Effect of Fiber Optic Chromatic Dispersion on the Performance of Analog Optical Link with External Modulation Aiming at Aerospace Applications

Ferreira Júnior, Antonio Alves; Coutinho, Olympio Lucchini; Martins, Carla de Sousa; Fegadolli, William dos Santos; Ribeiro, José Antônio Justino; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Oliveira, José Edimar Barbosa

doi:10.5028/jatm.v5i2.201

ABSTRACT:

This paper addresses the subject of fiber optic chromatic dispersion effect on the performance of analog optical link with dual-drive electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator, aiming at aerospace applications. Thus, a direct detection link model that emphasizes both the modulator electronic drive and the dispersion characteristic of a linear optical fiber is discussed. Furthermore, a mathematical approach yielding a rather insightful analysis of the link performance for either optical double or single sideband modulation formats is fully discussed. It is worthwhile to point out that such modeling has the special feature of relying on a uniform nomenclature, which enables one to quickly retrieve a wide range of known results regarding optical fiber link performance that are already available on an ample literature. The model usefulness is illustrated by predicting the performance dependence of a direct detection fiber optic link with respect to the radiofrequency and link length. Results of numerical simulations for a link that comprises commercial optoelectronic components with potential for practical application on electronic warfare field were also provided.

KEYWORDS:
Dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator; Analog fiber optic link; Fiber optic chromatic dispersion; Optical single sideband modulation; Optical double sideband modulation

Full text is available only in PDF.

REFERENCES

Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I., 1965, “Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables”, Dover Publications, New York.
Agrawal, G.P., 2002, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems”, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Capmany, J. et al., 2013, “Microwave Photonic Signal Processing”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 571-586. doi:10.1109/JLT.2012.2222348.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2012.2222348
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» https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.848563
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» https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2007.915653
Corning®, 2002, “SMF-28™ Optical Fiber Product Information”. Retrieved in April 29, 2013, from http://www.photonics.byu.edu/FiberOpticConnectors.parts/images/smf28.pdf
» http://www.photonics.byu.edu/FiberOpticConnectors.parts/images/smf28.pdf
Corral, J.L. et al., 2001, “General expressions for IM/DD dispersive analog optical links with external modulation or optical up-conversion in Mach-Zehnder electrooptical modulator”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 1968-1976. doi:10.1109/22.954816.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/22.954816
Coutinho, O.L. et al., 2005, “Analysis of analog fiber optical links based on DSB+C and SSB+C modulation techniques”, In: International Conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics - SBMO/IEEE MTT-S, pp. 439-443. doi:10.1109/IMOC.2005.1580038.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2005.1580038
Coutinho, O.L. et al., 2011, “Uso de redes de comunicações ópticas para transmissão e distribuição de emissores radar”, In: Simpósio de Aplicações Operacionais em Áreas de Defesa - XIII SIGE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Essiambre, R.J. et al., 2010, “Capacity limits of optical fiber networks”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 662-701. doi:10.1109/JLT.2009.2039464.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2009.2039464
Ferreira Júnior, A.A. et al., 2012, “Effect of fiber optic chromatic dispersion on the performance of analog optical link with dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator”, In: Simpósio de Aplicações Operacionais em Área de Defesa - XIV SIGE, pp. 119-126, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Gliese, U. et al., 1996, “Chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 1716-1724. doi:10.1109/22.538964.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/22.538964
Han, J. et al., 2003, “Reduction of fiber chromatic dispersion effects in fiber-wireless and photonic time-stretching system using polymer modulators”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1504-1509. doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.812155.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2003.812155
Janner, D. et al., 2008, “Waveguide electro-optic modulation in micro-engineered LiNbO₃”, Journal of Optics A, No. 10, pp. 01-06. doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/10/104003.
» https://doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/10/10/104003
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» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2008.922150
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» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2009.2031423
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» https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2009.5379930
Lin, C. et al., 2008, “Impact of nonlinear transfer function and imperfect ratio of MZM on optical up-conversion employing double sideband with carrier suppression modulation”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 26, No. 15, pp. 2449-2459. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.927160.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2008.927160
Morant, M. et al., 2011, “Dual-drive LiNbO3 interferometric Mach-Zehnder architecture with extended linear regime for high peak-toaverage OFDM-based communication systems”, Optics Express, Vol. 19, No. 26, pp. 450-456. doi:10.1364/OE.19.00B452.
» https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.00B452
Oliveira, J.E.B. et al., 1999, “Trends in photonics applied to electronic warfare at Brazilian airforce”, In: International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - SBMO/IEEE MTT-S, pp. 599-602, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. doi:10.1109/IMOC.1999.866252.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.1999.866252
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Smith, G.H. et al., 1997, “Overcoming Chromatic-Dispersion Effects in Fiber-Wireless Systems Incorporating External Modulators”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 1410-1415. doi:10.1109/22.618444.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/22.618444
Urick, V.J. et al., 2011, “Long-Haul Analog Photonics”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1182-1205. doi:10.1109/JLT.2011.2119292.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2119292
Wandel, M. and Kristensen, P., 2006, “Fiber designs for high figure of merit and high slope dispersion compensating fibers”, Journal of Optical and Fiber Communications Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 25-60. doi:10.1007/s10297-005-0061-1.
» https://doi.org/10.1007/s10297-005-0061-1
Winzer, P.J. and Essiambre, R.J., 2006, “Advanced Optical Modulation Formats”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 952-985. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2006.873438.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2006.873438
Wu, P.Y. et al., 2011, “An upconverted phase-modulated fiber optical CATV transport system”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 29, No. 16, pp. 2422-2427. doi:10.1109/JLT.2011.2160330.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2160330
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Yao, J., 2012c, “Microwave Photonics,” In: IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics, Applications and Student Innovation - iWEM, pp. 1-2. doi:10.1109/iWEM.2012.6320333.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/iWEM.2012.6320333
Yariv, A. and Yeh, P., 2007, “Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications”, 6th edition, Oxford University Press, New York.
Zhang, H. et al., 2012a, “Polarization-modulated analog photonic link with compensation of the dispersion-induced power fading”, Optics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 866-868. doi:10.1364/OL.37.000866.
» https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.000866
Zhang, G. et al., 2012b, “Postcompensation for nonlinearity of Mach-Zehnder modulator in radio-over-fiber system based on second-order optical sideband processing”, Optics Letters , Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 806-808. doi:10.1364/OL.37.000806.
» https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.000806

