Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Abordagem quantitativa por ultrassonografia para análise do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição: revisão integrativa

RESUMO

Objetivo

Sintetizar o estado do conhecimento científico sobre quais medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição são obtidas pela ultrassonografia e como extraí-las.

Estratégia de pesquisa

A pergunta PECO e as combinações de descritores e palavras-chave foram formuladas nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Lilacs.

Critérios de seleção

Foram incluídos os artigos que utilizaram a ultrassonografia para analisar as medidas de movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição, independentemente do idioma, ano de publicação ou presença de alteração na deglutição.

Análise dos dados

Os artigos incluídos foram analisados quanto: ano, local do estudo, desenho do estudo, população, tamanho da amostra, equipamento utilizado, posicionamento do transdutor, medidas obtidas, método de extração e confiabilidade das medidas.

Resultados

Vinte e seis artigos cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade. A medida mais frequente foi a de amplitude máxima do movimento, seguida de tempo e velocidade. Houve grande variabilidade quanto à população de estudo, equipamentos utilizados, posicionamento do transdutor e método de extração das medidas, não sendo possível estabelecer padronização. O nível de confiabilidade foi investigado em apenas oito artigos.

Conclusão

Amplitude, tempo e velocidade são as medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição que podem ser obtidas por ultrassonografia. Não há padronização dos métodos de extração dessas medidas.

Descritores:
Deglutição; Transtornos de Deglutição; Ultrassonografia; Osso Hioide; Movimento

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To synthesize the scientific knowledge on which measurements of hyoid bone movement during swallowing are obtained by ultrasonography and how to extract these measures.

Research strategies

The PECO question and combinations of descriptors and keywords were formulated in the electronic databases Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Lilacs.

Selection criteria

Articles that used ultrasonography to analyze measurements of hyoid bone movement during swallowing were included, regardless of language, year of publication, or presence of deglutition disorders.

Data analysis

The included articles were analyzed for: year, study site, study design, population, sample size, equipment used, transducer positioning, measurements obtained, method of extraction, and reliability of measurements.

Results

Twenty-six articles met the eligibility criteria. The most frequent measurement was hyoid movement maximum amplitude, followed by time and velocity. There was great variability in the study population, equipment used, positioning of the transducer and method of extraction of the measurements. Thus, it was not possible to find a standard model to extract the measures. The level of reliability was investigated in only eight articles.

Conclusion

Amplitude, time and velocity are the measures of hyoid bone movement during swallowing that can be obtained by ultrasonography. There is no standardization on how to extract these measurements.

Keywords:
Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Ultrasonography; Hyoid Bone; Movement

INTRODUÇÃO

Na disfagia orofaríngea ocorrem mudanças no desempenho da deglutição que podem comprometer a eficiência e segurança na ingestão alimentar(11 Real CS, Balbinot J, Signorini AV, Hübner LS, de Castro Machado G, Dornelles S. Characterization of posterior leakage in swallowing. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190072. PMid:32049105.,22 Crary MA, Groher ME. Reinstituting oral feeding in tube-fed adult patients with dysphagia. Nutr Clin Pract. 2006;21(6):576-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0115426506021006576. PMid:17119164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01154265060210...
), com possibilidade de acometer o estado nutricional, acarretar complicações pulmonares, desidratação, desnutrição e, em casos mais graves, pneumonia e óbito(22 Crary MA, Groher ME. Reinstituting oral feeding in tube-fed adult patients with dysphagia. Nutr Clin Pract. 2006;21(6):576-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0115426506021006576. PMid:17119164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01154265060210...
). Um dos fatores precursores para que o mecanismo dessa função aconteça de modo adequado é o movimento elíptico do osso hioide a partir da contração da musculatura suprahioidea que promove tanto a elevação como a anteriorização hiolaríngea(33 Pearson WG Jr, Langmore SE, Zumwalt AC. Evaluating the structural properties of suprahyoid muscles and their potential for moving the hyoid. Dysphagia. 2011;26(4):345-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-010-9315-z. PMid:21069388.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-010-931...
,44 Steele CM, Bailey GL, Chau T, Molfenter SM, Oshalla M, Waito AA, et al. The relationship between hyoid and laryngeal displacement and swallowing impairment. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011;36(1):30-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02219.x. PMid:21414151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.20...
).

