Surface wettability and roughness of 11 Amazonian tropical hardwoods

Amorim, Marcela Regina Siqueira; Ribeiro, Patrícia Gomes; Martins, Sabrina Andrade; Del Menezzi, Cláudio Henrique Soares; Souza, Mário Rabelo de

doi:10.4322/floram.2012.069

Abstracts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wettability and surface roughness of 11 Amazonian hardwoods. Surface roughness was evaluated by a profilometer, while wettability was measured by a goniometer. Distillated water and phenol-formaldehyde were employed to study wood wettability. A 10-μL drop was placed on the wood surface and the contact angle was measured every 2 seconds for 120 seconds. The Virola michelii and Trattinnickia burserifolia wood specimens analyzed presented different roughness values according to the surface evaluated, radial or tangential. Regarding wettability, Virola michelii wood showed the lowest water contact angle on the tangential surface, while the radial surface presented better wettability for phenol-formaldehyde. The wettability of the species studied was not clearly affected by surface roughness, which depends on wood density.

wettability; contact angle; surface roughness

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a rugosidade e a molhabilidade de 11 espécies de madeiras. A rugosidade da superfície das madeiras foi analisada usando-se o rugosímetro. Para analisar a molhabilidade, foram realizadas medições do ângulo de contato pela gota séssil com o uso de um goniômetro. Água destilada e adesivo fenólico foram os líquidos empregados, sendo que o volume da gota depositada sobre o material foi de 10 μL e as medições realizadas a cada 2 segundos, por um período de 120 segundos. As espécies Virola michelii e Trattinnickia burserifolia apresentaram rugosidade diferente entre as faces radial e tangencial. Em relação à molhabilidade, a espécie Virola michelii apresentou maior molhabilidade na face tangencial para o líquido água, enquanto que para o adesivo fenol-formaldeído a melhor molhabilidade foi na face radial. Nas espécies Brosimum sp. e Chamaecrysta scleroxyllum, a maior molhabilidade se deu na face tangencial. A molhabilidade das espécies estudadas não foi claramente influenciada pela rugosidade da superfície; por outro lado, a mesma variou com o inverso da densidade da madeira.

