovary elliptic, sessile, ca. 0.2 × 0.1 cm, smooth, glabrous, style ca. 1.2 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, elliptic; disk annular. Fruits and seed not seen.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 29.XI.2014, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 196 (HCSTR).

Fridericia platyphylla is found in Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, it occurs in almost all states and phytogeographical domains (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering between November and December.

Fridericia platyphylla can be recognized by the 1(–2)-foliolate and glabrous leaves and the calyx cupular, truncate to minutely 5-apiculated and pink.

Handroanthus Mattos, Loefgrenia, 50: 2, 1970.

Handroanthus includes 30 species distributed through Central and South America and the Antilles (Grose & Olsmtead 2007). In Brazil, 27 species are found, 15 of which are endemic (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.). A single species is found in the study area, H. impetiginosus.

5. Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Loefgrenia 50: 2, 1970.

Type: BRAZIL. C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (Lectotype designated as holotype by Gentry 1992Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p. : 199). Figs. 2d-f; 3h-i

Tree, 4-5 m; branchlets cylindrical, striated, with lenticels, glabrous. Leaves 3–5-foliolate; petiole 2–8.1 cm long, glabrous; petiolule 1–3.9 cm long, glabrous; leaflets elliptic, narrow-elliptic or obovate, chartaceous, 1.2–12 × 1.1–5.7 cm, concolor, base rounded, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire, sometimes irregularly serrate, adaxial surface pubescent, with simple trichomes, abaxial surface glabrescent to tomentose, with simple trichomes, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a condensed panicle, glabrous to densely tomentose. Calyx cupular, coriaceous, 0.3–1 × 0.3–0.6 cm, 5-dentate to truncate, lilac, densely pubescent, with stellate and simple trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 2.8–6.9 × 0.6–3.3 cm, pink to lilac with yellow to orange nectar guides, externally pubescent, with simple trichomes; stamens inserted, anthers ca. 0.2 cm long, dorsal filaments ca. 1.7–2.1 cm long, ventral filaments ca. 1.5–1.6 cm long, staminode ca. 0.2 cm long; ovary sessile, oblong, ca. 0.3 × 0.2 cm, lepidote, style ca. 2.5 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, lanceolate. Fruits and seeds not seen.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 13.VI.2015, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 337 (HCSTR).

Handroanthus impetiginosus is widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina (Gentry 1992Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p. ). In Brazil, it occurs in almost all phytogeographical domains and states, except the southern portions on the country (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering between June to September.

Handroanthus impetiginosus can be recognized by the tree habit and pink to lilac flowers, with yellow to orange nectar guides and 5-dentated and pubescent calyces, with stellate trichomes.

Tabebuia Gomes ex A. P. de Candolle, Biblioth. Universelle Genève, ser. 2, 17: 139, 1838.

Tabebuia includes 67 species that are broadly distributed through Central and South America and the Antilles (Gentry 1992Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p. ). In Brazil, 15 species occur, five of which are endemic (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.). A single species is found in the study area, T. aurea.

6. Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook.f. ex S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4: 423, 1895.

Type: BRAZIL. H.C. Cutler 8249 (Lectotype designated by Gentry 1992Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p. : 144). Figs. 2g-h; 3j-k

Tree, 3–10 m; branchlets cylindrical, striated, with lenticels, glabrous. Leaves 5–6-foliolate; petiole 1.3–7.7 cm long, glabrous; petiolule 1.0–3.4 cm long, glabrous; leaflets elliptic, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, coriaceous, 4.2–19 × 0.5–8.2 cm, concolor, base rounded to obtuse, apex rounded to cuneate, margin entire, not revolute, both sides glabrescent to lepidote, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a panicle, terminal or axillary. Calyx tubular, coriaceous, 0.6–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 cm, irregularly dentate, light brown to yellow, densely lepidote, with sparsely distributed glands; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 3.3–7.4 × 1.1–1.5 cm, yellow, without nectar guides, externally glabrous; stamens inserted, anthers ca. 0.3 cm long, dorsal filaments 1.6–1.9 cm long, ventral filaments 1.4–1.7 cm long, staminode ca. 0.3 cm long; ovary ca. 0.3 × 0.1 cm, densely lepidote, style 2.8–3 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, lanceolate. Fruits and seed not seen.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 27.IX.2014, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 160 (HCSTR).

Tabebuia aurea is widely distributed in dry forests of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Suriname (Gentry 1992Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p. ). In Brazil, it is found in almost all states and phytogeographical domains (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering between August to September and fruiting in October and November.

Tabebuia aurea can be recognized by the yellow flowers and calyx irregularly dentate and densely lepidote, with sparse glands.