O movimento do osso hioide possui um importante papel na fase faríngea da deglutição, pois dá suporte à proteção de vias aéreas inferiores ao colaborar para a adução glótica e abaixamento da cartilagem epiglote durante a elevação, assim como auxilia no relaxamento do segmento faringoesofágico durante a anteriorização(44 Steele CM, Bailey GL, Chau T, Molfenter SM, Oshalla M, Waito AA, et al. The relationship between hyoid and laryngeal displacement and swallowing impairment. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011;36(1):30-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02219.x. PMid:21414151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.20...

5 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....

6 Perlman AL, Booth BM, Grayhack JP. Videofluoroscopic predictors of aspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1994;9(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593. PMid:8005013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593...

7 Ishida R, Palmer J, Hiiemae K. Hyoid motion during swallowing: factors affecting forward and upward displacement. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):262-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0064-5. PMid:12355141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-006...
-88 Kim Y, McCullough GH. Maximum hyoid displacement in normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):274-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9135-y. PMid:17962998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-913...
). Alterações na sincronia espaço-temporal do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição podem contribuir para a incidência de resíduos faríngeos (alteração na eficiência)(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,66 Perlman AL, Booth BM, Grayhack JP. Videofluoroscopic predictors of aspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1994;9(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593. PMid:8005013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593...
) e aumento da probabilidade de aspiração (alteração na segurança)(77 Ishida R, Palmer J, Hiiemae K. Hyoid motion during swallowing: factors affecting forward and upward displacement. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):262-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0064-5. PMid:12355141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-006...
).

Portanto, com a finalidade de dimensionar esses achados clínicos, estudos apresentam a importância de desenvolver métodos quantitativos confiáveis para analisar os eventos biomecânicos da deglutição(77 Ishida R, Palmer J, Hiiemae K. Hyoid motion during swallowing: factors affecting forward and upward displacement. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):262-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0064-5. PMid:12355141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-006...
,88 Kim Y, McCullough GH. Maximum hyoid displacement in normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):274-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9135-y. PMid:17962998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-913...
). Essas medidas quantitativas de movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição já tem sido amplamente utilizadas em exames de diagnóstico como a Videofluoroscopia da Deglutição (VFD)(99 Zhang Z, Coyle JL, Sejdić E. Automatic hyoid bone detection in fluoroscopic images using deep learning. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30182-6. PMid:30120314.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-301...

10 Nagy A, Molfenter SM, Péladeau-Pigeon M, Stokely S, Steele CM. The effect of bolus consistency on hyoid velocity in healthy swallowing. Dysphagia. 2015;30(4):445-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9621-6. PMid:26048615.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-962...

11 Garmendia Merino G, Bascuñana Ambrós H. The importance of the quantification of hyoid displacement in the evaluation of the score and evolution of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed). 2019;70(6):327-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otoeng.2018.08.002. PMid:30686483.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otoeng.2018....

12 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
-1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
) e a Ultrassonografia (USG)(66 Perlman AL, Booth BM, Grayhack JP. Videofluoroscopic predictors of aspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1994;9(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593. PMid:8005013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593...
,88 Kim Y, McCullough GH. Maximum hyoid displacement in normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):274-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9135-y. PMid:17962998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-913...
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,1515 Molfenter SM, Steele CM. Kinematic and temporal factors associated with penetration-aspiration in swallowing liquids. Dysphagia. 2014;29(2):269-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-013-9506-5. PMid:24445381.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-013-950...
) Embora a VFD seja o método instrumental considerado padrão de referência por permitir a análise de todas as fases da deglutição, a USG tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como um exame instrumental complementar que permite extrair medidas cinemáticas, temporais e de intervalo relacionadas ao movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição(1616 Ahn SY, Cho KH, Beom J, Park DJ, Jee S, Nam JH. Reliability of ultrasound evaluation of hyoid-larynx approximation with positional change. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41(5):1221-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.010. PMid:25616584.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
).

