Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Medidas de efeito das intervenções em vozes saudáveis: uma revisão de escopo

RESUMO

Objetivo

mapear as medidas de avaliação vocal utilizadas para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

Estratégia de pesquisa

trata-se de uma revisão de escopo baseada na questão de pesquisa: “Quais as medidas de avaliação vocal utilizadas para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis?” A busca foi realizada de forma eletrônica nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), Embase e Cochrane.

Critérios de seleção

a seleção dos estudos foi baseada na leitura dos títulos, resumos, palavras-chave e textos completos, aplicando-se os critérios de elegibilidade. Foram extraídos os dados relacionados às informações bibliográficas da publicação, características da amostra e da intervenção, os efeitos da intervenção nas medidas de autoavaliação, perceptivo-auditivas, acústicas, aerodinâmicas, eletroglotográficas, resultado do exame laríngeo, entre outros. Os dados foram resumidos e apresentados de forma quantitativa e descritiva.

Resultados

foram selecionados 97 artigos, entre os 979 estudos mapeados nesta revisão. A análise acústica foi a medida mais utilizada (n=70, 72,3%) para verificar os efeitos do treinamento vocal nos estudos selecionados, seguida pela eletroglotografia (n= 55, 56,7%), autoavaliação (n= 38, 39,2%), aerodinâmica (n= 33, 34,0%), julgamento perceptivo-auditivo (n= 22, 22,7%) e exame laríngeo (n= 16, 16,5%).

Conclusão

a análise acústica é a medida utilizada na maioria dos estudos para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

Palavras-chave:
Voz; Qualidade da voz; Treinamento da voz; Estudo dos resultados; Estudos de revisão; Voluntários saudáveis

ABSTRACT

Purpose

to map the vocal assessment measures used to verify the effect of the intervention in vocally healthy individuals.

Research strategy

This is a scope review based on the research question: What vocal assessment measures are used to verify the effect of the intervention in vocally healthy individuals? The search was carried out electronically in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), Embase and Cochrane databases.

Selection criteria

The selection of studies was based on reading the titles, abstracts, keywords and full texts, applying the eligibility criteria. Data related to the publication’s bibliographic information, sample and intervention characteristics, the effects of the intervention on self-assessment, auditory-perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, electroglottographic measures, laryngeal examination results, among others, were extracted. The data were summarized and presented in a quantitative and descriptive way.

Results

97 articles were selected, among the 979 studies mapped in this review. Acoustic analysis was the most used measure (n=70, 72.3%) to verify the effects of vocal training in the selected studies, followed by electroglottography (n= 55, 56.7%), self-assessment (n= 38, 39 .2%), aerodynamics (n= 33, 34.0%), auditory-perceptual judgment (n= 22, 22.7%) and laryngeal examination (n= 16, 16.5%).

Conclusion

Acoustic analysis is the measure used in most studies to verify the effect of the intervention in vocally healthy individuals.

Keywords:
Voice; Voice quality; Voice training; Results study; Review; Healthy volunteers

INTRODUÇÃO

A avaliação vocal deve ser realizada, preferencialmente, de forma multidimensional, incluindo anamnese detalhada para identificar queixas do indivíduo, fatores de risco e presença de sintomas; julgamento perceptivo-auditivo (JPA) para caracterizar a qualidade vocal e os parâmetros, como pitch, loudness, ressonância e articulação, entre outros; análise acústica da voz para caracterizar o sinal vocal; exame endoscópico da laringe, que possibilita uma análise estrutural (telelaringoscopia e nasofaringolaringoscopia) e vibratória (videoestroboscopia) da laringe; avaliação aerodinâmica, que permite obter dados a respeito do controle do fluxo aéreo para a fonação(11 Patel RR, Awan SN, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Courey M, Deliyski D, Eadie T, et al. Recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice: american speech-language-hearing association expert panel to develop a protocol for instrumental assessment of vocal function. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(3):887-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009. PMid:29955816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-...
) e autoavaliação, que tem sido valorizada por considerar a percepção vocal do paciente quanto ao seu problema de voz(22 Kasama ST, Brasolotto AG. Percepção vocal e qualidade de vida. Pro Fono. 2007;19(1):19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007000100003. PMid:17461344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007...
). Além disso, outros métodos podem ser utilizados para acessar a produção vocal ou as estruturas (cavidades e músculos) envolvidas com a fonação, tais como eletroglotografia, eletromiografia de superfície, sensores acoplados à região do pescoço, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, por exemplo.

De maneira geral, a avaliação vocal pode ter como objetivo identificar, caracterizar e quantificar a presença de um problema de voz ou de uma demanda associada ao aprimoramento vocal, assim como monitorar a efetividade do tratamento ou treinamento oferecido ao indivíduo(33 Roy N, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Eadie T, Sivasankar MP, Mehta D, Paul D, et al. Evidence-based clinical voice assessment: a systematic review. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;22(2):212-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0014). PMid:23184134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012...
). Em geral, os pesquisadores da área têm se dedicado de maneira mais intensa à compreensão do processo de diagnóstico do problema de voz, existindo maior lacuna de estudos quanto aos parâmetros que devem ser utilizados para verificação da efetividade do treinamento vocal oferecido aos indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

No contexto mundial, há um consenso para que maiores investimentos sejam destinados à promoção da saúde e aumento da qualidade de vida da população(44 Arredondo A, Recamán AL, Castrejón B. Universal health coverage in the framework of the 2030 global agenda for sustainable development: agreements and challenges. J Glob Health. 2020 Jun 1;10(1):010316. http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010316. PMid:32257142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010316...
). Na Fonoaudiologia, o planejamento recente da American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) recomendou que até 2030 a profissão ampliasse a sua ênfase na medicina preventiva e no trabalho, para melhorar a qualidade de vida em populações saudáveis, atuando sobre os determinantes da saúde da comunicação e sobre o estilo de vida saudável relacionado à comunicação humana(55 Lemke A, Dublinske S. Forecasting the future: impact of societal trends on the professions and ASHA. ASHA Lead. 2011 Apr;16(4):28-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR3.16042011.28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR3.16...
). Especificamente na área de voz, constata-se que pessoas sem queixa vocal relacionada à disfonia têm procurado o cuidado fonoaudiológico para melhorar a voz e comunicação, com objetivo de ampliar a sua participação social e no mundo do trabalho(66 Oliveira P, Ribeiro VV, Florêncio DSF, Palhano M, Gonçalves RR, Alves do Nascimento M. Vocal training in healthy individuals: a scoping review. J Voice. 2022;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.004. PMid:35400555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022....
,77 Mayne GV, Namazi M. Social determinants of health: implications for voice disorders and their treatment. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2023 Apr 14;32(3):1050-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-21-00183. PMid:37059074.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-21-...
). Recentemente, observou-se que há grande heterogeneidade em relação aos delineamentos de estudos cujo objetivo era verificar as características e os efeitos da intervenção fonoaudiológica em indivíduos com vozes saudáveis(66 Oliveira P, Ribeiro VV, Florêncio DSF, Palhano M, Gonçalves RR, Alves do Nascimento M. Vocal training in healthy individuals: a scoping review. J Voice. 2022;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.004. PMid:35400555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022....
). Por outro lado, não há consenso sobre os indicadores ou desfechos mais relevantes que devem ser considerados na avaliação e no monitoramento do efeito da intervenção fonoaudiológica em populações vocalmente saudáveis(66 Oliveira P, Ribeiro VV, Florêncio DSF, Palhano M, Gonçalves RR, Alves do Nascimento M. Vocal training in healthy individuals: a scoping review. J Voice. 2022;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.004. PMid:35400555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022....
). Sendo assim, considerando que a demanda de indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis é crescente na prática fonoaudiológica, existe uma lacuna importante na literatura científica no que diz respeito aos desfechos ou medidas de efeito relevantes a serem consideradas na abordagem fonoaudiológica dessa população.

O monitoramento da efetividade da intervenção envolve a seleção de tarefas e procedimentos capazes de medir mudanças perceptivo-auditivas, acústicas, fisiológicas e de autopercepção relacionadas à produção vocal(11 Patel RR, Awan SN, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Courey M, Deliyski D, Eadie T, et al. Recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice: american speech-language-hearing association expert panel to develop a protocol for instrumental assessment of vocal function. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(3):887-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009. PMid:29955816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-...

2 Kasama ST, Brasolotto AG. Percepção vocal e qualidade de vida. Pro Fono. 2007;19(1):19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007000100003. PMid:17461344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007...
-33 Roy N, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Eadie T, Sivasankar MP, Mehta D, Paul D, et al. Evidence-based clinical voice assessment: a systematic review. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;22(2):212-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0014). PMid:23184134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012...
,66 Oliveira P, Ribeiro VV, Florêncio DSF, Palhano M, Gonçalves RR, Alves do Nascimento M. Vocal training in healthy individuals: a scoping review. J Voice. 2022;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.004. PMid:35400555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022....
). Na literatura, as medidas de autoavaliação, o JPA, a análise acústica, o exame videoestroboscópico da laringe e avaliação aerodinâmica têm sido indicados, principalmente para verificar a efetividade da intervenção com pacientes disfônicos(11 Patel RR, Awan SN, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Courey M, Deliyski D, Eadie T, et al. Recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice: american speech-language-hearing association expert panel to develop a protocol for instrumental assessment of vocal function. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(3):887-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009. PMid:29955816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-...
). Inclusive, no contexto clínico, há publicações com recomendações para avaliação clínica e instrumental da voz(11 Patel RR, Awan SN, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Courey M, Deliyski D, Eadie T, et al. Recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice: american speech-language-hearing association expert panel to develop a protocol for instrumental assessment of vocal function. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(3):887-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009. PMid:29955816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-...
).

Por outro lado, faltam informações quanto aos procedimentos e tarefas recomendados para monitorar(88 Snell EN, Plexico LW, Weaver AJ, Sandage MJ. Quantifying vocal power: correlation of whole-body anaerobic power to vocal function measures. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020;63(8):2597-608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00110. PMid:32692587.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-...
) a efetividade da abordagem fonoaudiológica no campo do treinamento ou habilitação vocal de indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis, sejam eles profissionais da voz ou população em geral. Via de regra, o treinamento vocal tem como objetivo melhorar a eficiência da produção vocal para demandas específicas, sejam da voz falada ou cantada(99 Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006. PMid:15070227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....
). As diferenças na queixa e nas expectativas de tais indivíduos que buscam o aprimoramento de uma voz saudável justificam a seleção ou desenvolvimento de estratégias diferentes de monitoramento.

Nesse contexto, a pergunta norteadora que motivou esta pesquisa foi definida como: “Quais as medidas de avaliação vocal utilizadas para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis?” A realização dessa revisão pode contribuir para a elaboração de novas pesquisas e recomendações específicas sobre os procedimentos de avaliação para monitorar o efeito da intervenção junto a indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

OBJETIVO

O objetivo desta revisão foi mapear as medidas de avaliação vocal utilizadas para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA

Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, cujo desenho considerou as orientações do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para revisões de escopo(1010 Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, Mcinerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors.Manual JBI para síntese de evidências. Adelaide: JBI; 2020. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12
https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12...
), descrito conforme o PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

A sigla PCC (P - população, C - conceito e C - contexto) foi utilizada para delineamento do estudo, considerando: P - indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis; C - medidas de avaliação vocal - pertencentes à avaliação multidimensional da voz e C - intervenção direta, indireta ou ambas.

Busca

A busca foi realizada de forma eletrônica. As bases de dados utilizadas foram MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), Embase e Cochrane. As estratégias de busca foram desenvolvidas com base nos unitermos indexados do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) e descritores livres relacionados ao PCC. Realizou-se uma busca prévia por estudos que pudessem ser incluídos como resultados, a fim de confirmar que a presente pesquisa não seria uma revisão vazia, o que assegurou a presença de estudos primários sobre a temática na literatura da área. Essa busca foi realizada na base de dados MEDLINE. No mapeamento de triagem inicial, os termos relevantes contidos nos títulos, resumos e palavras-chave dos artigos foram utilizados para aprimorar a estratégia de busca e desenvolver um plano de busca final para as demais bases de dados. A partir de então, a última estratégia de busca foi desenvolvida de forma específica para cada base de dados. Na Tabela 1 está apresentada a estratégia final utilizada para as pesquisas nas bases.

Tabela 1
Estratégias de pesquisa para as bases de dados

As etapas de busca, seleção e extração de dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes e um terceiro revisor resolveu as divergências. As buscas aconteceram em junho de 2022. No presente estudo, não foi realizada busca relacionada à literatura cinzenta.

CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO

Para a seleção dos estudos, foram utilizados os seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: estudos com indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis (sem queixa vocal, sem desvio da qualidade vocal e sem alteração estrutural ou funcional na laringe), com ou sem uso profissional da voz, que utilizaram medidas de avaliação vocal pertencentes à avaliação multidimensional da voz (autoavaliação, julgamento em intervenções vocais diretas, indiretas ou ambas, com delineamento experimental, quase-experimental e antes e depois). Foram excluídos desta revisão: resumo de anais de congresso, estudos que não apresentavam intervenções vocais, estudos com vozes disfônicas e estudos com as diferentes faixas etárias de participantes, que não separavam os resultados das intervenções.

A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: o primeiro processo foi a leitura dos títulos, resumos e palavras-chave dos artigos selecionados para inclusão; o segundo processo constou da leitura completa dos textos, para aplicação dos critérios de exclusão. Essas etapas foram realizadas no período de junho a agosto de 2022.