molhabilidade; ângulo de contato; rugosidade superficial

Arnold M. Planing and Sanding of Wood Surfaces - Effects on Surface Properties and Coating Performance. In: Proceedings PRA's 7th International Woodcoatings Congress; 2010; Middlesex. Middlesex: Hampton; 2010.
Ayrilmis N, Dundar T, Candan Z, Akbulut T. Wettability of fire retardant treated laminated venner lumber (LVL) manufactured from veneers dried at different temperatures. BioResources 2009; 4: 1536-1544.
Boehme C, Hora G. Water absorption and contact angle measurement of native European, North American and tropical wood species to predict gluing properties. Holzforschung 1996; 50: 269-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.3.269
Brisolari A. Estudo da molhabilidade em madeiras tropicais ou de reflorestamento por medidas de ângulo de contato e de permeabilidade [dissertação]. São Carlos: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo; 2008. 98 p.
Burdurlu E, Usta I, Ulupinar M, Aksu B, Erarslan Ç. The effect of the number of blades and grain size of abrasives in planning and sanding on the surface roughness of European black pine and Lombardy poplar. Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry 2005; 25: 315-321.
Buyuksari U, Akbulut T, Guler C, As N. Wettability and surface roughness of natural and plantation-grown narrow-leaved (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. BioResources 2011; 6: 4721-4730.
Buyuksari U, Avci E, Ayrilmis N, Akkilic H. Effect of pine cone ratio on the wettability ad surface roughness of particleboard. BioResources 2010; 5: 1824-1833.
Campos MBS, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR. Flexural properties of wood I-beams flanged with tropical hardwoods. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2012; 24: 359-368.
Clement CR, Higuchi N. A floresta amazônica e o futuro do Brasil. Ciência e Cultura 2006; 58: 44-49.
Comissión Panamericana de Norma Técnicas - COPANT. COPANT 30:1-004: Maderas: método de determinación del peso especifico aparente. Caracas: COPANT; 1971. 7 p.
Cruz MMS. Estudo da molhabilidade da madeira de pinho pela resina ureia-formaldeído [dissertação]. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa; 2006. 200 p.
Del Menezzi CHS, Silveira RR, Souza MR. Estimativa das propriedades de flexão estática de seis espécies de madeiras amazônicas por meio da técnica não-destrutiva de ondas de tensão. Acta Amazonica 2010; 40: 325-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672010000200011
Freeman HA, Wangaard FF. Effect of wettability of wood on glue-line behavior of two urea resins. Forest Products Journal 1960; 9(12): 451-458.
Frihart CR. Wood Adhesion and Adhesives. In: Rowell RM. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites New York: CRC Press; 2005. p. 215-275.
Gray VR. The wettability of wood. Forest Products Journal 1962; 12(9): 452-461.
Iwakiri S, Vianez BF, Weber C, Trianoski R, Almeida VC. Avaliação das propriedades de painéis aglomerados produzidos com resíduos de serrarias de nove espécies de madeiras tropicais da Amazônia. Acta Amazonica 2012; 42: 59-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672012000100007
Kamke FA, Lee JN. Adhesive penetration in wood - A Review. Wood and Fiber Science 2007; 39: 205-220.
Kishino M, Nakano T. Artificial weathering of tropical woods. Part 1: Changes in wettability. Holzforschung 2004; 58: 552-557.
Lee S, Shupe TF, Groom LH, Hse CY. Wetting behaviors of phenol- and urea-formaldehyde resins as compatibilizers. Wood and Fiber Science 2007; 39: 482-492.
Lemaster RL, Taylor JB., High Speed Surface Assessment of Wood and Wood-Based Composites. In: Proceedings of the 14th Wood Machining Seminar; 1999, France. France; 1999. p.
Lu JZ, Wu Q. Surface and interfacial characterization of wood-PVC composite: imaging morphology and wetting behavior. Wood and Fiber Science 2005; 37: 95-111.
Malkoçoglu A. Machining properties and surface roughness of various wood species planed in different conditions. Building and Environment 2007; 42: 2562-2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.028
Marra AA. Technology of wood bonding: principles and practice. Nova Iorque: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1992. 454 p.
Martins SA, Ferraz JM, Santos CMT, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR. Efeito da usinagem na rugosidade da superfície da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. Floresta e Ambiente 2011; 18: 135-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/floram.2011.031
Oliveira RM, Brisolari A, Sales A, Gonçalves D. Wettability, shrinkage and color changes of Araucaria angustifolia after heating treatment. Materials Research 2010; 13: 351-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392010000300012
Piao C, Winandy JE, Shupe TF. From hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity: a critical review: Part I. Wettability and surface Behavior. Wood and Fiber Science 2010; 42: 490-510.
Sheldon S, Gardner D. Dynamic adhesive wettability of wood. Wood and Fiber Science 2001; 33: 58-68.
Santoni I, Pizzo B. Effect of surface conditions related to machining and air exposure on wettability of different Mediterranean wood species. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 2011; 31: 743-753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.07.002
Santos CMT, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR. Properties of thermo-mechanically treated wood from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis BioResources 2012; 7: 1850-1865.
Santos CMT, Del Menezzi CHS. Efeito da gramatura sobre a resistência ao cisalhamento de linha de cola de duas madeiras tropicais: seru (Allantoma lineata) e marupá (Simarouba amara). Floresta 2010; 40: 345-354.
Shupe TF, Hse CY, Wang WH. An investigation of selected factors that influence hardwood wettability. Holzforschung 2001; 55: 541-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/HF.2001.087
Sinn G, Sandak J, Ramananatoandro T. Properties of wood surfaces - characterisation and measurement. A review. Holzforschung 2009; 63: 196-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/HF.2009.016
Soares AC, Oliveira RM, Brisolari A, Sales A, Gonçalves D. Molhabilidade em amostras de Araucaria angustifolia e Pinus elliottii após tratamento térmico e envelhecimento. Scientia Forestalis 2011; 39: 447-456.
Teles RF, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR, Souza F. Effect of nondestructive testing of laminations on the bending properties of glulam beams made from louro-vermelho (Sextonia rubra). Cerne 2010; 16: 77-85.
Teles RF, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR, Souza F. Nondestructive evaluation of a tropical hardwood: interrelationship between methods and physical-acoustical variables. Ciência da Madeira 2011; 2:1-14.
Wålinder M. Wetting phenomena on wood: factors influencing measurements of wood wettability [thesis]. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology; 2000. 70 p.
Wålinder M. Study of Lewis acid-base properties of wood by contact angle analysis. Holzforschung 2002; 56: 363-371.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 July 2013
Date of issue
Mar 2013