A USG é um procedimento não invasivo, sem emissão de radiação ionizante, que pode ser realizado com pacientes no leito utilizando alimentos reais sem contraste(1717 Huang YL, Hsieh SF, Chang YC, Chen HC, Wang TG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of hyoid-larynx approximation in dysphagic stroke patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2009;35(7):1103-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.02.006. PMid:19427098.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,1818 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...
). Este tipo de avaliação pode ser utilizado para estimar a eficiência da reabilitação em indivíduos com disfagia(1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
) e permite realizar uma análise quantitativa quadro a quadro do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição(2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
). A sombra acústica gerada pelo osso hioide no exame de USG possibilita a obtenção de medidas relacionadas à excursão do osso hioide durante a deglutição(2121 Kuhl V, Eicke BM, Dieterich M, Urban PP. Sonographic analysis of laryngeal elevation during swallowing. J Neurol. 2003;250(3):333-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-1007-2. PMid:12638025.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-100...
,2222 Lynch CS, Chammas MC, Mansur LL, Cerri GG. Biomecânica ultra-sonográfica da deglutição: estudo preliminar. Radiol Bras. 2008;41(4):241-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842008000400008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842008...
), como, por exemplo, medidas temporais(88 Kim Y, McCullough GH. Maximum hyoid displacement in normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):274-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9135-y. PMid:17962998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-913...
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
) e de amplitude(1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
,2222 Lynch CS, Chammas MC, Mansur LL, Cerri GG. Biomecânica ultra-sonográfica da deglutição: estudo preliminar. Radiol Bras. 2008;41(4):241-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842008000400008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842008...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
). Para que essa abordagem quantitativa ocorra de modo válido, confiável e reprodutível no meio científico e clínico é recomendável padronizar as medidas e o método de extração a partir do exame(2424 Allen JE, Clunie G, Ma JK, Coffey M, Winiker K, Richmond S, et al. Translating ultrasound into clinical practice for the assessment of swallowing and laryngeal function: a speech and language pathology-led consensus study. Dysphagia. 2022;37(6):1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-022-10413-9. PMid:35201387.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-022-104...
).

OBJETIVO

O objetivo deste estudo é sintetizar o estado do conhecimento científico sobre quais medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição são obtidas pela ultrassonografia e como extraí-las.

ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA

Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura do tipo integrativa, dessa forma, não foi necessário submetê-lo à avaliação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa em Seres Humanos da instituição. Foram seguidos os procedimentos metodológicos para este tipo de revisão de acordo com as etapas recomendadas na literatura.

A pergunta de pesquisa foi formulada seguindo o acrônimo PECO, que representa os elementos População, Exposição, Comparação e Desfecho, respectivamente. O elemento (P) corresponde aos “indivíduos adultos com ou sem alterações na deglutição”; o segundo elemento (E) corresponde ao “exame de ultrassonografia”; o terceiro elemento (C) não foi aplicado nesta revisão; e o quarto elemento (O) foram as “medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição obtidas por ultrassonografia e o seu método de extração”. Assim, a pergunta de pesquisa foi definida como: “Quais as medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição são obtidas por ultrassonografia e como elas são extraídas em indivíduos adultos com ou sem alterações na deglutição?”

A busca nas bases de dados ocorreu em abril de 2021 e incluiu as bases eletrônicas Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus e Lilacs, todas amplamente reconhecidas na área da saúde. Além disso, foi realizada uma busca adicional nas referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados. As estratégias de busca foram feitas por meio das combinações entre palavras-chave e descritores do Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) e nos Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) (Apêndice 1 Apêndice 1 Estratégias de busca utilizadas nas bases de dados Base de dados Descritores Resultados Pubmed/Medline ((“deglutition”[MeSH Terms] OR “deglutition”[All Fields] OR “deglutitions”[All Fields] OR “swallowing”[All Fields] OR “swallowings”[All Fields] OR “swallow”[All Fields] OR “swallows”[All Fields] OR “deglutition disorders”[MeSH Terms] OR “deglutition disorders”[All Fields] OR “deglutition disorder”[All Fields] OR “swallowing disorder”[All Fields] OR “swallowing disorders”[All Fields] OR “dysphagia”[All Fields]) AND (“hyoid bone”[MeSH Terms] OR “hyoid”[All Fields]) AND (“ultrasonography”[MeSH Terms] OR “ultrasonography”[All Fields] OR “diagnostic ultrasound”[All Fields] OR “ultrasound”[All Fields] OR “ultrasounds”[All Fields] OR “ultrasound imaging”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonic imaging”[All Fields] OR “medical sonography”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonographic imaging”[All Fields] OR “echography”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonic diagnoses”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonic diagnosis”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonics”[All Fields] OR “sonographic”[All Fields])) 61 resultados EMBASE (‘dysphagia’/exp OR ‘swallowing’/exp) AND (‘echography’/exp OR ‘ultrasound’/exp) AND (‘hyoid bone’/exp) 98 resultados Web of Science (TS=((“deglutition” OR “deglutitions” OR “swallowing” OR “swallowings” OR “swallow” OR “swallows” OR “deglutition disorders” OR “deglutition disorder” OR “swallowing disorder” OR “swallowing disorders” OR “dysphagia”) AND (“hyoid bone” OR “hyoid”) AND (“ultrasonography” OR “diagnostic ultrasound” OR “ultrasound” OR “ultrasound imaging” OR “ultrasonic imaging” OR “medical sonography” OR “ultrasonographic imaging” OR “echography” OR “ultrasonic diagnoses” OR “ultrasonic diagnosis” OR “ultrasonics” OR “sonographic”))) 51 resultados Scopus (TITLE-ABS-KEY (deglutition OR deglutitions OR swallowing OR swallowingsOR swallow OR swallows OR “deglutition AND disorders” OR “deglutition AND disorder” OR “swallowing AND disorder” OR “swallowing AND disorders” OR dysphagia) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“hyoid AND bone” OR “hyoid” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (ultrasonography OR “diagnostic AND ultrasound” OR ultrasound OR ultrasounds)) 78 resultados Legenda: AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; CCI: coeficiente de correlação intraclasse; OH: osso hioide; USG: ultrassonografia ).