ANÁLISE DOS DADOS

Os dados extraídos incluíram detalhes específicos do PCC com os principais achados significativos sobre as medidas utilizadas para verificar o efeito da intervenção vocal em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis nos artigos investigados. As informações extraídas foram: título, autor, ano da publicação, tipo de pesquisa, características da amostra, características da intervenção e os resultados da intervenção nas medidas de autoavaliação, JPA, acústica, exame laríngeo, aerodinâmicas e outros. Os resultados foram coletados e adicionados em uma planilha do Excel previamente elaborada.

Os dados extraídos foram organizados da seguinte forma:

  1. informações sobre a publicação (base de dados, título, autor e ano);

  2. informações gerais sobre o tipo de pesquisa (experimental, quase-experimental e antes e depois). Foram considerados estudos experimentais aqueles com inclusão de grupo-controle, amostragem e designação aleatória dos participantes e manipulação de uma variável para verificação da relação de causa e efeito(1111 Sousa VD, Driessnack M, Mendes IA. An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 1: quantitative research designs. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007;15(3):502-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300022. PMid:17653437.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007...
    ). Os estudos quase-experimentais referem-se àqueles que não realizam designação aleatória dos sujeitos em cada grupo(1111 Sousa VD, Driessnack M, Mendes IA. An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 1: quantitative research designs. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007;15(3):502-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300022. PMid:17653437.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007...
    ). A categorização em estudo antes e depois foi considerada para as pesquisas em que não houve controle das variáveis com potencial influência no desfecho, nem aleatorização na locação dos sujeitos(1212 Van Stan JH, Roy N, Awan S, Stemple J, Hillman RE. A taxonomy of voice therapy. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(2):101-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0030. PMid:25763678.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-...
    ).

  3. características da amostra (tamanho da amostra, número de homens e mulheres, média de idade e profissionais da voz);

  4. características das intervenções (resumo de intervenção realizada, tipo de intervenção, tempo total da intervenção, número de sessões, frequência de sessões e momento de avaliação do efeito da intervenção). Quanto ao tipo, a intervenção foi categorizada em direta, indireta ou direta e indireta combinadas. Nesta pesquisa, considerou-se intervenção direta aquela em que a ação do clínico modifica o comportamento vocal por meio da execução motora associada à função vocal/respiratória/ressonantal/articulatória, feedback somatossensorial e feedback auditivo(1212 Van Stan JH, Roy N, Awan S, Stemple J, Hillman RE. A taxonomy of voice therapy. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(2):101-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0030. PMid:25763678.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-...
    ). A intervenção indireta relaciona-se às ações do clínico que envolvem pedagogia e aconselhamento vocal para modificar aspectos cognitivos, comportamentais, emocionais e físicos associados à produção vocal(1212 Van Stan JH, Roy N, Awan S, Stemple J, Hillman RE. A taxonomy of voice therapy. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(2):101-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0030. PMid:25763678.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-...
    ). Por fim, a intervenção direta e indireta combinadas envolve a adoção de ambas as ações citadas, com o objetivo de melhorar ou otimizar a produção e o comportamento vocal(1212 Van Stan JH, Roy N, Awan S, Stemple J, Hillman RE. A taxonomy of voice therapy. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(2):101-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0030. PMid:25763678.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-...
    ). O momento da avaliação do efeito de intervenção foi classificado em imediato (quando o efeito foi avaliado ao final de uma sessão onde houve intervenção) ou follow-up (quando o efeito foi avaliado em uma sessão específica onde não ocorreu a intervenção).

  5. métodos de avaliação utilizados (autoavaliação, JPA, acústicas, exame laríngeo, aerodinâmicas e outros);

  6. medidas utilizadas em cada método de avaliação;

  7. efeito da intervenção nas medidas investigadas.

RESULTADOS

Foram encontrados 979 estudos nas bases de dados. Duzentos e noventa e cinco estudos foram excluídos, pois estavam duplicados. Dos 684 restantes, 577 foram excluídos durante a etapa de leitura de títulos e resumos e 10 foram excluídos após a leitura integral. Sendo assim, 97 artigos foram selecionados para este estudo, conforme ilustrado na Figura 1.

Figura 1
Fluxograma de busca e seleção dos estudos que entraram na pesquisa

Os artigos selecionados foram publicados entre os anos de 1979 e 2022, com maior número de publicações nos anos de 2012 e 2016, ambos com 9 estudos (Quadro 1 do Material Suplementar).

Com relação aos resultados das medidas de avaliação multidimensional da voz utilizadas para avaliar o efeito das intervenções nos estudos mapeados, observou-se que a análise acústica foi a medida mais utilizada (n=70, 72,2%), seguida pela eletroglotografia (n=55, 56,7%), autoavaliação vocal (n=38, 39,2%), aerodinâmica (n=33, 34,0%), JPA (n=22, 22,7%) e exame laríngeo (n=16, 16,5%) (Tabela 2) (Quadro 1 do Material Suplementar).

Tabela 2
Descrição dos estudos quanto às características das intervenções realizadas e métodos de avaliação utilizados para avaliar os efeitos das intervenções

Quanto ao tipo de pesquisa, 48 estudos eram do tipo antes e depois (49,5%), 27 estudos com desenho experimental (27,8%), 20 estudos do tipo quase-experimental (20,6%) e 2 estudos com desenho de séries de caso (2,1%) (Tabela 2).

Quanto às características das intervenções realizadas nos estudos mapeados, observou-se predominância de intervenção direta (n= 85, 87,6%), seguida pela associação entre intervenção direta e indireta (n= 10, 10,3%) e intervenção indireta (n= 2, 2,1%) (Tabela 2).

Nos estudos selecionados, a duração total das intervenções apresentou variação entre menos de um minuto a 14 horas. O número de sessões variou entre uma sessão (mínimo) e 20 sessões (máximo), sendo que 51 (52,6%) estudos realizaram apenas uma sessão (Tabela 2). Quanto ao momento da avaliação do efeito das intervenções, observou-se que 52 (52,6%) dos estudos investigaram o efeito imediato, 33 (34,0%) realizaram o follow-up dos participantes e 13 (13,4%) não forneceram a informação quanto ao momento da avaliação do efeito (Tabela 2).

O tamanho da amostra nos estudos selecionados variou de 1 a 154 participantes (Tabela 3). Houve predominância de indivíduos do gênero feminino (n= 1.403, 71,0%), com apenas 572 (29,0%) participantes do gênero masculino. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 27,7±12,9 anos (Tabela 3). Além disso, 59 (60,8%) estudos selecionados incluíram indivíduos sem uso profissional da voz, enquanto 31 (32,0%) envolveram participantes com uso profissional da voz e 7 artigos (7,2%) incluíram indivíduos com e sem uso profissional da voz, indistintamente (Tabela 3).

Tabela 3
Descrição dos estudos quanto ao tamanho e características da amostra estudada

DISCUSSÃO

Um dos desafios para o fonoaudiólogo é monitorar o efeito da intervenção realizada com o cliente. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi mapear as medidas de avaliação vocal utilizadas para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis. Tal mapeamento pode contribuir para melhorar a escolha dos indicadores usados para verificar se alvos determinados no início do treinamento foram atingidos ao final do processo.

Medidas de efeito mais utilizadas pré e pós-treinamento vocal

De maneira geral, a análise acústica foi o procedimento mais utilizado (n=70, 72,2%) para verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis. Reconhecidamente, a análise acústica é o procedimento de avaliação mais investigado na área de voz(44 Arredondo A, Recamán AL, Castrejón B. Universal health coverage in the framework of the 2030 global agenda for sustainable development: agreements and challenges. J Glob Health. 2020 Jun 1;10(1):010316. http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010316. PMid:32257142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010316...
). Entre as diferentes estratégias de avaliação vocal, a análise acústica tem potencial para aumentar a precisão do diagnóstico e possibilitar a quantificação das mudanças na produção vocal pré e pós-intervenção(1414 Bunta F, Gósy M. Expanding the clinical toolset: acoustic analyses for speech-language pathologists and audiologists in the 21st century. Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups. 2022;7(6):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-00090.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-...
).

Embora o JPA e os protocolos de autoavaliação sejam procedimentos de baixo custo e de fácil aplicação, a análise acústica fornece estimativas únicas no que diz respeito às mudanças no processo de produção vocal pré e pós-intervenção. Dessa forma, a análise acústica traz uma contribuição específica e uma informação não redundante em comparação aos outros procedimentos comumente utilizados na clínica vocal. Nesse contexto, a presente revisão identificou que diferentes medidas acústicas têm sido utilizadas no cenário da intervenção com indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis, incluindo medidas baseadas na frequência fundamental(1515 Andrade PA, Wood G, Ratcliffe P, Epstein R, Pijper A, Svec JG. Electroglottographic study of seven semi-occluded exercises: LaxVox, straw, lip-trill, tongue-trill, humming, hand-over-mouth, and tongue-trill combined with hand-over-mouth. J Voice. 2014;28(5):589-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004. PMid:24560003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....

16 da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022. PMid:29861293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....

17 Barrichelo-Lindström V, Behlau M. Resonant voice in acting students: perceptual and acoustic correlates of the trained Y-Buzz by Lessac. J Voice. 2009;23(5):603-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.12.001. PMid:18411035.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....

18 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....

19 Boone DR, McFarlane SC. A critical view of the yawn-sigh as a voice therapy technique. J Voice. 1993;7(1):75-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80114-6. PMid:8353622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...

20 Bruno E, De Padova A, Napolitano B, Marroni P, Batelli R, Ottaviani F, et al. Voice disorders and posturography: variables to define the success of rehabilitative treatment. J Voice. 2009;23(1):71-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.06.002. PMid:17981012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....

21 Calvache C, Guzman M, Bobadilla M, Bortnem C. Variation on vocal economy after different semioccluded vocal tract exercises in subjects with normal voice and dysphonia. J Voice. 2020;34(4):582-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007. PMid:30738783.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....

22 Dallaston K, Rumbach AF. Vocal performance of group fitness instructors before and after instruction: changes in acoustic measures and self-ratings. J Voice. 2016;30(1):127.e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.007. PMid:25795364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

23 D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(8):1937-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050. PMid:23564361.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050...

24 Ellis LW, Beltyukova SA. Effects of compliance monitoring of vocal function exercises on voice outcome measures for normal voice. Percept Mot Skills. 2011;112(3):729-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.112.3.729-736. PMid:21853762.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.1...

25 Fujiki RB, Oliver AJ, Sivasankar MP, Craig BA, Malandraki GA. Secondary voice outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing two head/neck strengthening exercises in healthy older adults: a preliminary report. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019;62(2):318-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338. PMid:30950703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-1...

26 Garcia EZ, Yamashita HK, Garcia DS, Padovani MM, Azevedo RR, Chiari BM. Applicability of cone beam computed tomography to the assessment of the vocal tract before and after vocal exercises in normal subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(4):183-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383. PMid:28171875.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383...

27 Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of an artificially lengthened vocal tract on estimated glottal contact quotient in untrained male voices. J Voice. 2010;24(1):57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.05.004. PMid:19135851.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008....

28 Gaskill CS, Quinney DM. The effect of resonance tubes on glottal contact quotient with and without task instruction: a comparison of trained and untrained voices. J Voice. 2012;26(3):e79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003. PMid:21550779.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....

29 Gong T, Lu T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shen A, Niu J, et al. Effects of Liuzijue Qigong posture on aerodynamics of phonation in healthy volunteers. J Voice. 2022. (In press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.12.019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021....

30 Gorham-Rowan M, Morris R, Waggener G. Measurement of blood lactate as a function of vocal loading and neuromuscular electrical stimulation: proof of concept. J Commun Disord. 2019;80:92-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.04.002. PMid:31132725.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019...

31 Grillo EU, Verdolini K. Evidence for distinguishing pressed, normal, resonant, and breathy voice qualities by laryngeal resistance and vocal efficiency in vocally trained subjects. J Voice. 2008;22(5):546-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.008. PMid:17400426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....

32 Guzman M, Calvache C, Romero L, et al. Do different semi-occluded voice exercises affect vocal fold adduction differently in subjects diagnosed with hyperfunctional dysphonia? [published correction appears in folia phoniatr logop. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2015;67(2):68-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437353. PMid:26394210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437353...

33 Hamdan AL, Nassar J, Al Zaghal Z, El-Khoury E, Bsat M, Tabri D. Glottal contact quotient in Mediterranean tongue trill. J Voice. 2012;26(5):669.e11-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.008. PMid:22082865.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....

34 Kagan LS, Heaton JT. The effectiveness of low-level light therapy in attenuating vocal fatigue. J Voice. 2017;31(3):384.e15-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.004. PMid:27839705.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....

35 Kang J, Xue C, Piotrowski D, Gong T, Zhang Y, Jiang JJ. Lingering effects of straw phonation exercises on aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic parameters. J Voice. 2019;33(5):810.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.002. PMid:29866635.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....

36 Kang J, Xue C, Chou A, Scholp A, Gong T, Zhang Y, et al. Comparing the exposure-response relationships of physiological and traditional vocal warm-ups on aerodynamic and acoustic parameters in untrained singers. J Voice. 2019;33(4):420-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.12.019. PMid:29422371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....

37 Kotby MN, Shiromoto O, Hirano M. The accent method of voice therapy: effect of accentuations on FO, SPL, and airflow. J Voice. 1993;7(4):319-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80120-1. PMid:8293064.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...

38 Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Tyrmi J, Vilkman E. Immediate effects of ‘voice massage’ treatment on the speaking voice of healthy subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2005;57(3):163-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136. PMid:15914999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136...

39 Laukkanen AM, Syrjä T, Laitala M, Leino T. Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors’ speaking voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(2):66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479. PMid:15260182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034...

40 Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098...

41 Leydon C, Mital K, DoCarmo J, Gaffney A, Ullucci P. The impact of vocal task on voice acoustics, effort and discomfort following submandibular neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy adults. J Voice. 2021;37(5):700-6. PMid:34116890.

