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Avaliação clínica da deglutição em unidade de terapia intensiva

Clinical swallowing assessment in intensive care unit

Resumos

OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados da avaliação clínica completa da deglutição em pacientes críticos de um hospital de ensino de grande porte na cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, descritivo, no período de setembro a novembro de 2009, em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de emergências clínicas de trinta leitos, de um hospital terciário de grande porte do Brasil. Foram encaminhados 35 pacientes para a avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica da deglutição. Para a avaliação clínica completa da deglutição na unidade de terapia intensiva, foram preconizados os seguintes protocolos: Protocolo de Avaliação Preliminar (PAP), Protocolo de Avaliação do Risco para Disfagia (PARD) e Protocolo de Introdução e Transição da Alimentação por Via Oral (PITA). RESULTADOS: Neste estudo, foi constatada uma prevalência de 63% de disfagia orofaríngea (DO) na UTI, sendo a maioria destas classificadas como moderada e moderada-grave (39%). Entre os pacientes encaminhados para avaliação da deglutição, 74% apresentaram intubação orotraqueal prévia. A análise estatística revelou as variáveis que poderiam classificar corretamente os pacientes como tendo ou não DO nos testes clínicos. Esses indicadores clínicos incluíram: força da tosse, coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória, gravidade da disfonia e elevação laríngea. Vinte e seis pacientes (74%) completaram todos os protocolos. Desse total, 38% retornaram à dieta regular. CONCLUSÃO: A prática com protocolos padronizados mostra-se como uma importante opção no gerenciamento da disfagia orofaríngea na unidade de terapia intensiva.

Fonoaudiologia; Transtornos da deglutição; Unidades de terapia intensiva; Métodos; Deglutição


PURPOSE: To report the results of the full clinical swallowing assessment in acute-care population in a large Brazilian teaching hospital. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive clinical study was conducted during three months in a 30-bed adult clinical emergency ICU from a large Brazilian teaching hospital. Thirty-five patients consecutively referred to the Speech-Language Pathology Service according to our standard clinical practice were included. A full clinical swallowing assessment was completed and includes a Preliminary Assessment Protocol (PAP), a Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (DREP) and an Oral Feeding Transition Protocol (OFTP). RESULTS: In this study, the prevalence of OD in the ICU setting was of 63%, most of which were classified as moderate and moderate-severe (39%). Patients submitted to orotracheal intubation were very frequently referred to swallowing assessment (74%). The results of the statistical analyses revealed clinical indicators that could correctly classify patients as either having or not having OD on clinical tests. These include cough strength, coordination between breathing and speaking, dysphonia severity, and laryngeal elevation. Twenty six patients (74%) completed all protocols. Of these total, 38% were able to eat a regular diet. CONCLUSION: The practice with standardized protocols adds an important option for the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia in intensive care unit.

Speech, language and hearing sciences; Deglutition disorders; Intensive care units; Methods; Deglutition


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Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    08 Abr 2013
  • Data do Fascículo
    2013

Histórico

  • Recebido
    06 Jul 2011
  • Aceito
    30 Nov 2011
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