As referências foram gerenciadas e os artigos duplicados foram removidos com auxílio do software EndNote Web® (Clarivate, Thompson Reuters, New York, NY, USA). Todas as buscas foram realizadas em 12 de maio de 2021. O aplicativoRayyan (Qatar Computing Research Institute) foi utilizado como uma ferramenta de arquivamento, organização e seleção dos artigos entre os revisores.

CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO

Para esta revisão foram aplicados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos que utilizaram a ultrassonografia para analisar as medidas quantitativas de movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição em adultos com idade igual ou acima de 18 anos, independentemente do idioma, ano de publicação ou presença de alteração na deglutição. Foram aplicados os seguintes critérios de exclusão: (1) artigos de revisão, editoriais, cartas ao editor, anais de congresso, teses e dissertações; (2) artigos que avaliaram o movimento do osso hioide por meio de análises estritamente descritivas; (3) artigos que incluíram a população adulta e infantil sem separar os resultados por faixa etária.

ANÁLISE DOS DADOS

Os artigos foram selecionados por dois pesquisadores independentemente, que compararam suas análises e quando ocorreram divergências, estas foram resolvidas por um terceiro avaliador. Após a extração dos artigos nas bases de dados e filtragem dos duplicados, seguiu-se para a triagem com leitura dos títulos e resumos, sendo excluídos aqueles que não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão.

Os demais artigos que atendiam aos critérios de elegibilidade ou que geraram alguma dúvida, foram submetidos à leitura do texto completo. As listas de referências dos artigos selecionados foram consultadas em busca de estudos que não haviam sido coletados anteriormente.

Os artigos que atendiam aos critérios de elegibilidade foram submetidos à extração dos seguintes dados: autor, ano e local do estudo, desenho do estudo, população, tamanho da amostra, objetivo, dispositivo utilizado, posicionamento do transdutor da ultrassonografia, medidas relacionadas ao movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição, método de extração das medidas e confiabilidade/acurácia das medidas.

RESULTADOS

Utilizando-se as estratégias de pesquisa supracitadas, foram localizados 296 artigos. Após a triagem por títulos e resumos, seguida pela leitura do texto completo, a amostra final foi constituída por 26 artigos(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....

13 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
-1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...

26 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...

27 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...

30 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...

31 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....

32 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...

33 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...

34 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...

35 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...

37 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...

39 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...

40 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...

41 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...

42 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
-4343 Li CM, Wang TG, Lee HY, Wang HP, Hsieh SH, Chou M, et al. Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia. PM R. 2016;8(8):773-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01...
). Este processo está esquematizado na Figura 1.

Figura 1
Fluxograma de seleção dos artigos

Os estudos incluídos foram analisados de acordo com os dados apresentados na matriz de análise (Quadro 1).

Quadro 1
Matriz de análise dos estudos que utilizaram a ultrassonografia para avaliar medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição

Dentre as publicações incluídas, duas(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...
) foram classificados como caso-controle, uma(2626 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...
) como coorte e 23(1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....

13 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
-1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...

30 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...

31 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....

32 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...

33 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...

34 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...

35 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...

37 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...

39 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...

40 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...

41 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...

42 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
-4343 Li CM, Wang TG, Lee HY, Wang HP, Hsieh SH, Chou M, et al. Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia. PM R. 2016;8(8):773-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01...
)como transversal. A maior parte dos artigos foram de origem norte-americana(1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2828 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
-3030 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...
,3535 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...
-3737 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...
,3939 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
)e asiática(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2626 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.,3131 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....
,3232 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
,4141 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...

42 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
-4343 Li CM, Wang TG, Lee HY, Wang HP, Hsieh SH, Chou M, et al. Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia. PM R. 2016;8(8):773-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01...
).

