Green Propellants: Oxidizers

Silva, Gilson da; Rufino, Simone Carvalho; Iha, Koshun

doi:10.5028/jatm.v5i2.229

ABSTRACT:

The research for low toxicity and no damage to the environment has stimulated the development of specific investigation lines in many areas. Inevitably, the criteria for safe handling, sensitivity and, above all, specific impulse (efficiencies) of propellant compositions are still superior in relation to ecological appeals. Nowadays, however, the solid or liquid propulsion, as aerospace as military, has already compounds to efficiency and eco-friendly characteristics. This study aimed at describing “green” alternatives to propulsive systems.

KEYWORDS:
Propellant; Ammonium perchlorate; Ammonium dinitramide; Hydrazinium nitroformate; Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene; Glycidyl azide polymer

Full text is available only in PDF.

REFERENCES

Anflo, K. and Wingborg, N., 2000, “Dinitramide based liquid mono-propellants”, World Intellectual Property Organization, WO00/50363 A1.
Benazet, S., et al., 2009, “Preparation of ammonium dinitroamide (and) crystals, and crystals and energetic composites containing them”, US Patents 2009/0090441 A1.
Cesaroni, A.J., et al., 2002, “Propellant system for solid fuel rocket”, US Patents 20020157557 A1.
Gronland, T.A. et al., 2006, “Reactor for decomposition of ammonium dinitramide-based liquid monopropellant and process for the decomposition”, US Patents 7,137,244 B2.
Jones, M.L. and Tzeng, D.D., 2005, “Solid Rocket Propellant”, US Patents 6,905,561 B2.
Kubota, N., 2002, “Propellants and Explosives”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 59-60.
Langlet, A. et al., 1999, “Method of preparing dinitramide acid and salts thereof”, US Patents 5,976,483 A.
Low, G.M. and Haury, V.E., 1973, “Hydrazinium nitroformate propellant with saturated polymeric hydrocarbon binder”, US Patents 3,708,359.
Low, G.M. and Haury, V.E., 1972, “Hydrazinium nitroformate propellant stabilized with nitroguanidine”, US Patents 3,658,608 A.
Mosher, P.R., 1978, “Solvent-less double base propellants and method for plasticizing MTN nitrocellulose propellants without use of solvents”, US Patents 4,082,583 B1.
Muscatelli, F., et al., 2011, “Method for obtaining ADN crystals through crystallization in a viscous medium”, US Patents 2011/0171104 A1.
Nagamachi, M.Y. et al., 2009, “ADN - The new oxidizer around the corner for an environmentally friendly smokeless propellant” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 1, N. 2, pp. 153-160.
Nair, U.R., et al., 2010, “Advances in high energy materials”, Defense Science Journal, Vol. 60, N. 2, pp. 137-151.
Rahn, M., 2010, “Green Propellants”, Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Reed, R.J. and Ciaramitaro, D.A., 2004, “High energy propellant with reduced pollution”, US Patents 6,805,760 B1.
Roland, S., 2007, “Gunpowder comprising ammonium dinitramide contains ethylene-vinyl acetate thermoplastic elastomer as binder”, SE529096 C2.
Schöyer, H.F.R. et al., 1990, “High-performance propellant combinations for a rocket engine”, European Patent Application EP0350136 A2.
Silva, G. and Iha, K., 2012, “Hypergolic systems: a review in patents”, Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 4, N. 4, pp. 407-412.
Stainhauser, G. and Klapötke, T.M., 2008, “Green Pyrotechnics: A chemists’ challenge”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, N. 18, pp. 3330-3347. doi:10.1002/anie.20070510.
» https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20070510
van den Berg, R.P. et al., 2004, “Monopropellant System”, US Patents 20040088910 A1.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Apr-Jun 2013

History

Received
22 Jan 2013
Accepted
26 Mar 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Anflo, K. and Wingborg, N., 2000, “Dinitramide based liquid mono-propellants”, World Intellectual Property Organization, WO00/50363 A1.

[2] Benazet, S., et al., 2009, “Preparation of ammonium dinitroamide (and) crystals, and crystals and energetic composites containing them”, US Patents 2009/0090441 A1.

[3] Cesaroni, A.J., et al., 2002, “Propellant system for solid fuel rocket”, US Patents 20020157557 A1.

[4] Gronland, T.A. et al., 2006, “Reactor for decomposition of ammonium dinitramide-based liquid monopropellant and process for the decomposition”, US Patents 7,137,244 B2.

[5] Jones, M.L. and Tzeng, D.D., 2005, “Solid Rocket Propellant”, US Patents 6,905,561 B2.

[6] Kubota, N., 2002, “Propellants and Explosives”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 59-60.

[7] Langlet, A. et al., 1999, “Method of preparing dinitramide acid and salts thereof”, US Patents 5,976,483 A.

[8] Low, G.M. and Haury, V.E., 1973, “Hydrazinium nitroformate propellant with saturated polymeric hydrocarbon binder”, US Patents 3,708,359.

[9] Low, G.M. and Haury, V.E., 1972, “Hydrazinium nitroformate propellant stabilized with nitroguanidine”, US Patents 3,658,608 A.

[10] Mosher, P.R., 1978, “Solvent-less double base propellants and method for plasticizing MTN nitrocellulose propellants without use of solvents”, US Patents 4,082,583 B1.

[11] Muscatelli, F., et al., 2011, “Method for obtaining ADN crystals through crystallization in a viscous medium”, US Patents 2011/0171104 A1.

[12] Nagamachi, M.Y. et al., 2009, “ADN - The new oxidizer around the corner for an environmentally friendly smokeless propellant” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 1, N. 2, pp. 153-160.

[13] Nair, U.R., et al., 2010, “Advances in high energy materials”, Defense Science Journal, Vol. 60, N. 2, pp. 137-151.

[14] Rahn, M., 2010, “Green Propellants”, Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

[15] Reed, R.J. and Ciaramitaro, D.A., 2004, “High energy propellant with reduced pollution”, US Patents 6,805,760 B1.

[16] Roland, S., 2007, “Gunpowder comprising ammonium dinitramide contains ethylene-vinyl acetate thermoplastic elastomer as binder”, SE529096 C2.

[17] Schöyer, H.F.R. et al., 1990, “High-performance propellant combinations for a rocket engine”, European Patent Application EP0350136 A2.

[18] Silva, G. and Iha, K., 2012, “Hypergolic systems: a review in patents”, Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 4, N. 4, pp. 407-412.

[19] Stainhauser, G. and Klapötke, T.M., 2008, “Green Pyrotechnics: A chemists’ challenge”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, N. 18, pp. 3330-3347. doi:10.1002/anie.20070510.
» https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20070510

[20] van den Berg, R.P. et al., 2004, “Monopropellant System”, US Patents 20040088910 A1.

Brasil