42 Maxwell MJ, English JD, Moppett IK, McGlashan JA, Norris AM. Vocalization assessed by electrolaryngography is unaffected by topical lidocaine anesthesia: a prospective, crossover, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(4):785-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182455b71. PMid:22314690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182...

43 Meerschman I, Bettens K, Dejagere S, Tetaert L, D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, et al. Effect of two isolated vocal-facilitating techniques chant talk and pitch inflections on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(6):771.e17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007. PMid:26725548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

44 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, De Cock E, Neyens H, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effectiveness of chewing technique on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(5):574-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016. PMid:26292796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

45 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, Catry T, Ruigrok B, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effect of two isolated vocal facilitating techniques glottal fry and yawn-sigh on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Commun Disord. 2017;66:40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004. PMid:28412598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017...

46 Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006. PMid:15070227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....

47 Motel T, Fisher KV, Leydon C. Vocal warm-up increases phonation threshold pressure in soprano singers at high pitch. J Voice. 2003;17(2):160-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00003-1. PMid:12825648.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)...

48 Mürbe D, Pabst F, Hofmann G, Sundberg J. Effects of a professional solo singer education on auditory and kinesthetic feedback--a longitudinal study of singers’ pitch control. J Voice. 2004;18(2):236-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.05.001. PMid:15193657.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....

49 Nusseck M, Immerz A, Spahn C, Echternach M, Richter B. Long-term effects of a voice training program for teachers on vocal and mental health. J Voice. 2021;35(3):438-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.016. PMid:31864892.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....

50 Orlikoff RF. Voice production during a weightlifting and support task. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2008;60(4):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277. PMid:18463414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277...

51 Paes SM, Behlau M. Dosage dependent effect of high-resistance straw exercise in dysphonic and non-dysphonic women. CoDAS. 2017;29(1):e20160048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016048. PMid:28300957.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017...

52 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...

53 Portillo MP, Rojas S, Guzman M, Quezada C. Comparison of effects produced by physiological versus traditional vocal warm-up in contemporary commercial music singers. J Voice. 2018;32(2):200-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.022. PMid:28579159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....

54 Roy N, Ryker KS, Bless DM. Vocal violence in actors: an investigation into its acoustic consequences and the effects of hygienic laryngeal release training. J Voice. 2000;14(2):215-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80029-6. PMid:10875573.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)...

55 Sabol JW, Lee L, Stemple JC. The value of vocal function exercises in the practice regimen of singers. J Voice. 1995;9(1):27-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80220-6. PMid:7757147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...

56 Santana ÉR, Masson MLV, Araújo TM. The effect of surface hydration on teachers’ voice quality: an intervention study. J Voice. 2017;31(3):383.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019. PMid:27765431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....

57 Schneider B, Bigenzahn W. How we do it: voice therapy to improve vocal constitution and endurance in female student teachers. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(1):66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00937.x. PMid:15748195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.20...

58 Segall LE. The effect of group singing on the voice and swallow function of healthy, sedentary, older adults: A pilot study. Arts Psychother. 2017;55:40-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02.007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02....

59 Smith CG, Finnegan EM, Karnell MP. Resonant voice: spectral and nasendoscopic analysis. J Voice. 2005;19(4):607-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.09.004. PMid:16301106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004....

60 Stemple JC, Lee L, D’Amico B, Pickup B. Efficacy of vocal function exercises as a method of improving voice production. J Voice. 1994;8(3):271-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80299-1. PMid:7987430.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...

61 Tafiadis D, Kosma EI, Chronopoulos SK, Papadopoulos A, Toki EI, Vassiliki S, et al. Acoustic and perceived measurements certifying tango as voice treatment method. J Voice. 2018;32(2):256.e13-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.016. PMid:28709765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....

62 Tay EY, Phyland DJ, Oates J. The effect of vocal function exercises on the voices of aging community choral singers. J Voice. 2012;26(5):672-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014. PMid:22717496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....

63 Toles LE, Ortiz AJ, Marks KL, Mehta DD, Van Stan JH, Hillman RE. Amount and characteristics of speaking and singing voice use in vocally healthy female college student singers during a typical week. J Voice. 2022;36(2):203-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.029. PMid:32451254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....

64 Van Lierde KM, d’Haeseleer E, Deley S, Luyten A, Baudonck N, Claeys S, et al. The impact of a voice counseling procedure to select students with normal vocal characteristics for starting a master program in speech language pathology: a pilot study. J Voice. 2012;26(5):623-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.11.003. PMid:22285454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....

65 Van Lierde KM, D’haeseleer E, Baudonck N, Claeys S, De Bodt M, Behlau M. The impact of vocal warm-up exercises on the objective vocal quality in female students training to be speech language pathologists. J Voice. 2011;25(3):e115-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.004. PMid:20236794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....

66 Van Stan JH, Park SW, Jarvis M, Stemple J, Hillman RE, Sternad D. Quantitative assessment of learning and retention in virtual vocal function exercises. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(1):1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00357. PMid:33285082.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-...

67 Yilmaz C, Bostancı Ö, Bulut S. Effect of respiratory muscle training on pitch range and sound duration in brass instrument players and singers. J Voice. 2022;36(1):76-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.012. PMid:32451252.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
-6868 Yiu EML, Liu CCY, Chan CYP, Barrett E, Lu D. Vibrational therapies for vocal fatigue. J Voice. 2021;35(1):29-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.009. PMid:31383515.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
), medidas de intensidade(1818 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,2222 Dallaston K, Rumbach AF. Vocal performance of group fitness instructors before and after instruction: changes in acoustic measures and self-ratings. J Voice. 2016;30(1):127.e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.007. PMid:25795364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
,2323 D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(8):1937-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050. PMid:23564361.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050...
,2525 Fujiki RB, Oliver AJ, Sivasankar MP, Craig BA, Malandraki GA. Secondary voice outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing two head/neck strengthening exercises in healthy older adults: a preliminary report. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019;62(2):318-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338. PMid:30950703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-1...
,2929 Gong T, Lu T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shen A, Niu J, et al. Effects of Liuzijue Qigong posture on aerodynamics of phonation in healthy volunteers. J Voice. 2022. (In press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.12.019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021....

30 Gorham-Rowan M, Morris R, Waggener G. Measurement of blood lactate as a function of vocal loading and neuromuscular electrical stimulation: proof of concept. J Commun Disord. 2019;80:92-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.04.002. PMid:31132725.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019...
-3131 Grillo EU, Verdolini K. Evidence for distinguishing pressed, normal, resonant, and breathy voice qualities by laryngeal resistance and vocal efficiency in vocally trained subjects. J Voice. 2008;22(5):546-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.008. PMid:17400426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
,3737 Kotby MN, Shiromoto O, Hirano M. The accent method of voice therapy: effect of accentuations on FO, SPL, and airflow. J Voice. 1993;7(4):319-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80120-1. PMid:8293064.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
,3939 Laukkanen AM, Syrjä T, Laitala M, Leino T. Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors’ speaking voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(2):66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479. PMid:15260182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034...
,4040 Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098...
,4343 Meerschman I, Bettens K, Dejagere S, Tetaert L, D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, et al. Effect of two isolated vocal-facilitating techniques chant talk and pitch inflections on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(6):771.e17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007. PMid:26725548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

44 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, De Cock E, Neyens H, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effectiveness of chewing technique on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(5):574-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016. PMid:26292796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

45 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, Catry T, Ruigrok B, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effect of two isolated vocal facilitating techniques glottal fry and yawn-sigh on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Commun Disord. 2017;66:40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004. PMid:28412598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017...
-4646 Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006. PMid:15070227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....
,4949 Nusseck M, Immerz A, Spahn C, Echternach M, Richter B. Long-term effects of a voice training program for teachers on vocal and mental health. J Voice. 2021;35(3):438-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.016. PMid:31864892.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,5353 Portillo MP, Rojas S, Guzman M, Quezada C. Comparison of effects produced by physiological versus traditional vocal warm-up in contemporary commercial music singers. J Voice. 2018;32(2):200-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.022. PMid:28579159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
,5656 Santana ÉR, Masson MLV, Araújo TM. The effect of surface hydration on teachers’ voice quality: an intervention study. J Voice. 2017;31(3):383.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019. PMid:27765431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....

57 Schneider B, Bigenzahn W. How we do it: voice therapy to improve vocal constitution and endurance in female student teachers. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(1):66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00937.x. PMid:15748195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.20...
-5858 Segall LE. The effect of group singing on the voice and swallow function of healthy, sedentary, older adults: A pilot study. Arts Psychother. 2017;55:40-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02.007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02....
,6161 Tafiadis D, Kosma EI, Chronopoulos SK, Papadopoulos A, Toki EI, Vassiliki S, et al. Acoustic and perceived measurements certifying tango as voice treatment method. J Voice. 2018;32(2):256.e13-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.016. PMid:28709765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
,6363 Toles LE, Ortiz AJ, Marks KL, Mehta DD, Van Stan JH, Hillman RE. Amount and characteristics of speaking and singing voice use in vocally healthy female college student singers during a typical week. J Voice. 2022;36(2):203-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.029. PMid:32451254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
,6666 Van Stan JH, Park SW, Jarvis M, Stemple J, Hillman RE, Sternad D. Quantitative assessment of learning and retention in virtual vocal function exercises. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(1):1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00357. PMid:33285082.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-...
,6767 Yilmaz C, Bostancı Ö, Bulut S. Effect of respiratory muscle training on pitch range and sound duration in brass instrument players and singers. J Voice. 2022;36(1):76-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.012. PMid:32451252.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
,6969 Mercer E, Lowell SY. The low mandible maneuver: preliminary study of its effects on aerodynamic and acoustic measures. J Voice. 2020;34(4):645.e1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.12.005. PMid:30639152.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....

70 Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019. PMid:32389238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....

71 Sapienza CM, Crandell CC, Curtis B. Effects of sound-field frequency modulation amplification on reducing teachers’ sound pressure level in the classroom. J Voice. 1999;13(3):375-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80042-3. PMid:10498053.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)...

72 Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063. PMid:15001827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063...
-7373 Titze IR, Long R, Shirley GI, Stathopoulos E, Ramig LO, Carroll LM, et al. Messa di voce: an investigation of the symmetry of crescendo and decrescendo in a singing exercise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;105(5):2933-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906. PMid:10335642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906...
), medidas cepstrais/espectrais(2525 Fujiki RB, Oliver AJ, Sivasankar MP, Craig BA, Malandraki GA. Secondary voice outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing two head/neck strengthening exercises in healthy older adults: a preliminary report. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019;62(2):318-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338. PMid:30950703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-1...
,3939 Laukkanen AM, Syrjä T, Laitala M, Leino T. Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors’ speaking voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(2):66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479. PMid:15260182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034...

40 Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098...
-4141 Leydon C, Mital K, DoCarmo J, Gaffney A, Ullucci P. The impact of vocal task on voice acoustics, effort and discomfort following submandibular neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy adults. J Voice. 2021;37(5):700-6. PMid:34116890.,6666 Van Stan JH, Park SW, Jarvis M, Stemple J, Hillman RE, Sternad D. Quantitative assessment of learning and retention in virtual vocal function exercises. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(1):1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00357. PMid:33285082.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-...
,7070 Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019. PMid:32389238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,7373 Titze IR, Long R, Shirley GI, Stathopoulos E, Ramig LO, Carroll LM, et al. Messa di voce: an investigation of the symmetry of crescendo and decrescendo in a singing exercise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;105(5):2933-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906. PMid:10335642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906...

74 Antonetti AEDS, Ribeiro VV, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Effects of performance time of the voiced high-frequency oscillation and lax vox technique in vocally healthy subjects. J Voice. 2022;36(1):140.e29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.008. PMid:32507328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....

75 Guzman M, Angulo M, Muñoz D, Mayerhoff R. Effect on long-term average spectrum of pop singers’ vocal warm-up with vocal function exercises. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;15(2):127-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012.702283. PMid:22909150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012....

76 Pabon P, Stallinga R, Södersten M, Ternström S. Effects on vocal range and voice quality of singing voice training: the classically trained female voice. J Voice. 2014;28(1):36-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.06.005. PMid:24084360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....
-7777 Rossiter D, Howard DM, DeCosta M. Voice development under training with and without the influence of real-time visually presented biofeedback. J Acoust Soc Am. 1996;99(5):3253-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872. PMid:8642130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872...
), medidas de perturbação e ruído(1616 da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022. PMid:29861293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,1818 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,2222 Dallaston K, Rumbach AF. Vocal performance of group fitness instructors before and after instruction: changes in acoustic measures and self-ratings. J Voice. 2016;30(1):127.e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.007. PMid:25795364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
,2323 D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(8):1937-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050. PMid:23564361.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050...
,2626 Garcia EZ, Yamashita HK, Garcia DS, Padovani MM, Azevedo RR, Chiari BM. Applicability of cone beam computed tomography to the assessment of the vocal tract before and after vocal exercises in normal subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(4):183-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383. PMid:28171875.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383...
,2727 Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of an artificially lengthened vocal tract on estimated glottal contact quotient in untrained male voices. J Voice. 2010;24(1):57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.05.004. PMid:19135851.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008....
,3535 Kang J, Xue C, Piotrowski D, Gong T, Zhang Y, Jiang JJ. Lingering effects of straw phonation exercises on aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic parameters. J Voice. 2019;33(5):810.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.002. PMid:29866635.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,3636 Kang J, Xue C, Chou A, Scholp A, Gong T, Zhang Y, et al. Comparing the exposure-response relationships of physiological and traditional vocal warm-ups on aerodynamic and acoustic parameters in untrained singers. J Voice. 2019;33(4):420-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.12.019. PMid:29422371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
,3838 Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Tyrmi J, Vilkman E. Immediate effects of ‘voice massage’ treatment on the speaking voice of healthy subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2005;57(3):163-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136. PMid:15914999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136...