Houve maior concentração de estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2021(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2626 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.,3030 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...

31 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....

32 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...

33 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...
-3434 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...
,3838 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...
,4040 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...
,4242 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
,4343 Li CM, Wang TG, Lee HY, Wang HP, Hsieh SH, Chou M, et al. Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia. PM R. 2016;8(8):773-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01...
), seguido pelo período entre 2000 e 2010(2828 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...
,2929 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
,4141 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...
), 1990 a 1999(1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...
,3737 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...
) e 1980 a 1989(3535 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...
,3636 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...
,3939 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
). O tamanho da amostra variou entre um(1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
) e 120(2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...
) participantes e a maioria dos estudos foi realizada apenas com indivíduos sem disfagia ou doença associada(1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
,1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...

26 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...

27 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
-3030 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...
,3333 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...

34 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...

35 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...

37 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...

39 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...

40 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...

41 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...
-4242 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
). Metade dos artigos incluídos não especificou a frequência absoluta da amostra de acordo com o sexo e naqueles que incluíram a informação(1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2828 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
-3030 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...
,3232 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
,3333 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...
,3535 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...
,3737 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...
-3939 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
,4242 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
) os grupos foram mistos em sua maioria.

Houve alta variabilidade quanto aos equipamentos e os tipos e frequências dos transdutores utilizados para realizar o exame de ultrassonografia, havendo semelhança apenas quando os artigos eram do mesmo grupo de pesquisa, o que inviabilizou estabelecer qualquer padronização em relação a esses parâmetros. Já o posicionamento do transdutor foi mais frequente na região submandibular (55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2626 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...

27 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...

30 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...
-3131 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....
,3333 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...

34 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...

35 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...

37 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...

39 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
-4040 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...
,4343 Li CM, Wang TG, Lee HY, Wang HP, Hsieh SH, Chou M, et al. Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia. PM R. 2016;8(8):773-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01...
), seguido da região laríngea(1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,3232 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
,4141 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...
,4242 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
). Um estudo não especificou o posicionamento(2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...
).

As medidas mais investigadas, por ordem crescente de frequência, foram amplitude(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1313 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M, Nakatani K, Mori N. Evaluation of swallowing movement using ultrasonography. Radiological Phys Technol. 2020;13(1):62-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00547-1. PMid:31786806.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-005...
,1919 Cordaro MA, Sonies BC. An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993;40(8):841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473. PMid:8258453.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.238473...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...

29 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...

30 Feng X, Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Bargoil JH, Hu Y, Butler SG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(8):1886-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224. PMid:25739655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25224...

31 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....

32 Matsuo T, Matsuyama M. Detection of poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia with swallowing screening by ultrasonography. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248770. PMid:33730038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...

33 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...
-3434 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...
,3737 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...
,4040 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...

41 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...

42 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
-4343 Li CM, Wang TG, Lee HY, Wang HP, Hsieh SH, Chou M, et al. Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia. PM R. 2016;8(8):773-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01...
), tempo(55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...

26 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...

27 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...
-2929 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
,3535 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...

37 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...
-3939 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
,4141 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...
,4242 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
), e velocidade(26,-29,37). Entretanto, os métodos para extração foram heterogêneos, com uso de diferentes softwares de apoio à análise de imagens decompostas em quadros, e distintos métodos de marcação de pontos de referência anatômicos (Quadro 1). O nível de confiabilidade foi investigado em apenas seis artigos (1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.,4040 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...
), em sua maioria por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) com resultados que variaram de moderado a excelente (Quadro 1).

DISCUSSÃO

Esta revisão sintetizou quais as medidas do movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição são obtidas por USG em pessoas adultas com ou sem disfagia, assim como seus métodos de extração. Foi possível identificar maior frequência de estudos que medem amplitude do movimento, seguido por tempo e velocidade. Além disso, foi evidenciada a ausência de padronização dos métodos para obtenção e análise dessas medidas.

Os resultados apontaram que o uso da USG para analisar medidas de movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição tem sido cada vez mais recorrente ao longo das décadas, principalmente em estudos nos Estados Unidos, ainda que outros países também se destaquem. Esse achado denota o aumento do interesse de pesquisadores e clínicos em encontrar instrumentos ainda pouco difundidos que possam agregar benefícios ao manejo do paciente disfágico. Além disso, é necessário ponderar que esse cenário também é influenciado pelo impulso do acelerado avanço tecnológico na área da saúde nos últimos anos, o que permite desenvolver ou aprimorar técnicas, procedimentos e instrumentos a serem incorporados na prática clínica e de pesquisa.