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Apr-Jun 2013

History

Received
20 Nov 2012
Accepted
09 Apr 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I., 1965, “Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables”, Dover Publications, New York.

[2] Agrawal, G.P., 2002, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems”, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

[3] Capmany, J. et al., 2013, “Microwave Photonic Signal Processing”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 571-586. doi:10.1109/JLT.2012.2222348.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2012.2222348

[4] Cheng, L. et al., 2005, “An Exact Analytical Model for Dispersive Transmission in Microwave Fiber-Optic Links Using Mach-Zehnder External Modulator”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 1525-1527. doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.848563.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.848563

[5] Chi, H. and Yao, J., 2008, “Power Distribution of Phase-Modulated Microwave Signals in a Dispersive Fiber-Optic Link”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 315-317. doi:10.1109/LPT.2007.915653.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2007.915653

[6] Corning®, 2002, “SMF-28™ Optical Fiber Product Information”. Retrieved in April 29, 2013, from http://www.photonics.byu.edu/FiberOpticConnectors.parts/images/smf28.pdf
» http://www.photonics.byu.edu/FiberOpticConnectors.parts/images/smf28.pdf

[7] Corral, J.L. et al., 2001, “General expressions for IM/DD dispersive analog optical links with external modulation or optical up-conversion in Mach-Zehnder electrooptical modulator”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 1968-1976. doi:10.1109/22.954816.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/22.954816

[8] Coutinho, O.L. et al., 2005, “Analysis of analog fiber optical links based on DSB+C and SSB+C modulation techniques”, In: International Conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics - SBMO/IEEE MTT-S, pp. 439-443. doi:10.1109/IMOC.2005.1580038.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2005.1580038

[9] Coutinho, O.L. et al., 2011, “Uso de redes de comunicações ópticas para transmissão e distribuição de emissores radar”, In: Simpósio de Aplicações Operacionais em Áreas de Defesa - XIII SIGE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

[10] Essiambre, R.J. et al., 2010, “Capacity limits of optical fiber networks”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 662-701. doi:10.1109/JLT.2009.2039464.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2009.2039464

[11] Ferreira Júnior, A.A. et al., 2012, “Effect of fiber optic chromatic dispersion on the performance of analog optical link with dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator”, In: Simpósio de Aplicações Operacionais em Área de Defesa - XIV SIGE, pp. 119-126, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

[12] Gliese, U. et al., 1996, “Chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 1716-1724. doi:10.1109/22.538964.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/22.538964

[13] Han, J. et al., 2003, “Reduction of fiber chromatic dispersion effects in fiber-wireless and photonic time-stretching system using polymer modulators”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1504-1509. doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.812155.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2003.812155

[14] Janner, D. et al., 2008, “Waveguide electro-optic modulation in micro-engineered LiNbO₃”, Journal of Optics A, No. 10, pp. 01-06. doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/10/104003.
» https://doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/10/10/104003

[15] Kitano, C. and Oliveira, J.E.B., 2000, “Dispositivos à Óptica Integrada para Aplicações em Telecomunicações”, Revista Telecomunicações, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 27-38.