Tanaecium Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 6:91, 1788, emend. L.G. Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 463, 2014.

Lianas; branchlets cylindrical, striated, with lenticels. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a simple or bifid tendril, not uncinated. Inflorescence a thyrse, axillary or terminal. Calyx cupular, coriaceous, without cupular glands; corolla infundibuliform, white, pink, or lilac, without nectar guides, membranaceous; stamens included, staminode shorter than fertile stamens, anthers glabrous, straight; ovary sessile, smooth, lepidote; disk annular. Capsule linear, not stipitate, flattened or inflated, coriaceous, 2-parted, with lenticels, calyx caducous or persistent; seeds winged, wings hyaline.

Tanaecium includes 21 species distributed through dry to wet forests from Mexico and the Antilles to Argentina (Frazão & Lohmann 2019). In Brazil, 16 species occur, five of which are endemic (Frazão & Lohmann 2019). Three species are found in the study area, T. dichotomum, T. parviflorum, and T. pyramidatum.

7. Tanaecium dichotomum (Jacq.) Kaehler & L.G. Lohmann, Taxon, 68(4): 765, 2019.

Type: COLOMBIA. Magdalena, Cartagena: s. coll. (not located). Figs. 2i; 3l

Liana; branchlets velutinous, with simple trichomes; prophylls of the axillary buds triangular, not foliaceous, ca. 0.2 cm long, glabrous. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a simple tendril; petiole 1.2–1.8 cm long, velutinous, with simple trichomes; petiolules 0.4–0.8 cm long, velutinous, with simple trichomes; leaflets oblong to elliptic, membranaceous, 2.1–4 × 1.5–2 cm, discolor, base and apex rounded, margin entire, not revolute, both sides velutinous, with simple trichomes, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a thyrse, terminal. Calyx cupular, 0.5–1.3 × 0.3–0.8 cm, bilabiate and cuspidate, lilac, velutinous, with simple trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 3–6.2 × 0.6–1.3 cm, pink to lilac, internally white, externally velutinous, with simple trichomes; stamens included, anthers ca. 0.3 cm long, dorsal filaments 1.5–1.6 cm long, ventral filaments 1–1.4 cm long, staminode ca. 0.3 cm long; ovary elliptic, ca. 0.3 × 0.2 cm, style ca. 2.0 cm long, stigma ca. 0.3 cm long, elliptic. Capsule linear, 15.1–23.9 × 1–1.4 cm, flattened, coriaceous, base and apex cuneate, densely velutinous, with simple trichomes, calyx persistent; seeds elliptic, 1.9–2.8 × 1.3–1.6 cm, wings membranaceous.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 11.IX.2016, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 467 (HCSTR).

Additional Examined Material: BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO: Ibimirim, 16.II.1996, fr., A.P.S. Gomes & D.S. Pimentel 279 (MO 1282655).

Tanaecium dichotomum is widely distributed through dry to humid lowland forest vegetation from Mexico to Argentina (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, it occurs in all states and phytogeographical domains, except from the southern states of the country (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering between September and October.

Tanaecium dichotomum can be recognized by the dichotomic inflorescences, the calyx truncate to irregularly bilabiate and cuspidate, and the green and densely velutinous fruits.

8. Tanaecium parviflorum (Mart. ex DC.) Kaehler & L.G. Lohmann, Taxon, 68(4): 765, 2019.

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: C.F.P. von Martius 1874 (Lectotype designated by Lohmann in Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. : 441, M-086353). Figs. 2j; 3m-n

Liana; branchlets glabrous; prophylls of the axillary buds triangular, not foliaceous, ca. 0.3 cm long, glabrous. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a simple tendril; petiole 0.5–0.7 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; petiolules 0.3–0.6 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; leaflets elliptic, membranaceous, 1–4.8 × 0.7–2 cm, concolor, base rounded to truncate, apex rounded to attenuate, margin crenate, not revolute, adaxial surface pubescent only in main vein, with simple trichomes, abaxial surface pubescent, with simple trichomes, venation actinodromous. Inflorescence a thyrse, axillary. Calyx cupular, coriaceous, ca. 0.4 × 0.3 cm, 5-dentate, green, pubescent, with simple trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 2.3–4.1 × 1.3–2 cm, white pinkish, internally yellow, externally pubescent, with simple trichomes; stamens included, anthers ca. 0.4 cm long, dorsal filaments 1.3–1.7 cm long, ventral filaments 0.7–1 cm long, staminode ca. 0.3 cm long; ovary elliptic, ca. 0.4 × 0.2 cm, style ca. 2.6 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, ellipsoid. Capsule linear, 8.6 × 1.4 cm, flattened, coriaceous, base rounded, apex long attenuate, velutinous, with simple trichomes, calyx persistent; seeds elliptic, 1–1.5 × 1.3–2.2 cm, wings membranaceous.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 31.I.2016, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 380 (HCSTR).