39 Laukkanen AM, Syrjä T, Laitala M, Leino T. Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors’ speaking voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(2):66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479. PMid:15260182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034...

40 Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098...

41 Leydon C, Mital K, DoCarmo J, Gaffney A, Ullucci P. The impact of vocal task on voice acoustics, effort and discomfort following submandibular neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy adults. J Voice. 2021;37(5):700-6. PMid:34116890.

42 Maxwell MJ, English JD, Moppett IK, McGlashan JA, Norris AM. Vocalization assessed by electrolaryngography is unaffected by topical lidocaine anesthesia: a prospective, crossover, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(4):785-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182455b71. PMid:22314690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182...

43 Meerschman I, Bettens K, Dejagere S, Tetaert L, D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, et al. Effect of two isolated vocal-facilitating techniques chant talk and pitch inflections on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(6):771.e17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007. PMid:26725548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

44 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, De Cock E, Neyens H, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effectiveness of chewing technique on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(5):574-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016. PMid:26292796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

45 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, Catry T, Ruigrok B, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effect of two isolated vocal facilitating techniques glottal fry and yawn-sigh on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Commun Disord. 2017;66:40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004. PMid:28412598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017...
-4646 Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006. PMid:15070227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....
,4949 Nusseck M, Immerz A, Spahn C, Echternach M, Richter B. Long-term effects of a voice training program for teachers on vocal and mental health. J Voice. 2021;35(3):438-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.016. PMid:31864892.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....

50 Orlikoff RF. Voice production during a weightlifting and support task. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2008;60(4):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277. PMid:18463414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277...

51 Paes SM, Behlau M. Dosage dependent effect of high-resistance straw exercise in dysphonic and non-dysphonic women. CoDAS. 2017;29(1):e20160048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016048. PMid:28300957.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017...
-5252 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...
,5454 Roy N, Ryker KS, Bless DM. Vocal violence in actors: an investigation into its acoustic consequences and the effects of hygienic laryngeal release training. J Voice. 2000;14(2):215-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80029-6. PMid:10875573.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)...

55 Sabol JW, Lee L, Stemple JC. The value of vocal function exercises in the practice regimen of singers. J Voice. 1995;9(1):27-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80220-6. PMid:7757147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
-5656 Santana ÉR, Masson MLV, Araújo TM. The effect of surface hydration on teachers’ voice quality: an intervention study. J Voice. 2017;31(3):383.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019. PMid:27765431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
,6060 Stemple JC, Lee L, D’Amico B, Pickup B. Efficacy of vocal function exercises as a method of improving voice production. J Voice. 1994;8(3):271-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80299-1. PMid:7987430.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...

61 Tafiadis D, Kosma EI, Chronopoulos SK, Papadopoulos A, Toki EI, Vassiliki S, et al. Acoustic and perceived measurements certifying tango as voice treatment method. J Voice. 2018;32(2):256.e13-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.016. PMid:28709765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
-6262 Tay EY, Phyland DJ, Oates J. The effect of vocal function exercises on the voices of aging community choral singers. J Voice. 2012;26(5):672-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014. PMid:22717496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,6464 Van Lierde KM, d’Haeseleer E, Deley S, Luyten A, Baudonck N, Claeys S, et al. The impact of a voice counseling procedure to select students with normal vocal characteristics for starting a master program in speech language pathology: a pilot study. J Voice. 2012;26(5):623-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.11.003. PMid:22285454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,6565 Van Lierde KM, D’haeseleer E, Baudonck N, Claeys S, De Bodt M, Behlau M. The impact of vocal warm-up exercises on the objective vocal quality in female students training to be speech language pathologists. J Voice. 2011;25(3):e115-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.004. PMid:20236794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....
,7272 Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063. PMid:15001827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063...
,7878 Bagnall AD, McCulloch K. The impact of specific exertion on the efficiency and ease of the voice: a pilot study. J Voice. 2005;19(3):384-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.06.002. PMid:16102665.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004....

79 Duffy OM, Hazlett DE. The impact of preventive voice care programs for training teachers: a longitudinal study. J Voice. 2004;18(1):63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00088-2. PMid:15070225.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)...

80 Easterling C. Does an exercise aimed at improving swallow function have an effect on vocal function in the healthy elderly? Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):317-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9158-z. PMid:18437461.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-915...

81 Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Ilomaki I. Self-evaluation of voice as a treatment outcome measure. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2009;61(1):57-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201000. PMid:19204394.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201000...

82 Mahalingam S, Boominathan P. Effects of steam inhalation on voice quality-related acoustic measures. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(10):2305-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25933. PMid:26972609.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25933...

83 McHenry M, Johnson J, Foshea B. The effect of specific versus combined warm-up strategies on the voice. J Voice. 2009;23(5):572-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.01.003. PMid:18411037.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008....

84 Pimenta RA, Dájer ME, Hachiya A, Tsuji DH, Montagnoli AN. Parameters acoustic and high-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises. CoDAS. 2013;25(6):577-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822014000100010. PMid:24626983.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822014...
-8585 Tyrmi J, Laukkanen AM. How stressful is “deep bubbling”? J Voice. 2017;31(2):262.e1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.04.013. PMid:27292094.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
), índices acústicos(1616 da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022. PMid:29861293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,1818 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,2323 D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(8):1937-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050. PMid:23564361.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050...
,4141 Leydon C, Mital K, DoCarmo J, Gaffney A, Ullucci P. The impact of vocal task on voice acoustics, effort and discomfort following submandibular neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy adults. J Voice. 2021;37(5):700-6. PMid:34116890.,4343 Meerschman I, Bettens K, Dejagere S, Tetaert L, D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, et al. Effect of two isolated vocal-facilitating techniques chant talk and pitch inflections on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(6):771.e17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007. PMid:26725548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

44 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, De Cock E, Neyens H, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effectiveness of chewing technique on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(5):574-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016. PMid:26292796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
-4545 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, Catry T, Ruigrok B, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effect of two isolated vocal facilitating techniques glottal fry and yawn-sigh on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Commun Disord. 2017;66:40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004. PMid:28412598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017...
,4949 Nusseck M, Immerz A, Spahn C, Echternach M, Richter B. Long-term effects of a voice training program for teachers on vocal and mental health. J Voice. 2021;35(3):438-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.016. PMid:31864892.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,5050 Orlikoff RF. Voice production during a weightlifting and support task. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2008;60(4):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277. PMid:18463414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277...
,5252 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...
,7272 Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063. PMid:15001827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063...
,7373 Titze IR, Long R, Shirley GI, Stathopoulos E, Ramig LO, Carroll LM, et al. Messa di voce: an investigation of the symmetry of crescendo and decrescendo in a singing exercise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;105(5):2933-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906. PMid:10335642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906...
,7979 Duffy OM, Hazlett DE. The impact of preventive voice care programs for training teachers: a longitudinal study. J Voice. 2004;18(1):63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00088-2. PMid:15070225.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)...
) e análise descritiva do espectrograma de faixa estreita(1515 Andrade PA, Wood G, Ratcliffe P, Epstein R, Pijper A, Svec JG. Electroglottographic study of seven semi-occluded exercises: LaxVox, straw, lip-trill, tongue-trill, humming, hand-over-mouth, and tongue-trill combined with hand-over-mouth. J Voice. 2014;28(5):589-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004. PMid:24560003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....
,1717 Barrichelo-Lindström V, Behlau M. Resonant voice in acting students: perceptual and acoustic correlates of the trained Y-Buzz by Lessac. J Voice. 2009;23(5):603-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.12.001. PMid:18411035.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....

18 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....

19 Boone DR, McFarlane SC. A critical view of the yawn-sigh as a voice therapy technique. J Voice. 1993;7(1):75-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80114-6. PMid:8353622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
-2020 Bruno E, De Padova A, Napolitano B, Marroni P, Batelli R, Ottaviani F, et al. Voice disorders and posturography: variables to define the success of rehabilitative treatment. J Voice. 2009;23(1):71-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.06.002. PMid:17981012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....
,2626 Garcia EZ, Yamashita HK, Garcia DS, Padovani MM, Azevedo RR, Chiari BM. Applicability of cone beam computed tomography to the assessment of the vocal tract before and after vocal exercises in normal subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(4):183-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383. PMid:28171875.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383...

27 Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of an artificially lengthened vocal tract on estimated glottal contact quotient in untrained male voices. J Voice. 2010;24(1):57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.05.004. PMid:19135851.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008....
-2828 Gaskill CS, Quinney DM. The effect of resonance tubes on glottal contact quotient with and without task instruction: a comparison of trained and untrained voices. J Voice. 2012;26(3):e79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003. PMid:21550779.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,4343 Meerschman I, Bettens K, Dejagere S, Tetaert L, D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, et al. Effect of two isolated vocal-facilitating techniques chant talk and pitch inflections on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(6):771.e17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007. PMid:26725548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

44 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, De Cock E, Neyens H, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effectiveness of chewing technique on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(5):574-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016. PMid:26292796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

45 Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, Catry T, Ruigrok B, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effect of two isolated vocal facilitating techniques glottal fry and yawn-sigh on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Commun Disord. 2017;66:40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004. PMid:28412598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017...
-4646 Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006. PMid:15070227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....
,5151 Paes SM, Behlau M. Dosage dependent effect of high-resistance straw exercise in dysphonic and non-dysphonic women. CoDAS. 2017;29(1):e20160048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016048. PMid:28300957.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017...
,5757 Schneider B, Bigenzahn W. How we do it: voice therapy to improve vocal constitution and endurance in female student teachers. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(1):66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00937.x. PMid:15748195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.20...
,5959 Smith CG, Finnegan EM, Karnell MP. Resonant voice: spectral and nasendoscopic analysis. J Voice. 2005;19(4):607-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.09.004. PMid:16301106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004....
,6969 Mercer E, Lowell SY. The low mandible maneuver: preliminary study of its effects on aerodynamic and acoustic measures. J Voice. 2020;34(4):645.e1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.12.005. PMid:30639152.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,7070 Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019. PMid:32389238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,7575 Guzman M, Angulo M, Muñoz D, Mayerhoff R. Effect on long-term average spectrum of pop singers’ vocal warm-up with vocal function exercises. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;15(2):127-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012.702283. PMid:22909150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012....

76 Pabon P, Stallinga R, Södersten M, Ternström S. Effects on vocal range and voice quality of singing voice training: the classically trained female voice. J Voice. 2014;28(1):36-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.06.005. PMid:24084360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....
-7777 Rossiter D, Howard DM, DeCosta M. Voice development under training with and without the influence of real-time visually presented biofeedback. J Acoust Soc Am. 1996;99(5):3253-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872. PMid:8642130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872...
,8383 McHenry M, Johnson J, Foshea B. The effect of specific versus combined warm-up strategies on the voice. J Voice. 2009;23(5):572-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.01.003. PMid:18411037.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008....
,8686 Laukkanen AM, Lindholm P, Vilkman E, Haataja K, Alku P. A physiological and acoustic study on voiced bilabial fricative/beta:/as a vocal exercise. J Voice. 1996;10(1):67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(96)80020-8. PMid:8653180.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(96)...
). A variabilidade da frequência fundamental (fo) foi o parâmetro mais destacado entre os artigos que apresentaram a avaliação acústica como medida para mensurar os efeitos das intervenções em indivíduos com vozes saudáveis. De maneira geral, houve ampliação na variabilidade de fo(1818 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,2222 Dallaston K, Rumbach AF. Vocal performance of group fitness instructors before and after instruction: changes in acoustic measures and self-ratings. J Voice. 2016;30(1):127.e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.007. PMid:25795364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
) após a intervenção, indicando um aumento da extensão vocal, tanto na voz falada, quanto na voz cantada.

As medidas cepstrais/espectrais foram observadas entre as mais citadas nos estudos revisados. O cepstro destaca em que medida dos harmônicos provindos da fo são individualizados e como se destacam em relação ao nível de ruído que está presente no sinal(8787 Lopes LW, Sousa ESDS, Silva ACFD, Silva IM, Paiva MAA, Vieira VJD, et al. Cepstral measures in the assessment of severity of voice disorders. CoDAS. 2019;31(4):e20180175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182018175. PMid:31433040.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2018...
). Em geral, houve elevação nos valores do CPP (Cepstral Peak Prominence) e CPPS (Cepstral Peak Prominence-Smoothed) após a intervenção vocal(2525 Fujiki RB, Oliver AJ, Sivasankar MP, Craig BA, Malandraki GA. Secondary voice outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing two head/neck strengthening exercises in healthy older adults: a preliminary report. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019;62(2):318-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338. PMid:30950703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-1...
,6363 Toles LE, Ortiz AJ, Marks KL, Mehta DD, Van Stan JH, Hillman RE. Amount and characteristics of speaking and singing voice use in vocally healthy female college student singers during a typical week. J Voice. 2022;36(2):203-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.029. PMid:32451254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
,6666 Van Stan JH, Park SW, Jarvis M, Stemple J, Hillman RE, Sternad D. Quantitative assessment of learning and retention in virtual vocal function exercises. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(1):1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00357. PMid:33285082.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-...
,7070 Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019. PMid:32389238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,7474 Antonetti AEDS, Ribeiro VV, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Effects of performance time of the voiced high-frequency oscillation and lax vox technique in vocally healthy subjects. J Voice. 2022;36(1):140.e29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.008. PMid:32507328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
). Dessa forma, a intervenção vocal parece ter o efeito de aumentar a energia harmônica presente no sinal vocal após a intervenção com indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

O segundo procedimento de avaliação mais citado para monitoramento do efeito de intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis foi a eletroglotografia (n=55, 56,7%). Tal procedimento é uma tecnologia não invasiva de baixo custo, utilizada para mensurar a atividade vibratória e as modificações da área de contato relativas às pregas vocais, durante a produção da voz. Considerando o seu caráter não invasivo, a eletroglotografia é uma importante alternativa à imagem endoscópica e às medidas aerodinâmicas para monitoramento fisiológico da produção vocal em tempo real.