History

Received
19 Aug 2012
Accepted
24 Jan 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Arnold M. Planing and Sanding of Wood Surfaces - Effects on Surface Properties and Coating Performance. In: Proceedings PRA's 7th International Woodcoatings Congress; 2010; Middlesex. Middlesex: Hampton; 2010.

[2] Ayrilmis N, Dundar T, Candan Z, Akbulut T. Wettability of fire retardant treated laminated venner lumber (LVL) manufactured from veneers dried at different temperatures. BioResources 2009; 4: 1536-1544.

[3] Boehme C, Hora G. Water absorption and contact angle measurement of native European, North American and tropical wood species to predict gluing properties. Holzforschung 1996; 50: 269-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.3.269

[4] Brisolari A. Estudo da molhabilidade em madeiras tropicais ou de reflorestamento por medidas de ângulo de contato e de permeabilidade [dissertação]. São Carlos: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo; 2008. 98 p.

[5] Burdurlu E, Usta I, Ulupinar M, Aksu B, Erarslan Ç. The effect of the number of blades and grain size of abrasives in planning and sanding on the surface roughness of European black pine and Lombardy poplar. Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry 2005; 25: 315-321.

[6] Buyuksari U, Akbulut T, Guler C, As N. Wettability and surface roughness of natural and plantation-grown narrow-leaved (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. BioResources 2011; 6: 4721-4730.

[7] Buyuksari U, Avci E, Ayrilmis N, Akkilic H. Effect of pine cone ratio on the wettability ad surface roughness of particleboard. BioResources 2010; 5: 1824-1833.

[8] Campos MBS, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR. Flexural properties of wood I-beams flanged with tropical hardwoods. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2012; 24: 359-368.

[9] Clement CR, Higuchi N. A floresta amazônica e o futuro do Brasil. Ciência e Cultura 2006; 58: 44-49.

[10] Comissión Panamericana de Norma Técnicas - COPANT. COPANT 30:1-004: Maderas: método de determinación del peso especifico aparente. Caracas: COPANT; 1971. 7 p.

[11] Cruz MMS. Estudo da molhabilidade da madeira de pinho pela resina ureia-formaldeído [dissertação]. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa; 2006. 200 p.

[12] Del Menezzi CHS, Silveira RR, Souza MR. Estimativa das propriedades de flexão estática de seis espécies de madeiras amazônicas por meio da técnica não-destrutiva de ondas de tensão. Acta Amazonica 2010; 40: 325-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672010000200011

[13] Freeman HA, Wangaard FF. Effect of wettability of wood on glue-line behavior of two urea resins. Forest Products Journal 1960; 9(12): 451-458.

[14] Frihart CR. Wood Adhesion and Adhesives. In: Rowell RM. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites New York: CRC Press; 2005. p. 215-275.

[15] Gray VR. The wettability of wood. Forest Products Journal 1962; 12(9): 452-461.

[16] Iwakiri S, Vianez BF, Weber C, Trianoski R, Almeida VC. Avaliação das propriedades de painéis aglomerados produzidos com resíduos de serrarias de nove espécies de madeiras tropicais da Amazônia. Acta Amazonica 2012; 42: 59-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672012000100007

[17] Kamke FA, Lee JN. Adhesive penetration in wood - A Review. Wood and Fiber Science 2007; 39: 205-220.