Embora esses aspectos sejam positivos, este estudo evidenciou que o uso da USG para medir o movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição ainda não possui procedimentos padronizados. Ainda que o uso da USG com abordagem quantitativa para avaliação de aspectos relacionados à deglutição seja descrito desde a década de 80(3535 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...
,3636 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...
,3939 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
), a sua transposição para a prática clínica permanece desafiadora, considerando que não é um procedimento usualmente explorado para essa finalidade na formação dos profissionais que atuam com disfagia(2424 Allen JE, Clunie G, Ma JK, Coffey M, Winiker K, Richmond S, et al. Translating ultrasound into clinical practice for the assessment of swallowing and laryngeal function: a speech and language pathology-led consensus study. Dysphagia. 2022;37(6):1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-022-10413-9. PMid:35201387.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-022-104...
).

Quanto aos parâmetros quantitativos investigados nos estudos incluídos nesta revisão, as medidas de tempo, velocidade e amplitude do movimento, em especial esta última, despontam como os principais desfechos do exame ultrassonográfico. Porém, os equipamentos utilizados e os métodos para obtenção e análise das medidas ainda são bastante heterogêneos ou descritos de modo incipiente, o que compromete a reprodutibilidade e dificulta a transposição do exame para o contexto clínico.

A heterogeneidade dos equipamentos utilizados, incluindo os transdutores, é uma característica que limita comparações entre os estudos, tendo em vista que cada aparelho possui uma taxa de visualização, matriz e frequência diferentes, o que pode impactar na marcação das estruturas de interesse. Quanto ao posicionamento do transdutor, pode-se concluir que as regiões laríngea e submandibular foram as mais utilizadas, sendo a última mais frequente. Ainda que na mesma região, os marcadores anatômicos podem ser diferentes e interferirem no resultado da imagem que será analisada. Chama a atenção o fato de que entre os poucos estudos que estimaram a confiabilidade(1212 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Wang YC, Fu CP, Wang TG. Reliability of ultrasonography in evaluating hyoid bone movement. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01.002. PMid:30065466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmu.2017.01....
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.,4040 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...
), os níveis mais altos ficaram entre os que posicionaram o transdutor na região submandibular. Contudo, não é possível comprovar se existe uma relação direta entre o posicionamento do transdutor e a confiabilidade apenas a partir dos dados desta revisão.

A medida de amplitude máxima alcançada pelo osso hioide durante a deglutição foi a mais investigada, ainda que os pontos de referência para obtenção dessa medida tenham sido distintos. Além de marcadores na própria estrutura do osso hioide ou na sombra acústica gerada por ele na imagem ultrassonográfica, foram utilizados a mandíbula (2020 Hsiao MY, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang HY, Wang TG. Application of Ultrasonography in Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(9):1522-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.017. PMid:22698507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio...
,2727 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.,3131 Lee YS, Lee KE, Kang Y, Yi TI, Kim JS. Usefulness of submental ultrasonographic evaluation for dysphagia patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.197. PMid:27152268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2....
,4040 Winiker K, Burnip E, Gozdzikowska K, Guiu Hernandez E, Hammond R, Macrae P, et al. Ultrasound: validity of a pocket-sized system in the assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2021;36(6):1010-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10232-w. PMid:33389177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-102...
), o corpo vertebral cervical(4444 Logemann JA. Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders. Nerang: Pro-Ed Australia; 1983.) e musculaturas adjacentes(2323 Macrae PR, Doeltgen SH, Jones RD, Huckabee ML. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):74-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874. PMid:21953135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20874...
,2929 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
,3333 Perry SE, Winkelman CJ, Huckabee ML. Variability in ultrasound measurement of hyoid bone displacement and submental muscle size using 2 methods of data acquisition. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(5):205-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876. PMid:28456801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473876...
,3434 Rocha SG, Silva RG, Berti LC. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing. CoDAS. 2015;27(5):437-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015015. PMid:26648214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2015...
). Algo que pode explicar a amplitude máxima ter sido a medida mais investigada é que ela reflete diretamente o quanto o osso hioide consegue se distanciar do seu ponto de repouso enquanto o indivíduo deglute. Este dado é tradicionalmente considerado relevante no diagnóstico da disfagia orofaríngea, pois está relacionado com a integridade da proteção de vias aéreas inferiores e clearance faríngeo(33 Pearson WG Jr, Langmore SE, Zumwalt AC. Evaluating the structural properties of suprahyoid muscles and their potential for moving the hyoid. Dysphagia. 2011;26(4):345-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-010-9315-z. PMid:21069388.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-010-931...

