Water uptake and pre-germination treatments in macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata - Arecaceae) seeds

Absorção de água e tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata - Arecaceae)

Abstracts

The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of embryo adjacent tissues in water uptake and treatments to release dormancy in macaw palm seeds. To assess water absorption with or without the opercular tegument (OT), seeds were immersed in water for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, 240, 360, 480 and 720 hours and the water content of isolated embryos and seeds was determined. In seeds with or without OT, gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1 were applied on the OT region using a culture medium. In another experiment, the OT was removed or left intact and the seeds immersed in hydrogen cyanamide solutions (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%). The percentage germination, germination speed index (GSI) and percentage dead seeds were determined. The OT does not prevent embryo water uptake but reduces water absorption speed. The use of GA3 in a culture medium applied to the OT region did not effectively release dormancy. The use of cyanamide at these concentrations increased seed mortality, resulting in a low germination. OT removal increased the GSI.

imbibition; opercular tegument; GA3; hydrogen cyanamide

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de tecidos adjacentes ao embrião na absorção de água pela semente e de tratamentos de superação de dormência em macaúba. Para avaliar a absorção de água, sementes com ou sem a remoção do tegumento opercular (TO) foram imersas em água durante 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, 240, 360, 480 e 720 horas e determinado o teor de água de embriões isolados e sementes. Em sementes submetidas ou não à remoção do TO, aplicou-se ácido giberélico (GA3) (0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg.L-1) sobre a região do TO, tendo meio de cultura como veículo de aplicação. Em outro experimento, sementes com ou sem TO foram imersas em soluções de cianamida (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2 e 2,5%). Foi avaliado o percentual de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e porcentagem de sementes mortas. O TO não impede a absorção de água pelo embrião, mas diminui a velocidade de embebição. O uso de GA3 sobre a região do TO não favorece a germinação e a cianamida hidrogenada nas doses utilizadas aumenta a mortalidade das sementes, proporcionando baixa germinação. A remoção do TO possibilita acréscimo no IVG.

embebição; tegumento opercular; GA3; cianamida hidrogenada

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  21 June 2013
• Date of issue
  2013

History

• Received
  24 May 2012
• Accepted
  26 Sept 2012