[18] Kishino M, Nakano T. Artificial weathering of tropical woods. Part 1: Changes in wettability. Holzforschung 2004; 58: 552-557.

[19] Lee S, Shupe TF, Groom LH, Hse CY. Wetting behaviors of phenol- and urea-formaldehyde resins as compatibilizers. Wood and Fiber Science 2007; 39: 482-492.

[20] Lemaster RL, Taylor JB., High Speed Surface Assessment of Wood and Wood-Based Composites. In: Proceedings of the 14th Wood Machining Seminar; 1999, France. France; 1999. p.

[21] Lu JZ, Wu Q. Surface and interfacial characterization of wood-PVC composite: imaging morphology and wetting behavior. Wood and Fiber Science 2005; 37: 95-111.

[22] Malkoçoglu A. Machining properties and surface roughness of various wood species planed in different conditions. Building and Environment 2007; 42: 2562-2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.028

[23] Marra AA. Technology of wood bonding: principles and practice. Nova Iorque: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1992. 454 p.

[24] Martins SA, Ferraz JM, Santos CMT, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR. Efeito da usinagem na rugosidade da superfície da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. Floresta e Ambiente 2011; 18: 135-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/floram.2011.031

[25] Oliveira RM, Brisolari A, Sales A, Gonçalves D. Wettability, shrinkage and color changes of Araucaria angustifolia after heating treatment. Materials Research 2010; 13: 351-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392010000300012

[26] Piao C, Winandy JE, Shupe TF. From hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity: a critical review: Part I. Wettability and surface Behavior. Wood and Fiber Science 2010; 42: 490-510.

[27] Sheldon S, Gardner D. Dynamic adhesive wettability of wood. Wood and Fiber Science 2001; 33: 58-68.

[28] Santoni I, Pizzo B. Effect of surface conditions related to machining and air exposure on wettability of different Mediterranean wood species. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 2011; 31: 743-753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.07.002

[29] Santos CMT, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR. Properties of thermo-mechanically treated wood from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis BioResources 2012; 7: 1850-1865.

[30] Santos CMT, Del Menezzi CHS. Efeito da gramatura sobre a resistência ao cisalhamento de linha de cola de duas madeiras tropicais: seru (Allantoma lineata) e marupá (Simarouba amara). Floresta 2010; 40: 345-354.

[31] Shupe TF, Hse CY, Wang WH. An investigation of selected factors that influence hardwood wettability. Holzforschung 2001; 55: 541-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/HF.2001.087

[32] Sinn G, Sandak J, Ramananatoandro T. Properties of wood surfaces - characterisation and measurement. A review. Holzforschung 2009; 63: 196-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/HF.2009.016

[33] Soares AC, Oliveira RM, Brisolari A, Sales A, Gonçalves D. Molhabilidade em amostras de Araucaria angustifolia e Pinus elliottii após tratamento térmico e envelhecimento. Scientia Forestalis 2011; 39: 447-456.

[34] Teles RF, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR, Souza F. Effect of nondestructive testing of laminations on the bending properties of glulam beams made from louro-vermelho (Sextonia rubra). Cerne 2010; 16: 77-85.

[35] Teles RF, Del Menezzi CHS, Souza MR, Souza F. Nondestructive evaluation of a tropical hardwood: interrelationship between methods and physical-acoustical variables. Ciência da Madeira 2011; 2:1-14.

[36] Wålinder M. Wetting phenomena on wood: factors influencing measurements of wood wettability [thesis]. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology; 2000. 70 p.

[37] Wålinder M. Study of Lewis acid-base properties of wood by contact angle analysis. Holzforschung 2002; 56: 363-371.

Brasil

Brasil

Surface wettability and roughness of 11 Amazonian tropical hardwoods

Molhabilidade e rugosidade superficial de 11 madeiras tropicais amazônicas

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History