4 Steele CM, Bailey GL, Chau T, Molfenter SM, Oshalla M, Waito AA, et al. The relationship between hyoid and laryngeal displacement and swallowing impairment. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011;36(1):30-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02219.x. PMid:21414151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.20...

5 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....

6 Perlman AL, Booth BM, Grayhack JP. Videofluoroscopic predictors of aspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1994;9(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593. PMid:8005013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593...

7 Ishida R, Palmer J, Hiiemae K. Hyoid motion during swallowing: factors affecting forward and upward displacement. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):262-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0064-5. PMid:12355141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-006...
-88 Kim Y, McCullough GH. Maximum hyoid displacement in normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):274-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9135-y. PMid:17962998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-913...
). Além disso, dentre as medidas encontradas, a amplitude é a mais simples de ser analisada em termos operacionais, o que pode ter favorecido seu uso mais frequente.

No que diz respeito às medidas temporais, pode-se observar que a medida mais investigada pelos estudos foi o intervalo de tempo entre o início do movimento do osso hioide para a deglutição até a sua amplitude máxima na trajetória (55 Kwak HJ, Kim L, Ryu BJ, Kim YH, Park SW, Cho DG, et al. Influence of nasogastric tubes on swallowing in stroke patients: measuring hyoid bone movement with ultrasonography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018;42(4):551-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.551. PMid:30180524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4....
,1414 Costa BOI, Rodrigues DSB, de Magalhães DDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, et al. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy. Dysphagia. 2020;36:659-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5. PMid:32889628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-101...
,2525 Dejaeger E, Pelemans W. Swallowing and the duration of the hyoid movement in normal adults of different ages. Aging (Milano). 1996;8(2):130-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567. PMid:8737612.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03339567...

26 Chen YC, Chen PY, Wang YC, Wang TG, Han DS. Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01832-0. PMid:33087067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-018...

27 Chen YC, Hsiao MY, Chen PY, Wang TG. Effects of age on the speed of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Int J Gerontol. 2019;13:344-8.

28 Chi-Fishman G, Sonies BC. Effects of systematic bolus viscosity and volume changes on Hyoid Movement Kinematics Gloria. Dysphagia. 2002;17(4):278-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0070-7. PMid:12355143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-007...
-2929 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
,3535 Shawker TH, Sonies B, Hall TE, Baum BF. Ultrasound analysis of tongue hyoid and larynx activity during swallowing. Invest Radiol. 1984;19(2):82-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198403000-00003. PMid:6398320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-19840...

36 Sonies BC, Ph D, Parent LJ, Morrish K, Ph D, Baum BJ, et al. Durational aspects of the oral-pharyngeal phase of swallow in normal adults. Dysphagia. 1988;3(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274. PMid:3073915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406274...

37 Sonies BC, Wang C, Sapper DJ. Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(9):1169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00158-5. PMid:9123641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(96)...

38 Steele C, Sasse C, Bressmann T. Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(1):77-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00082.x. PMid:22268903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...
-3939 Stone M, Shawker TH. An ultrasound examination of tongue movement during swallowing. Dysphagia. 1986;1(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118. PMid:3527582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407118...
,4141 Yabunaka K, Ohue M, Hashimoto T, Katsuda T, Yamamoto K, Sanada S. Sonographic analysis of hyoid bone movement during swallowing. IFMBE Proc. 2009;22:840-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-8920...
,4242 Yabunaka K, Sanada H, Sanada S, Konishi H, Hashimoto T, Yatake H, et al. Sonographic assessment of hyoid bone movement during swallowing: A study of normal adults with advancing age. Radiological Phys Technol. 2011;4(1):73-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-0107-9. PMid:20945118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-010-010...
). Vale destacar essa medida, pois é um dos indicadores para o risco de penetração ou aspiração(66 Perlman AL, Booth BM, Grayhack JP. Videofluoroscopic predictors of aspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1994;9(2):90-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593. PMid:8005013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714593...
), visto que, a diminuição no tempo de amplitude pode comprometer o movimento da epiglote prejudicando a proteção da via aérea e, por conseguinte, também dificultar a abertura do segmento faringoesofágico para passagem do bolo alimentar(4444 Logemann JA. Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders. Nerang: Pro-Ed Australia; 1983.).