Additional Examined Material: BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO: Salgueiro, 7º59᾽04”S 39º07᾽42”W, 501 m, 31.III.2009, fr., J.G. Carvalho–Sobrinho & G.C. Rodrigues 2102 (IPA 87921).

Tanaecium parviflorum is endemic to Brazil, where it grows in Atlantic forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado from Ceará to São Paulo (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering in January and February.

Tanaecium parviflorum can be recognized by the membranaceous leaflets with crenate margins, and the corolla white pinkish, yellow internally.

9. Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G. Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 274, 2008.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: J.B. Leblond 292 (Holotype: P-LA). Figs. 2k; 3o

Liana; branchlets densely pubescent, with simple trichomes; prophylls of the axillary buds triangular, not foliaceous, ca. 0.2 cm long, glabrous. Leaves 2–3-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet often modified into a bifid tendril; petiole 2–2.2 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; petiolules 1.8–2 cm long, pubescent, with simple trichomes; leaflets elliptic to ovate, chartaceous, 2.9–7.7 × 1.6–4.6 cm, concolor, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire, not revolute, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface pubescent over the main veins, with simple trichomes, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescence a thyrse, terminal. Calyx cupular, 0.5–0.8 × 0.3–0.8 cm, truncate, irregulary divided or 2-lobed, light pink, pubescent, with glandular trichomes; corolla infundibuliform, membranaceous, 2.2–4.5 × 0.9–1.1 cm, light pink, internally white, externally densely velutinous, with simple trichomes; stamens included, anthers ca. 0.2 cm long, dorsal filaments 1.7–2.1 cm long, ventral filaments 1.5–1.7 cm long, staminode ca. 0.2 cm long; ovary elliptic, ca. 0.3 × 0.1 cm, style ca. 2.1 cm long, stigma ca. 0.2 cm long, ellipsoid. Capsule linear, 16–30.1 × 0.9–1.1 cm, inflated, coriaceous, base attenuate, apex acuminate, glabrous, calyx persistent; seeds not seen.

Examined Material: Passagem, Fazenda Aba, 22.II.2015, fl., E.M.P. Fernando 215 (HCSTR).

Additional Examined Material: BRAZIL. ALAGOAS: Ibateguara, Coimbra, 13.XII.2001, fr., M. Oliveira & A. Grilo 671 (IPA 64091).

Tanaecium pyramidatum is distributed through dry to humid forest vegetation from Mexico to Uruguay (Lohmann & Taylor 2014Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489. ). In Brazil, it occurs in all states and phytogeographical domains (Lohmann 2010Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.).

The species was collected flowering in February and March.

Tanaecium pyramidatum can be recognized by the bifid tendril, calyx truncate to irregulary divided, and corolla infundibuliform, light pink externally and white internally.

Acknowledgements

We thank the Federal University of Campina Grande, for providing the necessary infrastructure for the development of this study and for supporting the field expeditions to the Fazenda Aba. We also thank the technicians of the HCSTR herbarium and the herbarium curator, Magno Martins, for assistance during the development of this project. We thank Felipe Martins, for preparing the illustrations; and Denize Monteiro, for preparing the map. We also thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), for a Pq-1B grant to LGL (310871/2017-4).