As medidas de eletroglotografia mais utilizadas foram o quociente de contato glótico(1515 Andrade PA, Wood G, Ratcliffe P, Epstein R, Pijper A, Svec JG. Electroglottographic study of seven semi-occluded exercises: LaxVox, straw, lip-trill, tongue-trill, humming, hand-over-mouth, and tongue-trill combined with hand-over-mouth. J Voice. 2014;28(5):589-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004. PMid:24560003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....
,2727 Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of an artificially lengthened vocal tract on estimated glottal contact quotient in untrained male voices. J Voice. 2010;24(1):57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.05.004. PMid:19135851.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008....
,2929 Gong T, Lu T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shen A, Niu J, et al. Effects of Liuzijue Qigong posture on aerodynamics of phonation in healthy volunteers. J Voice. 2022. (In press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.12.019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021....
,5050 Orlikoff RF. Voice production during a weightlifting and support task. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2008;60(4):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277. PMid:18463414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277...
,5454 Roy N, Ryker KS, Bless DM. Vocal violence in actors: an investigation into its acoustic consequences and the effects of hygienic laryngeal release training. J Voice. 2000;14(2):215-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80029-6. PMid:10875573.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)...
,7070 Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019. PMid:32389238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,7373 Titze IR, Long R, Shirley GI, Stathopoulos E, Ramig LO, Carroll LM, et al. Messa di voce: an investigation of the symmetry of crescendo and decrescendo in a singing exercise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;105(5):2933-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906. PMid:10335642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906...
,8585 Tyrmi J, Laukkanen AM. How stressful is “deep bubbling”? J Voice. 2017;31(2):262.e1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.04.013. PMid:27292094.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
,8888 Cordeiro GF, Montagnoli AN, Nemr NK, Menezes MH, Tsuji DH. Comparative analysis of the closed quotient for lip and tongue trills in relation to the sustained vowel /ε/. J Voice. 2012;26(1):e17-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.004. PMid:20926253.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010....

89 Dargin TC, Searl J. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises: aerodynamic and electroglottographic measurements in singers. J Voice. 2015;29(2):155-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.009. PMid:25261954.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....

90 Mills RD, Rivedal S, DeMorett C, Maples G, Jiang JJ. Effects of straw phonation through tubes of varied lengths on sustained vowels in normal-voiced participants. J Voice. 2018;32(3):386.e21-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.015. PMid:28648485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
-9191 Tyrmi J, Radolf V, Horáček J, Laukkanen AM. Resonance tube or lax vox? J Voice. 2017;31(4):430-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.10.024. PMid:28062093.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
), o quociente de fechamento glótico(2121 Calvache C, Guzman M, Bobadilla M, Bortnem C. Variation on vocal economy after different semioccluded vocal tract exercises in subjects with normal voice and dysphonia. J Voice. 2020;34(4):582-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007. PMid:30738783.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,2828 Gaskill CS, Quinney DM. The effect of resonance tubes on glottal contact quotient with and without task instruction: a comparison of trained and untrained voices. J Voice. 2012;26(3):e79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003. PMid:21550779.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,3232 Guzman M, Calvache C, Romero L, et al. Do different semi-occluded voice exercises affect vocal fold adduction differently in subjects diagnosed with hyperfunctional dysphonia? [published correction appears in folia phoniatr logop. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2015;67(2):68-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437353. PMid:26394210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437353...
,3333 Hamdan AL, Nassar J, Al Zaghal Z, El-Khoury E, Bsat M, Tabri D. Glottal contact quotient in Mediterranean tongue trill. J Voice. 2012;26(5):669.e11-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.008. PMid:22082865.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,3535 Kang J, Xue C, Piotrowski D, Gong T, Zhang Y, Jiang JJ. Lingering effects of straw phonation exercises on aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic parameters. J Voice. 2019;33(5):810.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.002. PMid:29866635.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,4040 Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098...
,7777 Rossiter D, Howard DM, DeCosta M. Voice development under training with and without the influence of real-time visually presented biofeedback. J Acoust Soc Am. 1996;99(5):3253-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872. PMid:8642130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872...
,9292 Echternach M, Köberlein M, Gellrich D, Guzman M, Laukkanen AM, Burk F, et al. Duration of biodynamic changes associated with water resistance therapy. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2021;46(3):126-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020.1785000. PMid:32583700.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020....

93 Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of a voiced lip trill on estimated glottal closed quotient. J Voice. 2008;22(6):634-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.03.012. PMid:17574810.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....

94 Kang J, Xue C, Lou Z, Scholp A, Zhang Y, Jiang JJ. The therapeutic effects of straw phonation on vocal fatigue. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(11):E674-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.28498. PMid:31971264.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.28498...

95 Paolillo NP, Carrozza L, Osio M, Rosa E, Scalabrin M. Inspiratory vocal fry: anatomical and physiological aspects, application in speech therapy, vocal pedagogy and singing. a pilot study. J Voice. 2021;35(3):394-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.10.004. PMid:31708370.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
-9696 Radhakrishnan NN. Nasal Resistance (NR) technique: a novel approach to improve glottal adduction. J Voice. 2022;36(1):91-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.020. PMid:32522383.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
) e o quociente de abertura(2121 Calvache C, Guzman M, Bobadilla M, Bortnem C. Variation on vocal economy after different semioccluded vocal tract exercises in subjects with normal voice and dysphonia. J Voice. 2020;34(4):582-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007. PMid:30738783.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,4040 Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098...
,9292 Echternach M, Köberlein M, Gellrich D, Guzman M, Laukkanen AM, Burk F, et al. Duration of biodynamic changes associated with water resistance therapy. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2021;46(3):126-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020.1785000. PMid:32583700.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020....
). Na maior parte dos casos, houve diminuição dos valores do quociente de contato após realização da intervenção, o que pode ser compatível com um contato mais suave entre as pregas vocais pós-intervenção.

A autoavaliação vocal foi o terceiro procedimento da avaliação multidimensional mais referido para mensurar os efeitos do treinamento em vozes saudáveis. Existe uma relação complementar entre o diagnóstico laríngeo, a avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e a autoavaliação vocal no processo de confirmação diagnóstica e monitoramento de um indivíduo com queixa vocal, seja ele disfônico ou vocalmente saudável(9797 Lopes LW, Silva HF, Evangelista DS, Silva JD, Simoes LB, Silva POC, et al. Relationship between vocal symptoms, severity of voice disorders, and laryngeal diagnosis in patients with voice disorders. Relação entre os sintomas vocais, intensidade do desvio vocal e diagnóstico laríngeo em pacientes com distúrbios da voz. CoDAS. 2016;28(4):439-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015062. PMid:27356190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2016...
). A autoavaliação traz informações únicas sobre as limitações e o impacto vivenciado pelo indivíduo, relacionado ao seu problema de voz. Obviamente, a maioria dos instrumentos de autoavaliação vocal validados são sensíveis apenas para populações de indivíduos disfônicos e podem ter restrições de aplicação em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

Nos estudos revisados, a escala analógica visual(1616 da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022. PMid:29861293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,3030 Gorham-Rowan M, Morris R, Waggener G. Measurement of blood lactate as a function of vocal loading and neuromuscular electrical stimulation: proof of concept. J Commun Disord. 2019;80:92-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.04.002. PMid:31132725.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019...
,3838 Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Tyrmi J, Vilkman E. Immediate effects of ‘voice massage’ treatment on the speaking voice of healthy subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2005;57(3):163-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136. PMid:15914999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136...
,4141 Leydon C, Mital K, DoCarmo J, Gaffney A, Ullucci P. The impact of vocal task on voice acoustics, effort and discomfort following submandibular neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy adults. J Voice. 2021;37(5):700-6. PMid:34116890.,5151 Paes SM, Behlau M. Dosage dependent effect of high-resistance straw exercise in dysphonic and non-dysphonic women. CoDAS. 2017;29(1):e20160048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016048. PMid:28300957.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017...
,5353 Portillo MP, Rojas S, Guzman M, Quezada C. Comparison of effects produced by physiological versus traditional vocal warm-up in contemporary commercial music singers. J Voice. 2018;32(2):200-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.022. PMid:28579159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
,7474 Antonetti AEDS, Ribeiro VV, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Effects of performance time of the voiced high-frequency oscillation and lax vox technique in vocally healthy subjects. J Voice. 2022;36(1):140.e29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.008. PMid:32507328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
,8181 Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Ilomaki I. Self-evaluation of voice as a treatment outcome measure. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2009;61(1):57-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201000. PMid:19204394.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201000...
,9898 De Bodt MS, Clement G, Wuyts FL, Borghs C, Van Lierde KM. The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal voice quality. J Voice. 2012;26(6):818.e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.05.003. PMid:23177749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012....
) foi a ferramenta mais utilizada para mensurar a autopercepção vocal do indivíduo antes e após a intervenção. Houve grande variabilidade no construto mensurado por essa escala, envolvendo desde a intensidade/frequência de sintomas até a percepção de esforço associado à produção vocal. Isso pode ser justificado pelo fato de que a maioria dos protocolos de autoavaliação tenha sido validada para populações disfônicas e pode não ser responsiva a intervenções com sujeitos vocalmente saudáveis.

A avaliação aerodinâmica foi o quarto procedimento mais citado nos estudos revisados. A extração do tempo máximo de fonação (TMF) em segundos foi a estratégia mais utilizada(1616 da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022. PMid:29861293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,1818 Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011. PMid:31196690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
,2323 D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(8):1937-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050. PMid:23564361.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050...
,2424 Ellis LW, Beltyukova SA. Effects of compliance monitoring of vocal function exercises on voice outcome measures for normal voice. Percept Mot Skills. 2011;112(3):729-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.112.3.729-736. PMid:21853762.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.1...
,5050 Orlikoff RF. Voice production during a weightlifting and support task. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2008;60(4):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277. PMid:18463414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277...
,5252 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...
,5555 Sabol JW, Lee L, Stemple JC. The value of vocal function exercises in the practice regimen of singers. J Voice. 1995;9(1):27-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80220-6. PMid:7757147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
,6060 Stemple JC, Lee L, D’Amico B, Pickup B. Efficacy of vocal function exercises as a method of improving voice production. J Voice. 1994;8(3):271-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80299-1. PMid:7987430.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
,6262 Tay EY, Phyland DJ, Oates J. The effect of vocal function exercises on the voices of aging community choral singers. J Voice. 2012;26(5):672-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014. PMid:22717496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,6464 Van Lierde KM, d’Haeseleer E, Deley S, Luyten A, Baudonck N, Claeys S, et al. The impact of a voice counseling procedure to select students with normal vocal characteristics for starting a master program in speech language pathology: a pilot study. J Voice. 2012;26(5):623-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.11.003. PMid:22285454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
,6565 Van Lierde KM, D’haeseleer E, Baudonck N, Claeys S, De Bodt M, Behlau M. The impact of vocal warm-up exercises on the objective vocal quality in female students training to be speech language pathologists. J Voice. 2011;25(3):e115-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.004. PMid:20236794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....
,7070 Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019. PMid:32389238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,7272 Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063. PMid:15001827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063...
,9898 De Bodt MS, Clement G, Wuyts FL, Borghs C, Van Lierde KM. The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal voice quality. J Voice. 2012;26(6):818.e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.05.003. PMid:23177749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012....
), o que pode ser justificado pela aparente simplicidade no procedimento de coleta, que dispensa o uso de dispositivos tecnológicos de alto custo. Nos estudos revisados(1616 da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022. PMid:29861293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018....
,2424 Ellis LW, Beltyukova SA. Effects of compliance monitoring of vocal function exercises on voice outcome measures for normal voice. Percept Mot Skills. 2011;112(3):729-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.112.3.729-736. PMid:21853762.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.1...
,5555 Sabol JW, Lee L, Stemple JC. The value of vocal function exercises in the practice regimen of singers. J Voice. 1995;9(1):27-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80220-6. PMid:7757147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
,6060 Stemple JC, Lee L, D’Amico B, Pickup B. Efficacy of vocal function exercises as a method of improving voice production. J Voice. 1994;8(3):271-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80299-1. PMid:7987430.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
,6262 Tay EY, Phyland DJ, Oates J. The effect of vocal function exercises on the voices of aging community choral singers. J Voice. 2012;26(5):672-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014. PMid:22717496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
), os indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis obtiveram aumento significativo no TMF após intervenção vocal. Embora o TMF seja tradicionalmente utilizado como uma medida de avaliação vocal, os valores tendem a ter grande variabilidade intra e intersujeitos, o que pode limitar o seu uso como medida de efeito. A recomendação é que o TMF seja interpretado conjuntamente com outras medidas de avaliação vocal, tais como as medidas acústicas, outras medidas aerodinâmicas, sempre integradas às queixas e demandas trazidas pelo cliente(9999 Gilman M. Revisiting sustained phonation time of /s/, /z/, and /α/. J Voice. 2021 Nov;35(6):935.e13-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.03.012. PMid:32345503.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
).