A maior parte dos estudos incluídos foi realizada com indivíduos saudáveis e investigou as medidas em relação à idade, volume e consistência do bolo alimentar, uma vez que a deglutição passa por mudanças com o avançar da idade(4444 Logemann JA. Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders. Nerang: Pro-Ed Australia; 1983.) e torna-se relevante analisar as inter-relações entre os parâmetros cinemáticos para entender como ocorrem as estratégias de controle motor mediante ajustes de volume e consistência(2929 Chi-fishman G, Sonies BC. Kinematic strategies for hyoid movement in rapid sequential swallowing. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Jun;45(3):457-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036). PMID: 12068999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002...
).

Os níveis de confiabilidade encontrados, ainda que aceitáveis, não são comparáveis entre os estudos, já que os métodos são distintos. Vale destacar que a análise das imagens ultrassonográficas é perceptivo-visual, requer treinamento e a maioria dos estudos realizou as marcações e análises com processos não automatizados. Todos esses aspectos constituem vieses para os níveis de confiabilidade inter e intra-avaliadores. Nesta revisão não avaliamos os desfechos das medidas, mas salientamos que as mesmas devem ser analisadas e interpretadas considerando as características da população estudada.

CONCLUSÃO

A medida de movimento do osso hioide durante a deglutição mais investigada por meio da ultrassonografia é a amplitude, seguida por tempo e velocidade. O método de extração das medidas não é padronizado no que se refere aos equipamentos utilizados, posicionamento do transdutor e os procedimentos de análise das imagens.

Apêndice 1 Estratégias de busca utilizadas nas bases de dados

Base de dados Descritores Resultados
Pubmed/Medline ((“deglutition”[MeSH Terms] OR “deglutition”[All Fields] OR “deglutitions”[All Fields] OR “swallowing”[All Fields] OR “swallowings”[All Fields] OR “swallow”[All Fields] OR “swallows”[All Fields] OR “deglutition disorders”[MeSH Terms] OR “deglutition disorders”[All Fields] OR “deglutition disorder”[All Fields] OR “swallowing disorder”[All Fields] OR “swallowing disorders”[All Fields] OR “dysphagia”[All Fields]) AND (“hyoid bone”[MeSH Terms] OR “hyoid”[All Fields]) AND (“ultrasonography”[MeSH Terms] OR “ultrasonography”[All Fields] OR “diagnostic ultrasound”[All Fields] OR “ultrasound”[All Fields] OR “ultrasounds”[All Fields] OR “ultrasound imaging”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonic imaging”[All Fields] OR “medical sonography”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonographic imaging”[All Fields] OR “echography”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonic diagnoses”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonic diagnosis”[All Fields] OR “ultrasonics”[All Fields] OR “sonographic”[All Fields])) 61 resultados
EMBASE (‘dysphagia’/exp OR ‘swallowing’/exp) AND (‘echography’/exp OR ‘ultrasound’/exp) AND (‘hyoid bone’/exp) 98 resultados
Web of Science (TS=((“deglutition” OR “deglutitions” OR “swallowing” OR “swallowings” OR “swallow” OR “swallows” OR “deglutition disorders” OR “deglutition disorder” OR “swallowing disorder” OR “swallowing disorders” OR “dysphagia”) AND (“hyoid bone” OR “hyoid”) AND (“ultrasonography” OR “diagnostic ultrasound” OR “ultrasound” OR “ultrasound imaging” OR “ultrasonic imaging” OR “medical sonography” OR “ultrasonographic imaging” OR “echography” OR “ultrasonic diagnoses” OR “ultrasonic diagnosis” OR “ultrasonics” OR “sonographic”))) 51 resultados
Scopus (TITLE-ABS-KEY (deglutition OR deglutitions OR swallowing OR swallowingsOR swallow OR swallows OR “deglutition AND disorders” OR “deglutition AND disorder” OR “swallowing AND disorder” OR “swallowing AND disorders” OR dysphagia) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“hyoid AND bone” OR “hyoid” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (ultrasonography OR “diagnostic AND ultrasound” OR ultrasound OR ultrasounds)) 78 resultados
  • Legenda: AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; CCI: coeficiente de correlação intraclasse; OH: osso hioide; USG: ultrassonografia
    • Trabalho realizado no Programa Associado de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa (PB), Brasil.
    • Fonte de financiamento: O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001.

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    Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      17 Jul 2023
    • Data do Fascículo
      2023

    Histórico

    • Recebido
      17 Jan 2022
    • Aceito
      01 Jul 2022
    Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia Al. Jaú, 684, 7º andar, 01420-002 São Paulo - SP Brasil, Tel./Fax 55 11 - 3873-4211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
    E-mail: revista@codas.org.br