References

  • Beltrão BA, Mascarenhas JC, Sousa LC, Morais F, Mendes VA & Miranda JLF (2005) Projeto cadastro de fontes de abastecimento por água subterrânea. Diagnóstico do Município de Passagem, Paraíba. CPRM/PRODEEM, Recife. 19p.
  • Bridson D & Forman L (1998) The herbarium handbook 3rd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 346p.
  • Brito IJN, Costa SL, Cordeiro JMP, Lohmann LG & Melo JIM. (2018) New records of Tabebuia Alliance (Bignoniaceae) for the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89: 625-630.
  • Bureau LE & Schumann KM (1896) Bignoniaceae: Cybistax-Sparattosperma. Flora brasiliensis F. Fleischer, Leipzig. Vol. 8, pars 2, pp. 358.
  • Costa SL, Brito IJN, Lohmann LG & Melo JIM (2019a) New records of tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) for Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Acta Brasiliensis 3:89-96.
  • Francisco PRM, Medeiros RM, Santos D & Matos RM (2015) Classificação climática de Köppen e Thornthwaite para o estado da Paraíba. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 8: 1006-1016.
  • Gentry AH (1980). Bignoniaceae, Part I - Tribes Crescentieae and Tourrettieae. Flora Neotropica, New York. 130p.
  • Gentry AH (1992) Bignoniaceae Part II - Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 362p.
  • Gentry AH (2009) Bignoniaceae. Flora de Colombia. Vol. 25. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. 462p.
  • Gonçalves EG & Lorenzi H (2007) Morfologia vegetal: organografia e dicionário ilustrado de morfologia das plantas vasculares. Plantarum, Nova Odessa. 416p.
  • Harris JG & Harris MW (1994) Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary. Spring Lake, Utah. 198p.
  • IBGE (2019) Instituto Brasileiro Geografia e Estatística. Disponível em <https://www.ibge.gov.br/informacoes-por-cidade-e-estado.html?t=destaques&c=2510709> Access on 09 January 2020.
    » https://www.ibge.gov.br/informacoes-por-cidade-e-estado.html?t=destaques&c=2510709
  • Kaehler M, Michelangeli F & Lohmann LG (2019) Fine tuning the circumscription of Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae). Taxon 68: 1-20.
  • Leal IR, Tabarelli M & Silva JMC (2003) Ecologia e conservação da caatinga. Ed. Universitária da UFPE, Recife. 822p.
  • Lohmann LG (2004) Bignoniaceae. In: Smith N, Mori SA, Henderson, A, Stevenson DW & Heald SV (eds.) Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Pp. 51–53.
  • Lohmann LG (2010). Bignoniaceae. In: Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Forzza RC, Baumgartz JFA, Bicudo CEM, Carvalho Jr. AA, Costa A, Costa DP, Hopkins M, Leitman PM, Lohmann LG, Maia LC, Martinelli G, Menezes M, Morim MP, Nadruz-Coelho MA, Peixoto AL, Pirani JR, Prado J, Queiroz LP, Souza VC, Stehmann JR, Sylvestre LS, Walter BMT & Zappi D (eds.) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Pp. 758-772.
  • Lohmann LG & Ulloa-Ulloa C (2006, onwards). Bignoniaceae. In: iPlants prototype checklist. Available at <http://www.iplants.org> Access on 10 August 2018.
    » http://www.iplants.org
  • Lohmann LG & Pirani JR (1996) Tecomeae: Bignoniaceae da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais e Bahia, Brasil. Acta Botânica Brasilica 10: 103-137.
  • Lohmann LG & Pirani JR (1998) Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Bignoniaceae. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 17: 127-153.
  • Lohmann LG & Pirani JR (2003) Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Bignoniaceae. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 21: 109-121.
  • Lohmann LG & Taylor CM (2014) A new generic classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348-489.
  • Ministério do Meio Ambiente. In: 2ª Atualização das áreas prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade 2018. [S. l], 2017. Disponível em <http://areasprioritarias.mma.gov.br/2-atualizacao-das-areas-prioritarias> Acesso em 27 January 2021.
    » http://areasprioritarias.mma.gov.br/2-atualizacao-das-areas-prioritarias
  • Pereira PH & Mansano VF (2008) Estudos taxonômicos da tribo Tecomeae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brasil. Rodriguésia 59: 265-289.
  • Pool A (2007a) A review of the genus Pithecoctenium (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94: 622–642.
  • Pool A (2007b) A review of the genus Distictis (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94: 791-820.
  • Pool A (2009) A review of the genus Distictella (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96: 286-323.
  • Queiroz LP (2009) Leguminosas da caatinga. Associação Plantas do Nordeste. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 467p.
  • Reiche AP, Mansano VF, Heiden G & Lohmann LG (2020) A tribo Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brasil. Rodriguésia 71: e03202018.
  • Scudeller VV (2004) Bignoniaceae Juss. no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Iheringia, Série Botanica 59: 59-73.
  • Thiers B (2020, continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden᾽s Virtual Herbarium, New York. Available at <http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/>. Access on 22 August 2020.
    » http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
  • Veloso AL, Sampaio EVSB & Pareyn FGC (2002) Ecorregiões propostas para o bioma Caatinga. Associação Plantas do Nordeste, Instituto de Conservação Ambiental, The Nature Conservancy do Brasil, Recife. 76p.

Edited by

Area Editor: Dr. Rafael Pinto

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    03 Dec 2021
  • Date of issue
    2021

History

  • Received
    15 Oct 2020
  • Accepted
    02 Mar 2021
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rua Pacheco Leão, 915 - Jardim Botânico, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel.: (55 21)3204-2148, Fax: (55 21) 3204-2071 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: rodriguesia@jbrj.gov.br