O quinto procedimento de avaliação mais citado foi o JPA. Na prática clínica fonoaudiológica, o JPA e a análise acústica são os procedimentos mais utilizados na avaliação vocal(33 Roy N, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Eadie T, Sivasankar MP, Mehta D, Paul D, et al. Evidence-based clinical voice assessment: a systematic review. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;22(2):212-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0014). PMid:23184134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012...
). Dos 97 estudos investigados, 12 demonstraram mudanças no JPA dos participantes pré e pós-treinamento vocal(1717 Barrichelo-Lindström V, Behlau M. Resonant voice in acting students: perceptual and acoustic correlates of the trained Y-Buzz by Lessac. J Voice. 2009;23(5):603-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.12.001. PMid:18411035.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....
,3131 Grillo EU, Verdolini K. Evidence for distinguishing pressed, normal, resonant, and breathy voice qualities by laryngeal resistance and vocal efficiency in vocally trained subjects. J Voice. 2008;22(5):546-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.008. PMid:17400426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
,3939 Laukkanen AM, Syrjä T, Laitala M, Leino T. Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors’ speaking voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(2):66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479. PMid:15260182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034...
,4646 Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006. PMid:15070227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003....
,5252 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...
,6363 Toles LE, Ortiz AJ, Marks KL, Mehta DD, Van Stan JH, Hillman RE. Amount and characteristics of speaking and singing voice use in vocally healthy female college student singers during a typical week. J Voice. 2022;36(2):203-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.029. PMid:32451254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020....
,7171 Sapienza CM, Crandell CC, Curtis B. Effects of sound-field frequency modulation amplification on reducing teachers’ sound pressure level in the classroom. J Voice. 1999;13(3):375-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80042-3. PMid:10498053.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)...
,7272 Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063. PMid:15001827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063...
,7878 Bagnall AD, McCulloch K. The impact of specific exertion on the efficiency and ease of the voice: a pilot study. J Voice. 2005;19(3):384-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.06.002. PMid:16102665.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004....
,8585 Tyrmi J, Laukkanen AM. How stressful is “deep bubbling”? J Voice. 2017;31(2):262.e1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.04.013. PMid:27292094.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
,100100 Bane M, Brown M, Angadi V, Croake DJ, Andreatta RD, Stemple JC. Vocal function exercises for normal voice: with and without semi-occlusion. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019;21(2):175-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2017.1416176. PMid:29614887.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2017....
,101101 Verdolini Abbott K, Li NY, Branski RC, Rosen CA, Grillo E, Steinhauer K, et al. Vocal exercise may attenuate acute vocal fold inflammation. J Voice. 2012;26(6):814.e1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.03.008. PMid:23177745.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012....
). De maneira geral, houve redução dos graus de rugosidade(5656 Santana ÉR, Masson MLV, Araújo TM. The effect of surface hydration on teachers’ voice quality: an intervention study. J Voice. 2017;31(3):383.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019. PMid:27765431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
,5757 Schneider B, Bigenzahn W. How we do it: voice therapy to improve vocal constitution and endurance in female student teachers. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(1):66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00937.x. PMid:15748195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.20...
,6262 Tay EY, Phyland DJ, Oates J. The effect of vocal function exercises on the voices of aging community choral singers. J Voice. 2012;26(5):672-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014. PMid:22717496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
) e de soprosidade(3131 Grillo EU, Verdolini K. Evidence for distinguishing pressed, normal, resonant, and breathy voice qualities by laryngeal resistance and vocal efficiency in vocally trained subjects. J Voice. 2008;22(5):546-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.008. PMid:17400426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
,5252 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...
,5656 Santana ÉR, Masson MLV, Araújo TM. The effect of surface hydration on teachers’ voice quality: an intervention study. J Voice. 2017;31(3):383.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019. PMid:27765431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016....
) após a intervenção vocal. A partir de tais dados, pode-se compreender a necessidade de métricas de JPA para monitoramento de efeito do treinamento com indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis, uma vez que os parâmetros de rugosidade e soprosidade estão mais associados às vozes disfônicas.

A análise do exame visual laríngeo foi o procedimento da avaliação multidimensional menos utilizado para monitoramento do efeito do treinamento vocal em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis(1919 Boone DR, McFarlane SC. A critical view of the yawn-sigh as a voice therapy technique. J Voice. 1993;7(1):75-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80114-6. PMid:8353622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
,4242 Maxwell MJ, English JD, Moppett IK, McGlashan JA, Norris AM. Vocalization assessed by electrolaryngography is unaffected by topical lidocaine anesthesia: a prospective, crossover, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(4):785-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182455b71. PMid:22314690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182...
,5252 Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074. PMid:32049106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019...
,5858 Segall LE. The effect of group singing on the voice and swallow function of healthy, sedentary, older adults: A pilot study. Arts Psychother. 2017;55:40-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02.007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02....
,6565 Van Lierde KM, D’haeseleer E, Baudonck N, Claeys S, De Bodt M, Behlau M. The impact of vocal warm-up exercises on the objective vocal quality in female students training to be speech language pathologists. J Voice. 2011;25(3):e115-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.004. PMid:20236794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....
,7272 Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063. PMid:15001827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063...
,8484 Pimenta RA, Dájer ME, Hachiya A, Tsuji DH, Montagnoli AN. Parameters acoustic and high-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises. CoDAS. 2013;25(6):577-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822014000100010. PMid:24626983.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822014...
,9898 De Bodt MS, Clement G, Wuyts FL, Borghs C, Van Lierde KM. The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal voice quality. J Voice. 2012;26(6):818.e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.05.003. PMid:23177749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012....
,101101 Verdolini Abbott K, Li NY, Branski RC, Rosen CA, Grillo E, Steinhauer K, et al. Vocal exercise may attenuate acute vocal fold inflammation. J Voice. 2012;26(6):814.e1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.03.008. PMid:23177745.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012....

102 Dargin TC, DeLaunay A, Searl J. Semioccluded vocal tract exercises: changes in laryngeal and pharyngeal activity during stroboscopy. J Voice. 2016;30(3):377.e1-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.05.006. PMid:26390961.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....

103 Patel RR, Walker R, Sivasankar PM. Spatiotemporal quantification of vocal fold vibration after exposure to superficial laryngeal dehydration: a preliminary study. J Voice. 2016;30(4):427-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.07.009. PMid:26277075.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
-104104 Stemple JC, Weiler E, Whitehead W, Komray R. Electromyographic biofeedback training with patients exhibiting a hyperfunctional voice disorder. Laryngoscope. 1980;90(3):471-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.5540900314. PMid:7359968.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.554090031...
) (n=16, 16,5%). O número reduzido de estudos pode ser justificado pelo alto custo do exame e por ser um procedimento invasivo. Além disso, em população vocalmente saudável que procura o fonoaudiólogo para melhora da sua produção vocal, o exame visual laríngeo costuma ser realizado apenas no momento inicial do treinamento, com o objetivo de confirmar a ausência de alteração estrutural, funcional ou vibratória na laringe. Na maioria dos casos, observaram-se, no exame visual laríngeo pós-treinamento, maior abaixamento da laringe e maior abertura da faringe(1919 Boone DR, McFarlane SC. A critical view of the yawn-sigh as a voice therapy technique. J Voice. 1993;7(1):75-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80114-6. PMid:8353622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)...
), melhora do fechamento glótico(9898 De Bodt MS, Clement G, Wuyts FL, Borghs C, Van Lierde KM. The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal voice quality. J Voice. 2012;26(6):818.e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.05.003. PMid:23177749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012....
) e maior alongamento das pregas vocais em tarefas de glissando ascendente(9595 Paolillo NP, Carrozza L, Osio M, Rosa E, Scalabrin M. Inspiratory vocal fry: anatomical and physiological aspects, application in speech therapy, vocal pedagogy and singing. a pilot study. J Voice. 2021;35(3):394-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.10.004. PMid:31708370.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019....
).

Caracterização dos estudos selecionados

Observou-se grande variabilidade metodológica nos 97 estudos selecionados nesta pesquisa. Quase metade dos estudos investigados (n= 48, 49,5%) correspondia ao desenho de estudo antes e depois. Tais achados reforçam a importância da realização de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre treinamento vocal de indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis para fortalecer a base de evidências na área. Os resultados de estudos do tipo antes e depois podem ter caráter mais exploratório, favorecendo análises exploratórias, ou mesmo especulações sobre o efeito do treinamento na população investigada.

Quanto às características da intervenção, observou-se que a maioria dos estudos (n= 85, 87,6%) envolveu a intervenção direta, assim como muitos estudos realizaram apenas uma sessão de treinamento (n=51, 52,6%) e avaliaram somente o efeito imediato do treinamento vocal (n=52, 52,6%). O tempo total da intervenção teve o mínimo de menos de um minuto e o máximo de 14 horas de treinamento distribuído entre as sessões.

O predomínio de intervenções diretas fortalece a compreensão dos especialistas na área de que o treinamento vocal deve envolver estratégias que mobilizem os parâmetros fisiológicos, biomecânicos e aerodinâmicos relacionados à produção vocal eficiente nessa população. O número e o tempo das sessões apresentaram muita variabilidade entre os estudos, o que reforça o fato de que o treinamento para sujeitos vocalmente saudáveis é desenvolvido de forma individualizada, focada mais no efeito de exercícios isolados do que em programas para o desenvolvimento global da eficiência vocal. Além disso, destaca-se o grande número de estudos com mensuração de efeito imediato, sem follow-up dos participantes para verificar a transferência dos comportamentos e ajustes vocais desenvolvidos para as situações cotidianas. Essa área de atuação ainda não tem balizadores bem definidos quanto aos programas de treinamento para indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis, priorizando programas individualizados, o que pode limitar a comparação de efeitos.

A diferença de tempo na realização do treinamento dificulta resumir e comparar os efeitos das estratégias e técnicas utilizadas. Além disso, o treinamento deve respeitar as questões relacionadas à fisiologia do exercício, estruturando a sequência e a dose dos exercícios, número de séries e período de treino(105105 Saxon KG, Berry SL. Vocal exercise physiology: same principles, new training paradigms. J Sing. 2009;66:51-7.).

Quanto às características das amostras nos estudos, houve grande variabilidade no número de participantes (mínimo de um e máximo de 154), com predomínio de mulheres (n=1.403, 71,0%) e de indivíduos sem uso profissional da voz (n=59, 60,8%), assim como na média de idade de 27,7±12,9 anos. A possível limitação no tamanho da amostra pode impactar na generalização dos resultados encontrados para outras populações. O predomínio de mulheres parece estar em consonância da maior procura de pessoas do gênero feminino, tanto no contexto da reabilitação, quanto do treinamento vocal.

Em geral, as mulheres buscam mais os serviços de saúde do que os homens e possuem maior porcentagem nos encaminhamentos para serviços clínicos na área de voz(106106 Gomes R, Nascimento EF, Araújo FC. Por que os homens buscam menos os serviços de saúde do que as mulheres? As explicações de homens com baixa escolaridade e homens com ensino superior. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(3):565-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2007000300015. PMid:17334571.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2007...
). Além disso, é importante destacar que, de forma geral, as mulheres têm mais contato com os serviços de saúde, não apenas por busca ao atendimento nas diferentes áreas de prevenção e atenção à saúde, mas também pelo acompanhamento com filhos, esposo, pais e demais familiares. Por essa razão, a mulher possui acesso e maior conhecimento dos diferentes programas de atendimento à saúde. O acesso à informação garante a esse público maior participação nos diferentes atendimentos na área de saúde. Sendo assim, pesquisas e programas de cuidados com a voz tendem a chegar primeiro ao público feminino.

O público misto presente nos estudos analisados, incluindo profissionais e não profissionais da voz também era esperado, considerando-se que, tradicionalmente, os indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis que procuram o fonoaudiólogo possuem alguma demanda específica, seja da voz falada ou cantada. Por fim, a média de idade (com a maioria dos estudos envolvendo sujeitos entre 18-40 anos) parece refletir o interesse por compreender o efeito da intervenção em adultos jovens. O número reduzido de estudos com participantes em idade superior a 40 anos pode envolver a exclusão de mulheres com modificações hormonais típicas da menopausa. No entanto, considerando-se que indivíduos acima de 40 anos se mantêm social e profissionalmente ativos no mundo contemporâneo, torna-se importante refletir sobre a exclusão dessa população em estudos de intervenção junto a indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

O mapeamento realizado nesta pesquisa pode indicar a necessidade de planejamento em pesquisas futuras para a realização de ensaios clínicos randomizados, o que inclui, necessariamente, o cálculo amostral e aleatorização dos participantes na composição dos grupos experimental e controle, além da ampliação da amostra para que seja representativa da população profissionalmente ativa, por exemplo. Além disso, há uma grande variabilidade das medidas de avaliação dos efeitos de intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis.

Diferentemente da área clínica, no que diz respeito à avaliação e monitoramento de pacientes disfônicos, parece não existir consensos ou recomendações sobre um conjunto de medidas essenciais para avaliação do efeito do treinamento vocal em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis. Provavelmente, isso reflete a constituição histórica da área de voz, voltada para a reabilitação das disfonias ou para o trabalho de prevenção junto às populações de risco, como os professores, por exemplo.

Nesse sentido, na ausência de estudos robustos que produzam evidências sobre estratégias e programas que melhorem a produção vocal de indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis, o desenvolvimento de consensos quanto ao melhor conjunto de medidas e tarefas para verificação de efeito de intervenção, assim como a proposição de programas a serem implementados, pode ser um caminho inicial viável para ampliar a estruturação da área no campo da abordagem fonoaudiológica com vozes saudáveis.

CONCLUSÃO

Os estudos revisados apresentam variedade quanto à utilização das medidas de avaliação vocal em vozes saudáveis. A análise acústica é o procedimento mais utilizado para o monitoramento do efeito da intervenção em indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis, seguida pela eletroglotografia, autoavaliação vocal, avaliação aerodinâmica, JPA e exame visual laríngeo.