[16] Li, M.J. and Nolan, D.A., 2008, “Optical Transmission Fiber Design Evolution”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 26, No. 9, pp. 10791092. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.922150.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2008.922150

[17] Lim, C. et al., 2010, “Fiber-Wireless Networks and Subsystem Technologies”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 390-405. doi:10.1109/JLT.2009.2031423.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2009.2031423

[18] Lim, W. et al., 2009, “Analytical time-domain model for radio over free space optical military communication systems under turbulence channels”, In: IEEE Communications Conference - MILCOM 2009, Paper 901734, pp. 1-5. doi:10.1109/MILCOM.2009.5379930.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2009.5379930

[19] Lin, C. et al., 2008, “Impact of nonlinear transfer function and imperfect ratio of MZM on optical up-conversion employing double sideband with carrier suppression modulation”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 26, No. 15, pp. 2449-2459. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.927160.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2008.927160

[20] Morant, M. et al., 2011, “Dual-drive LiNbO3 interferometric Mach-Zehnder architecture with extended linear regime for high peak-toaverage OFDM-based communication systems”, Optics Express, Vol. 19, No. 26, pp. 450-456. doi:10.1364/OE.19.00B452.
» https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.00B452

[21] Oliveira, J.E.B. et al., 1999, “Trends in photonics applied to electronic warfare at Brazilian airforce”, In: International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - SBMO/IEEE MTT-S, pp. 599-602, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. doi:10.1109/IMOC.1999.866252.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.1999.866252

[22] Oliveira, J.E.B. and Ribeiro, J.A.J., 2000, “Interfaces para enlaces de fibra óptica de alta velocidade”, Revista Telecomunicações , Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 65-75.

[23] Smith, G.H. et al., 1997, “Overcoming Chromatic-Dispersion Effects in Fiber-Wireless Systems Incorporating External Modulators”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 1410-1415. doi:10.1109/22.618444.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/22.618444

[24] Urick, V.J. et al., 2011, “Long-Haul Analog Photonics”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1182-1205. doi:10.1109/JLT.2011.2119292.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2119292

[25] Wandel, M. and Kristensen, P., 2006, “Fiber designs for high figure of merit and high slope dispersion compensating fibers”, Journal of Optical and Fiber Communications Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 25-60. doi:10.1007/s10297-005-0061-1.
» https://doi.org/10.1007/s10297-005-0061-1

[26] Winzer, P.J. and Essiambre, R.J., 2006, “Advanced Optical Modulation Formats”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 952-985. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2006.873438.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2006.873438

[27] Wu, P.Y. et al., 2011, “An upconverted phase-modulated fiber optical CATV transport system”, Journal of Lightwave Technology , Vol. 29, No. 16, pp. 2422-2427. doi:10.1109/JLT.2011.2160330.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2160330

[28] Yao, J., 2012a, “A tutorial on microwave photonics I”, IEEE Photonics Society Newsletter, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 4-12.

[29] Yao, J., 2012b, “A tutorial on microwave photonics II”, IEEE Photonics Society Newsletter , Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 5-12.

[30] Yao, J., 2012c, “Microwave Photonics,” In: IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics, Applications and Student Innovation - iWEM, pp. 1-2. doi:10.1109/iWEM.2012.6320333.
» https://doi.org/10.1109/iWEM.2012.6320333

[31] Yariv, A. and Yeh, P., 2007, “Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications”, 6th edition, Oxford University Press, New York.

[32] Zhang, H. et al., 2012a, “Polarization-modulated analog photonic link with compensation of the dispersion-induced power fading”, Optics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 866-868. doi:10.1364/OL.37.000866.
» https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.000866

[33] Zhang, G. et al., 2012b, “Postcompensation for nonlinearity of Mach-Zehnder modulator in radio-over-fiber system based on second-order optical sideband processing”, Optics Letters , Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 806-808. doi:10.1364/OL.37.000806.
» https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.000806

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