Material Suplementar

Este artigo é acompanhado de material suplementar:

Quadro 1. Medidas utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos das intervenções citadas pelos estudos selecionados, de acordo com cada dimensão de avaliação vocal.

Este material está disponível como parte da versão online do artigo na página: https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2022-2769pt

  • Trabalho realizado no Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB - João Pessoa (PB), Brasil.
  • Financiamento: Nada a declarar.

REFERÊNCIAS

  • 1
    Patel RR, Awan SN, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Courey M, Deliyski D, Eadie T, et al. Recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice: american speech-language-hearing association expert panel to develop a protocol for instrumental assessment of vocal function. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(3):887-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009 PMid:29955816.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009
  • 2
    Kasama ST, Brasolotto AG. Percepção vocal e qualidade de vida. Pro Fono. 2007;19(1):19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007000100003 PMid:17461344.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007000100003
  • 3
    Roy N, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Eadie T, Sivasankar MP, Mehta D, Paul D, et al. Evidence-based clinical voice assessment: a systematic review. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;22(2):212-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0014) PMid:23184134.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0014)
  • 4
    Arredondo A, Recamán AL, Castrejón B. Universal health coverage in the framework of the 2030 global agenda for sustainable development: agreements and challenges. J Glob Health. 2020 Jun 1;10(1):010316. http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010316 PMid:32257142.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010316
  • 5
    Lemke A, Dublinske S. Forecasting the future: impact of societal trends on the professions and ASHA. ASHA Lead. 2011 Apr;16(4):28-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR3.16042011.28
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR3.16042011.28
  • 6
    Oliveira P, Ribeiro VV, Florêncio DSF, Palhano M, Gonçalves RR, Alves do Nascimento M. Vocal training in healthy individuals: a scoping review. J Voice. 2022;1(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.004 PMid:35400555.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.004
  • 7
    Mayne GV, Namazi M. Social determinants of health: implications for voice disorders and their treatment. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2023 Apr 14;32(3):1050-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-21-00183 PMid:37059074.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-21-00183
  • 8
    Snell EN, Plexico LW, Weaver AJ, Sandage MJ. Quantifying vocal power: correlation of whole-body anaerobic power to vocal function measures. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020;63(8):2597-608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00110 PMid:32692587.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00110
  • 9
    Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006 PMid:15070227.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006
  • 10
    Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, Mcinerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors.Manual JBI para síntese de evidências Adelaide: JBI; 2020. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12
    » https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12
  • 11
    Sousa VD, Driessnack M, Mendes IA. An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 1: quantitative research designs. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007;15(3):502-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300022 PMid:17653437.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300022
  • 12
    Van Stan JH, Roy N, Awan S, Stemple J, Hillman RE. A taxonomy of voice therapy. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(2):101-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0030 PMid:25763678.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0030
  • 13
    Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021;88:105906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
  • 14
    Bunta F, Gósy M. Expanding the clinical toolset: acoustic analyses for speech-language pathologists and audiologists in the 21st century. Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups. 2022;7(6):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-00090
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-00090
  • 15
    Andrade PA, Wood G, Ratcliffe P, Epstein R, Pijper A, Svec JG. Electroglottographic study of seven semi-occluded exercises: LaxVox, straw, lip-trill, tongue-trill, humming, hand-over-mouth, and tongue-trill combined with hand-over-mouth. J Voice. 2014;28(5):589-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004 PMid:24560003.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004
  • 16
    da Silva Antonetti AE, Ribeiro VV, Moreira PAM, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Voiced high-frequency oscillation and laxvox: analysis of their immediate effects in subjects with healthy voice. J Voice. 2019;33(5):808.e7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022 PMid:29861293.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.022
  • 17
    Barrichelo-Lindström V, Behlau M. Resonant voice in acting students: perceptual and acoustic correlates of the trained Y-Buzz by Lessac. J Voice. 2009;23(5):603-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.12.001 PMid:18411035.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.12.001
  • 18
    Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures voice range profile, jitter, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011 PMid:31196690.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011
  • 19
    Boone DR, McFarlane SC. A critical view of the yawn-sigh as a voice therapy technique. J Voice. 1993;7(1):75-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80114-6 PMid:8353622.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80114-6
  • 20
    Bruno E, De Padova A, Napolitano B, Marroni P, Batelli R, Ottaviani F, et al. Voice disorders and posturography: variables to define the success of rehabilitative treatment. J Voice. 2009;23(1):71-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.06.002 PMid:17981012.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.06.002
  • 21
    Calvache C, Guzman M, Bobadilla M, Bortnem C. Variation on vocal economy after different semioccluded vocal tract exercises in subjects with normal voice and dysphonia. J Voice. 2020;34(4):582-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007 PMid:30738783.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007
  • 22
    Dallaston K, Rumbach AF. Vocal performance of group fitness instructors before and after instruction: changes in acoustic measures and self-ratings. J Voice. 2016;30(1):127.e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.007 PMid:25795364.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.007
  • 23
    D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(8):1937-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050 PMid:23564361.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24050
  • 24
    Ellis LW, Beltyukova SA. Effects of compliance monitoring of vocal function exercises on voice outcome measures for normal voice. Percept Mot Skills. 2011;112(3):729-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.112.3.729-736 PMid:21853762.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.15.28.PMS.112.3.729-736
  • 25
    Fujiki RB, Oliver AJ, Sivasankar MP, Craig BA, Malandraki GA. Secondary voice outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing two head/neck strengthening exercises in healthy older adults: a preliminary report. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019;62(2):318-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338 PMid:30950703.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338
  • 26
    Garcia EZ, Yamashita HK, Garcia DS, Padovani MM, Azevedo RR, Chiari BM. Applicability of cone beam computed tomography to the assessment of the vocal tract before and after vocal exercises in normal subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(4):183-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383 PMid:28171875.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449383
  • 27
    Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of an artificially lengthened vocal tract on estimated glottal contact quotient in untrained male voices. J Voice. 2010;24(1):57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.05.004 PMid:19135851.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.05.004
  • 28
    Gaskill CS, Quinney DM. The effect of resonance tubes on glottal contact quotient with and without task instruction: a comparison of trained and untrained voices. J Voice. 2012;26(3):e79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003 PMid:21550779.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003
  • 29
    Gong T, Lu T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shen A, Niu J, et al. Effects of Liuzijue Qigong posture on aerodynamics of phonation in healthy volunteers. J Voice. 2022. (In press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.12.019
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.12.019
  • 30
    Gorham-Rowan M, Morris R, Waggener G. Measurement of blood lactate as a function of vocal loading and neuromuscular electrical stimulation: proof of concept. J Commun Disord. 2019;80:92-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.04.002 PMid:31132725.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.04.002
  • 31
    Grillo EU, Verdolini K. Evidence for distinguishing pressed, normal, resonant, and breathy voice qualities by laryngeal resistance and vocal efficiency in vocally trained subjects. J Voice. 2008;22(5):546-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.008 PMid:17400426.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.008
  • 32
    Guzman M, Calvache C, Romero L, et al. Do different semi-occluded voice exercises affect vocal fold adduction differently in subjects diagnosed with hyperfunctional dysphonia? [published correction appears in folia phoniatr logop. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2015;67(2):68-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437353 PMid:26394210.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437353
  • 33
    Hamdan AL, Nassar J, Al Zaghal Z, El-Khoury E, Bsat M, Tabri D. Glottal contact quotient in Mediterranean tongue trill. J Voice. 2012;26(5):669.e11-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.008 PMid:22082865.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.008
  • 34
    Kagan LS, Heaton JT. The effectiveness of low-level light therapy in attenuating vocal fatigue. J Voice. 2017;31(3):384.e15-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.004 PMid:27839705.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.004
  • 35
    Kang J, Xue C, Piotrowski D, Gong T, Zhang Y, Jiang JJ. Lingering effects of straw phonation exercises on aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic parameters. J Voice. 2019;33(5):810.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.002 PMid:29866635.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.002
  • 36
    Kang J, Xue C, Chou A, Scholp A, Gong T, Zhang Y, et al. Comparing the exposure-response relationships of physiological and traditional vocal warm-ups on aerodynamic and acoustic parameters in untrained singers. J Voice. 2019;33(4):420-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.12.019 PMid:29422371.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.12.019
  • 37
    Kotby MN, Shiromoto O, Hirano M. The accent method of voice therapy: effect of accentuations on FO, SPL, and airflow. J Voice. 1993;7(4):319-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80120-1 PMid:8293064.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80120-1
  • 38
    Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Tyrmi J, Vilkman E. Immediate effects of ‘voice massage’ treatment on the speaking voice of healthy subjects. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2005;57(3):163-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136 PMid:15914999.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084136
  • 39
    Laukkanen AM, Syrjä T, Laitala M, Leino T. Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors’ speaking voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(2):66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479 PMid:15260182.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410034479
  • 40
    Laukkanen A-M. About the so called “resonance tubes” used in finnish voice training practice: an electroglottographic and acoustic investigation on the effects of this method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scand J Log Phon. 1992;17(3-4):151-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439209098733
  • 41
    Leydon C, Mital K, DoCarmo J, Gaffney A, Ullucci P. The impact of vocal task on voice acoustics, effort and discomfort following submandibular neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy adults. J Voice. 2021;37(5):700-6. PMid:34116890.
  • 42
    Maxwell MJ, English JD, Moppett IK, McGlashan JA, Norris AM. Vocalization assessed by electrolaryngography is unaffected by topical lidocaine anesthesia: a prospective, crossover, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(4):785-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182455b71 PMid:22314690.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182455b71
  • 43
    Meerschman I, Bettens K, Dejagere S, Tetaert L, D’haeseleer E, Claeys S, et al. Effect of two isolated vocal-facilitating techniques chant talk and pitch inflections on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(6):771.e17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007 PMid:26725548.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.007
  • 44
    Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, De Cock E, Neyens H, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effectiveness of chewing technique on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Voice. 2016;30(5):574-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016 PMid:26292796.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.016
  • 45
    Meerschman I, D’haeseleer E, Catry T, Ruigrok B, Claeys S, Van Lierde K. Effect of two isolated vocal facilitating techniques glottal fry and yawn-sigh on the phonation of female speech-language pathology students: a pilot study. J Commun Disord. 2017;66:40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004 PMid:28412598.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.004
  • 46
    Mendes AP, Brown WS Jr, Rothman HB, Sapienza C. Effects of singing training on the speaking voice of voice majors. J Voice. 2004;18(1):83-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006 PMid:15070227.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.006
  • 47
    Motel T, Fisher KV, Leydon C. Vocal warm-up increases phonation threshold pressure in soprano singers at high pitch. J Voice. 2003;17(2):160-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00003-1 PMid:12825648.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00003-1
  • 48
    Mürbe D, Pabst F, Hofmann G, Sundberg J. Effects of a professional solo singer education on auditory and kinesthetic feedback--a longitudinal study of singers’ pitch control. J Voice. 2004;18(2):236-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.05.001 PMid:15193657.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.05.001
  • 49
    Nusseck M, Immerz A, Spahn C, Echternach M, Richter B. Long-term effects of a voice training program for teachers on vocal and mental health. J Voice. 2021;35(3):438-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.016 PMid:31864892.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.016
  • 50
    Orlikoff RF. Voice production during a weightlifting and support task. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2008;60(4):188-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277 PMid:18463414.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000128277
  • 51
    Paes SM, Behlau M. Dosage dependent effect of high-resistance straw exercise in dysphonic and non-dysphonic women. CoDAS. 2017;29(1):e20160048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016048 PMid:28300957.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016048
  • 52
    Piragibe PC, Silverio KCA, Dassie-Leite AP, Hencke D, Falbot L, Santos K, et al. Comparison of the immediate effect of voiced oral high-frequency oscillation and flow phonation with resonance tube in vocally-healthy elderly women. Comparação do impacto imediato das técnicas de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada e sopro sonorizado com tubo de ressonância em idosas vocalmente saudáveis. CoDAS. 2020;32(4):e20190074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074 PMid:32049106.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019074
  • 53
    Portillo MP, Rojas S, Guzman M, Quezada C. Comparison of effects produced by physiological versus traditional vocal warm-up in contemporary commercial music singers. J Voice. 2018;32(2):200-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.022 PMid:28579159.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.022
  • 54
    Roy N, Ryker KS, Bless DM. Vocal violence in actors: an investigation into its acoustic consequences and the effects of hygienic laryngeal release training. J Voice. 2000;14(2):215-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80029-6 PMid:10875573.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80029-6
  • 55
    Sabol JW, Lee L, Stemple JC. The value of vocal function exercises in the practice regimen of singers. J Voice. 1995;9(1):27-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80220-6 PMid:7757147.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80220-6
  • 56
    Santana ÉR, Masson MLV, Araújo TM. The effect of surface hydration on teachers’ voice quality: an intervention study. J Voice. 2017;31(3):383.e5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019 PMid:27765431.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.019
  • 57
    Schneider B, Bigenzahn W. How we do it: voice therapy to improve vocal constitution and endurance in female student teachers. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(1):66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00937.x PMid:15748195.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00937.x
  • 58
    Segall LE. The effect of group singing on the voice and swallow function of healthy, sedentary, older adults: A pilot study. Arts Psychother. 2017;55:40-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02.007
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02.007
  • 59
    Smith CG, Finnegan EM, Karnell MP. Resonant voice: spectral and nasendoscopic analysis. J Voice. 2005;19(4):607-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.09.004 PMid:16301106.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.09.004
  • 60
    Stemple JC, Lee L, D’Amico B, Pickup B. Efficacy of vocal function exercises as a method of improving voice production. J Voice. 1994;8(3):271-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80299-1 PMid:7987430.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80299-1
  • 61
    Tafiadis D, Kosma EI, Chronopoulos SK, Papadopoulos A, Toki EI, Vassiliki S, et al. Acoustic and perceived measurements certifying tango as voice treatment method. J Voice. 2018;32(2):256.e13-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.016 PMid:28709765.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.016
  • 62
    Tay EY, Phyland DJ, Oates J. The effect of vocal function exercises on the voices of aging community choral singers. J Voice. 2012;26(5):672-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014 PMid:22717496.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.014
  • 63
    Toles LE, Ortiz AJ, Marks KL, Mehta DD, Van Stan JH, Hillman RE. Amount and characteristics of speaking and singing voice use in vocally healthy female college student singers during a typical week. J Voice. 2022;36(2):203-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.029 PMid:32451254.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.029
  • 64
    Van Lierde KM, d’Haeseleer E, Deley S, Luyten A, Baudonck N, Claeys S, et al. The impact of a voice counseling procedure to select students with normal vocal characteristics for starting a master program in speech language pathology: a pilot study. J Voice. 2012;26(5):623-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.11.003 PMid:22285454.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.11.003
  • 65
    Van Lierde KM, D’haeseleer E, Baudonck N, Claeys S, De Bodt M, Behlau M. The impact of vocal warm-up exercises on the objective vocal quality in female students training to be speech language pathologists. J Voice. 2011;25(3):e115-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.004 PMid:20236794.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.004
  • 66
    Van Stan JH, Park SW, Jarvis M, Stemple J, Hillman RE, Sternad D. Quantitative assessment of learning and retention in virtual vocal function exercises. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(1):1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00357 PMid:33285082.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00357
  • 67
    Yilmaz C, Bostancı Ö, Bulut S. Effect of respiratory muscle training on pitch range and sound duration in brass instrument players and singers. J Voice. 2022;36(1):76-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.012 PMid:32451252.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.012
  • 68
    Yiu EML, Liu CCY, Chan CYP, Barrett E, Lu D. Vibrational therapies for vocal fatigue. J Voice. 2021;35(1):29-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.009 PMid:31383515.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.009
  • 69
    Mercer E, Lowell SY. The low mandible maneuver: preliminary study of its effects on aerodynamic and acoustic measures. J Voice. 2020;34(4):645.e1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.12.005 PMid:30639152.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.12.005
  • 70
    Saccente-Kennedy B, Amarante Andrade P, Epstein R. A pilot study assessing the therapeutic potential of a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device (acapella choice) in the treatment of voice disorders. J Voice. 2020;34(3):487.e21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019 PMid:32389238.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.019
  • 71
    Sapienza CM, Crandell CC, Curtis B. Effects of sound-field frequency modulation amplification on reducing teachers’ sound pressure level in the classroom. J Voice. 1999;13(3):375-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80042-3 PMid:10498053.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80042-3
  • 72
    Timmermans B, De Bodt MS, Wuyts FL, Van de Heyning PH. Training outcome in future professional voice users after 18 months of voice training. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2004;56(2):120-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063 PMid:15001827.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076063
  • 73
    Titze IR, Long R, Shirley GI, Stathopoulos E, Ramig LO, Carroll LM, et al. Messa di voce: an investigation of the symmetry of crescendo and decrescendo in a singing exercise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;105(5):2933-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906 PMid:10335642.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426906
  • 74
    Antonetti AEDS, Ribeiro VV, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Effects of performance time of the voiced high-frequency oscillation and lax vox technique in vocally healthy subjects. J Voice. 2022;36(1):140.e29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.008 PMid:32507328.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.008
  • 75
    Guzman M, Angulo M, Muñoz D, Mayerhoff R. Effect on long-term average spectrum of pop singers’ vocal warm-up with vocal function exercises. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2013;15(2):127-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012.702283 PMid:22909150.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012.702283
  • 76
    Pabon P, Stallinga R, Södersten M, Ternström S. Effects on vocal range and voice quality of singing voice training: the classically trained female voice. J Voice. 2014;28(1):36-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.06.005 PMid:24084360.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.06.005
  • 77
    Rossiter D, Howard DM, DeCosta M. Voice development under training with and without the influence of real-time visually presented biofeedback. J Acoust Soc Am. 1996;99(5):3253-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872 PMid:8642130.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414872
  • 78
    Bagnall AD, McCulloch K. The impact of specific exertion on the efficiency and ease of the voice: a pilot study. J Voice. 2005;19(3):384-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.06.002 PMid:16102665.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.06.002
  • 79
    Duffy OM, Hazlett DE. The impact of preventive voice care programs for training teachers: a longitudinal study. J Voice. 2004;18(1):63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00088-2 PMid:15070225.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00088-2
  • 80
    Easterling C. Does an exercise aimed at improving swallow function have an effect on vocal function in the healthy elderly? Dysphagia. 2008;23(3):317-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9158-z PMid:18437461.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9158-z
  • 81
    Laukkanen AM, Leppänen K, Ilomaki I. Self-evaluation of voice as a treatment outcome measure. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2009;61(1):57-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201000 PMid:19204394.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201000
  • 82
    Mahalingam S, Boominathan P. Effects of steam inhalation on voice quality-related acoustic measures. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(10):2305-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25933 PMid:26972609.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25933
  • 83
    McHenry M, Johnson J, Foshea B. The effect of specific versus combined warm-up strategies on the voice. J Voice. 2009;23(5):572-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.01.003 PMid:18411037.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.01.003
  • 84
    Pimenta RA, Dájer ME, Hachiya A, Tsuji DH, Montagnoli AN. Parameters acoustic and high-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises. CoDAS. 2013;25(6):577-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822014000100010 PMid:24626983.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822014000100010
  • 85
    Tyrmi J, Laukkanen AM. How stressful is “deep bubbling”? J Voice. 2017;31(2):262.e1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.04.013 PMid:27292094.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.04.013
  • 86
    Laukkanen AM, Lindholm P, Vilkman E, Haataja K, Alku P. A physiological and acoustic study on voiced bilabial fricative/beta:/as a vocal exercise. J Voice. 1996;10(1):67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(96)80020-8 PMid:8653180.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(96)80020-8
  • 87
    Lopes LW, Sousa ESDS, Silva ACFD, Silva IM, Paiva MAA, Vieira VJD, et al. Cepstral measures in the assessment of severity of voice disorders. CoDAS. 2019;31(4):e20180175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182018175 PMid:31433040.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182018175
  • 88
    Cordeiro GF, Montagnoli AN, Nemr NK, Menezes MH, Tsuji DH. Comparative analysis of the closed quotient for lip and tongue trills in relation to the sustained vowel /ε/. J Voice. 2012;26(1):e17-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.004 PMid:20926253.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.004
  • 89
    Dargin TC, Searl J. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises: aerodynamic and electroglottographic measurements in singers. J Voice. 2015;29(2):155-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.009 PMid:25261954.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.009
  • 90
    Mills RD, Rivedal S, DeMorett C, Maples G, Jiang JJ. Effects of straw phonation through tubes of varied lengths on sustained vowels in normal-voiced participants. J Voice. 2018;32(3):386.e21-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.015 PMid:28648485.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.015
  • 91
    Tyrmi J, Radolf V, Horáček J, Laukkanen AM. Resonance tube or lax vox? J Voice. 2017;31(4):430-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.10.024 PMid:28062093.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.10.024
  • 92
    Echternach M, Köberlein M, Gellrich D, Guzman M, Laukkanen AM, Burk F, et al. Duration of biodynamic changes associated with water resistance therapy. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2021;46(3):126-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020.1785000 PMid:32583700.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020.1785000
  • 93
    Gaskill CS, Erickson ML. The effect of a voiced lip trill on estimated glottal closed quotient. J Voice. 2008;22(6):634-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.03.012 PMid:17574810.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.03.012
  • 94
    Kang J, Xue C, Lou Z, Scholp A, Zhang Y, Jiang JJ. The therapeutic effects of straw phonation on vocal fatigue. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(11):E674-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.28498 PMid:31971264.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.28498
  • 95
    Paolillo NP, Carrozza L, Osio M, Rosa E, Scalabrin M. Inspiratory vocal fry: anatomical and physiological aspects, application in speech therapy, vocal pedagogy and singing. a pilot study. J Voice. 2021;35(3):394-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.10.004 PMid:31708370.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.10.004
  • 96
    Radhakrishnan NN. Nasal Resistance (NR) technique: a novel approach to improve glottal adduction. J Voice. 2022;36(1):91-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.020 PMid:32522383.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.020
  • 97
    Lopes LW, Silva HF, Evangelista DS, Silva JD, Simoes LB, Silva POC, et al. Relationship between vocal symptoms, severity of voice disorders, and laryngeal diagnosis in patients with voice disorders. Relação entre os sintomas vocais, intensidade do desvio vocal e diagnóstico laríngeo em pacientes com distúrbios da voz. CoDAS. 2016;28(4):439-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015062 PMid:27356190.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015062
  • 98
    De Bodt MS, Clement G, Wuyts FL, Borghs C, Van Lierde KM. The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal voice quality. J Voice. 2012;26(6):818.e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.05.003 PMid:23177749.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.05.003
  • 99
    Gilman M. Revisiting sustained phonation time of /s/, /z/, and /α/. J Voice. 2021 Nov;35(6):935.e13-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.03.012 PMid:32345503.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.03.012
  • 100
    Bane M, Brown M, Angadi V, Croake DJ, Andreatta RD, Stemple JC. Vocal function exercises for normal voice: with and without semi-occlusion. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019;21(2):175-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2017.1416176 PMid:29614887.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2017.1416176
  • 101
    Verdolini Abbott K, Li NY, Branski RC, Rosen CA, Grillo E, Steinhauer K, et al. Vocal exercise may attenuate acute vocal fold inflammation. J Voice. 2012;26(6):814.e1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.03.008 PMid:23177745.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.03.008
  • 102
    Dargin TC, DeLaunay A, Searl J. Semioccluded vocal tract exercises: changes in laryngeal and pharyngeal activity during stroboscopy. J Voice. 2016;30(3):377.e1-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.05.006 PMid:26390961.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.05.006
  • 103
    Patel RR, Walker R, Sivasankar PM. Spatiotemporal quantification of vocal fold vibration after exposure to superficial laryngeal dehydration: a preliminary study. J Voice. 2016;30(4):427-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.07.009 PMid:26277075.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.07.009
  • 104
    Stemple JC, Weiler E, Whitehead W, Komray R. Electromyographic biofeedback training with patients exhibiting a hyperfunctional voice disorder. Laryngoscope. 1980;90(3):471-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.5540900314 PMid:7359968.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.5540900314
  • 105
    Saxon KG, Berry SL. Vocal exercise physiology: same principles, new training paradigms. J Sing. 2009;66:51-7.
  • 106
    Gomes R, Nascimento EF, Araújo FC. Por que os homens buscam menos os serviços de saúde do que as mulheres? As explicações de homens com baixa escolaridade e homens com ensino superior. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(3):565-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2007000300015 PMid:17334571.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2007000300015
  • 107
    Broaddus-Lawrence PL, Treole K, McCabe RB, Allen RL, Toppin L. The effects of preventive vocal hygiene education on the vocal hygiene habits and perceptual vocal characteristics of training singers. J Voice. 2000;14(1):58-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80095-8 PMid:10764117.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80095-8
  • 108
    Chen FC, Ma EP, Yiu EM. Facial bone vibration in resonant voice production. J Voice. 2014;28(5):596-602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.12.014 PMid:24629644.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.12.014
  • 109
    Croake DJ, Andreatta RD, Stemple JC. Immediate effects of the vocal function exercises semi-occluded mouth posture on glottal airflow parameters: a preliminary study. J Voice. 2017;31(2):245.e9-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.009 PMid:27595526.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.009
  • 110
    Elliot N, Sundberg J, Gramming P. Physiological aspects of a vocal exercise. J Voice. 1997;11(2):171-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80075-6 PMid:9181540.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80075-6
  • 111
    Garber SR, Burzynski CM, Vale C, Nelson R. The use of visual feedback to control vocal intensity and nasalization. J Commun Disord. 1979;12(5):399-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(79)90004-2 PMid:89126.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(79)90004-2
  • 112
    Hampala V, Laukkanen AM, Guzman MA, Horáček J, Švec JG. Vocal fold adjustment caused by phonation into a tube: a double-case study using computed tomography. J Voice. 2015;29(6):733-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.10.022 PMid:25770377.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.10.022
  • 113
    Iwahashi T, Ogawa M, Hosokawa K, Kato C, Inohara H. The effects of humming on the prephonatory vocal fold motions under high-speed digital imaging in nondysphonic speakers. J Voice. 2017;31(3):291-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.008 PMid:27726905.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.008
  • 114
    Jungheim M, Donner S, Bleeker S, Ripken T, Krueger A, Ptok M. Effect of saline inhalation on vocal fold epithelial morphology evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(10):E332-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25891 PMid:26972688.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25891
  • 115
    Robieux C, Galant C, Lagier A, Legou T, Giovanni A. Direct measurement of pressures involved in vocal exercises using semi-occluded vocal tracts. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2015;40(3):106-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2014.902496 PMid:24850270.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2014.902496
  • 116
    Sandage MJ, Connor NP, Pascoe DD. Voice function differences following resting breathing versus submaximal exercise. J Voice. 2013;27(5):572-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.04.001 PMid:23849683.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.04.001

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    13 Nov 2023
  • Data do Fascículo
    2023

Histórico

  • Recebido
    14 Fev 2023
  • Aceito
    24 Jul 2023
Academia Brasileira de Audiologia Rua Itapeva, 202, conjunto 61, CEP 01332-000, Tel.: (11) 3253-8711, Fax: (11) 3253-8473 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@audiologiabrasil.org.br