Resumo em Português:

São descritas as células glandulares das apófises do metatórax dos machos de alguns hesperidae. As apófises glândulas odoríferas já descritas morfològicamente na primeira parte dêste trabalho. Os orgãos compõem-se de elementos glandulares independentes e unicelulares cuja secreção é excretada de cada célula por uma escama odorifera e evaporada pela superfície da mesma. Os principais componentes das células glandulares são: a) corpo plasmático ativo que apresenta alterações citológicas típicas para as fases de repouso e de secreção, com zona basal de ergastoplasma e uma zona condutora incluindo um reservatório de secreção; b) o núcleo apresenta um aumento da superfície bem como, certas alterações durante as fazes de secreção, condicionadas pelas trocas entre núcleo e protoplasma; c) aparelho condutor de natureza quitinosa formado em tôdas as espécies pela inserção da escama. A respeito do aparelho condutor são descritos dois tipos de células glandulares: 1 - Células grandes com um canal muito prolongado que a atravessa em toda extensão; 2 - Células pequenas com canal condutor curto percorrendo sómente a parte apical da mesma. Ele ocupa uma posição simétrica ou assimétrica. O primeiro tipo encontra-se em espécies possuindo sómente êste aparelho como único órgão odorífero. O segundo tipo aparece em formas que têm, além das glândulas nas apófises, mais uma dobra costal também considerada como aparelho odorífero.

Resumo em Inglês:

The gland cells of the metathoracic apophyses of some Brazilian Hesperidae are descrived. The apophyses possess scent glands which were firstly descrived in the morphological part of this study (BARTH, 1). The gland represents a complex organ with a glandular part hidden in the mentioned apophyses, and with an evaporating part formed by a brush of bristles on the hand tibia. The gland surface of an apophyse is composed of unicellular and independent gland elements leading out their excretion each by means of a scent scale. The liquid apears on the surface of the scale for evaporation. The gland cells correspond to the trichogenic cells of the scent scales. The principal parts of each gland cell are: a) a secreting protoplasmic body with typical cytological alterations during the inactive and active phases, with an ergastoplasmic basal zone and a conduct apparatus of just the same material including a cavity for storage; b) a nucleus which, corresponding to the trophic correlation between nucleus and protoplasm, suffered an increasing of its surface and which runs through typical alterations during the phase of activity. The nulcei are extremly polymorphic. c) a conduct apparatus which in every case is formed by the insertion socket of the scale and, in consequence, is of cuticular nature. With regard to the conduct apparatus two types of glands are descrived: 1. large cells with a prolongated duct system running through the whole cell; 2. small cells with a shorter duct apparatus entering the apical part of the cell to occupy only one half of it, the cell thus becoming asymmetrical. The first type is found in species which possess only this apparatus as a scent organ, while the second one occurs in species which, in addition to the glands in the apophyses, have one more scent aparatus formed by a costal fold. This paper deals with the following species: Sebaldia busirus, Pellicia bromias, Pellicia polyctor, Heliopetes arsalte and Hesperia syrichtus. Different phases of function of the gland cells are descrived. The correlation between the nucleus and the protoplasm becomes specially distinct in the glands with big cells, in Sebaldia busirus and Pellicia bromias. During the formation of the scent material the nucleus grows considerably by taking up fluid substances, while the chromatic mass does not increase. Simultaneous with the expulsion of the liquid out of the protoplasm of the gland cells the nucleus excretes an important quantity of fluid substances which probably represents regenerators which, reacting like catalysatores, restore the original structure of protoplasm.

Resumo em de:

Es werden die Druesenzellen der Apophysen des Metathorax der Maennchen einiger brasilianischer Hesperiden dargestellt. Die Apopysen beherbergen Duftdruesen, die im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit (BARTH, 1) erstmalig morphologisch beschrieben wurden. Die Druese ist ein komplexorgan mit einem druesigen Teil in den genannten Apophysen und einem verdunstenden Teil in Form eines Borstenpinsels an der Hintertibie. Die Druesenflaeche einer Apophyse setzt sich aus einzelligen, selbstaend gen Druesenelementen zusammen, die ihr Sekret durch jeweils eine Duftschuppe ausleiten und auf ihr verdunsten lassen. Die Druesenzelle entspricht der trichogenen Zelle der Duftschuppe. Die Hauptteile der Druesenzelle sind: a) sezernierender Plasmakoerper mit typischen cytologischen Veraenderungen waehrend der Ruhe-und Sekretionsphase, mit ergastoplasmatischer Basalzone und einer ebensolchen Ausleitungszone, die einen Sekretsammelraum einschliesst; b) Kern, der entsprechend dem trophischen Wechselspiel zwischen Kern und Protoplasma eine Vergroesserung der Oberflaeche erfahren hat und waehrend der Sekretionsphasen charakteristische Veraenderungen durchlaeuft. Die Kerne sind extrem polymorph; c) Ausleitungsapparat, der in jedem Falle von der Insertion der Schuppe gebildet wird und damit ch t niger Natur ist. In Bezug auf den Ausleitungsapparat werden zwei Druesentypen unterschieden: 1. grosse Zellen mit stark verlaengertem Kanalsystem, das die ganze Zelle durchlaeuft; 2. kleine Zellen mit kuerzerem Ausleitungsapparat, der nur in den apikalen Zellteil eindringt, bezw, nur eine Zellhaelfte der in diesem Falle asymmetrischen Zelle einnimmt. Der erste Typ findet sich bei Arten, die nur diesen Apparat als Duftorgan besitzen, waehrend der zweite Typ bei Formen gefunden wird die ausser den Apophysendruesen noch einen ebenfalls als Duftreinrichtung gedeuteten Constalumschlag tragen. Zur Beschreibung gelangen die Druesen von: Sebaldia busirus, Pellicia bromias und polyctor, Heliopetes arsalte und Hesperia syrichtus. Es werden verschiedene Funktionsstadien der Druesenzellen beschrieben, wobei die Kern-Plasma-Korrelation besonders deutlich in den grosszelligen Druessen von Sebaldia busirus und Pellicia bromias zum Ausdruck kommt. Waehrend der Sekretbildung waechst der Kern bedeutend durch Aufnahme von Fluessigkeit. Das Chromatin wird nicht vermehrt. Waehrend des Sekretausstosses aus dem Zellplasma gibt der Kern bedeutende Mengen fluessiger Substanzen ab, die wahrscheinlich katalysatorartig wirkende Regeneratoren fuer die Wiederherstellung der urspruenglichen Plasmastruktur darstellen. Diese trophische Wechselwirkung zwischen Kern und Plasma ist sowohl an den grosskernigen, wie an den kleinkernigen Zellen zu beobachten.

Resumo em Português:

São descritos os órgãos odoríferos do macho de Mocis repanda. Foram encontrados: 1. Uma área com glândulas odoríferas na coxa anterior com um pincel-distribuidor no epímeron, fortemente modificado. o pincel abre-se automáticamente durante o movimento de deslocação da coxa para a frente. 2. Uma área de glândulas odoríferas nas arestas posteriores das tíbias e de todos os cinco artículos dos tarsos posteriores. O órgão inicialmente mencionado representa o tipo de um órgão complexo com o pincel-distribuidor inserindo-se fora da parea glandular. O outro, é um órgão simples, com escamas disseminadoras, que deixam evaporar a secreção das próprias células maternas. Por meio de observações com o microscópio eletrônico são descritas estruturas finas das escamas irradiadoras e distribuidoras formadas por micelas, até agora desconhecidas. As membranas das escamas disseminadoras, òticamente homogêneas, apresentam, ao microscópio eletrônico fios transversais, muito finos, com um diâmetro de apenas 0,057 micra. As estrias de ambas as fromas de escamas são compostas de finas escamas cobrindo-se uma ás outras, com a disposição de telhas. Elas são fixadas por trabéculas guardando uma distância uniforme entre si.

Resumo em Inglês:

In the present article the scent organ of Mocis repanda is descrived. There may be distinguished: 1. a field of scent glands with scent scales in the anterior coxa with a distributionbrush on the extremly modificated epimeron of the first thoracic segment. The brush is outstretched automaticly by moving the coxa foreward; 2. a field of scent glands along the hind borders of the tip of the posterior tibia and of all five limbs of the hind tarsus. The first mentioned organ represents a complex organ, the distribution-brush arrising at another part of the body. The second organ is a simples one with radiating scales which evaporate the excretion of their own cells (trichogenic cells). In fig. 9 the two final states of the opening of the distribution-brush are represented. Fig. 9 a shows the position of the brush in the inactive state, only with the coxa being little heaved up to show the quitinous lever (CH) which otherwise is hidden by the coxa. The quitinous lever is movable and arrises at the strait quitinous ligation between the poststernit and the intersternit of the prothorax. On the other extremity it is fused to the stalk(= epimeron) of the distribution-brush in the way that it passes across the foliated enlargement of the stalk and is fixed on the strengthened fore border of the same part, corresponding to fig. 4b. The articulation between the thorax and the stalk (= primitive, dorsal coxal articulation, dHG) is situated on the hind border of the stalk where the strengthened fore border turns to. The tip of the stalk is englarged to form a spoon and shelters the bristles of the tuft in its concave inner side. The bristles are densely attached; an overage of 6.200 attachments per mm² of them are counted. they are found to stand as crowded that the attachments touch each other (figs. 10 and 11). Moving the coxa foreward and slightly to the side (confer arrow in fig. 9~a), the dorsal articulation of the coxa is also shifted forward in a short...

Resumo em de:

Es werden die Duftorgane des Maennchens von Mocis repanda beschrieben. Es finden sich: 1. ein Duftdruesenfeld mit Duftschuppen auf der Vordercoxa mit einem Verteilerpinsel am stark modifizierten Epimeron. Der pinsel wird bei der Vorwaertsbewegung der Coxa automatisch ausgebreitet. 2. ein Duftdruesenfeld an den Hinterraendern der Spitze der Hintertibie und aller fuenf glieder des Hintertarsus. das erstgenannte Organ vertritt den Typ der Komplexorgane mit raeumlich entfernt inserierendem Verteilerpinsel. Das letztere ist ein einfaches Organ mit Strahlschuppen, die das Sekret ihrer eigenen Bildungszellen verdunsten lassen. Es werden an Hand von Untersuchungen mit dem Elektronenmikroskop bisher unbekannte Feinstrukturen des micellaren Aufbaus der Strahlschuppen und der Verteilerschuppen beschrieben. Die lichtoptisch homogen erscheinenden Membranen der Strahlschuppen zeigen im E. M. sehr duenne Gitterstaebe, die eine Staerke von nur 0,057 micron besitzen. Die Rippen beider Schuppenarten setzen sich aus kleinen Schueppchen zusammen, die sich dachziegelartig ueberdecken, aber durch Stuetzbalken in geringem Abstand gehalten werden.

Resumo em Inglês:

Since von Hibler gas grangrene has been considered a local infection with systemic symptoms. When we consider some of the symptoms of gas gangrene, those of the central nervous system are in evidence beeing similar to those observed in tetanus and botulism. It is likely therefore that gas gangrene intoxication and the disease caused by it are of neurotoxic nature. With Almeida Cardoso and Araujo Costa we were able to demonstrate lesions in the central nervous system of animals wich had been intoxicated during a short period of time as well in those with intoxication of longer duration. In acute intoxication, after intracreneal inoculation, severe alterations were seen within 20 to 30 minutes in the cells of the spinal cord, specially in motor cells and also in some cells of the posterior cord and spinal bulb. The changes consisted in chromatolysis and picnosis and were more marked in animals intoxicated with Clostridium histolyticum and Cl. perfringens toxines. Myelin sheet was unchanged. in delayed intoxication with greater and repeated dosis lesions of the central nervous system (brain, protuberance, medula ablongate and medula spinal) were observed. They consisted in hyperemia, perivascular hemorrages in white and grey substances, oedema, accumulation of glia cells with enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei, fragmentation of the myelin sheet and balooning degeneration of the described by Spielmeyer. Such changes were found in the swollen and hemorragic zones and were generally similar to those found in the acute type of Spielmeyer 9acute swelling and liquefation). Other changes found sometimes were agglutination of Nissl's bodies, sinous appearence of the dendritic endings, shruncken cells of Spielmeyer and neuronophagy around "ghost" cells. In short the changes...

Resumo em Português:

Descreveu-se o mecanismo saltatório do Halticíneo Homophoeta sexnotata. O aparelho se encontra localizado no fêmur e consta de uma placa cuticular arqueada, em forma de S, e, de uma placa menor, triangular. Tôdas as placas representam modificações dos tendões do abdutor e flexor da tíbia e mantêm ainda ligação com os mesmos. Pela colaboração das duas placas acumula-se uma forte tensão no tendão do abdutor (músculo saltatório). A tíbia não se pode esticar pois a placa trinagular fica presa numa cavidade da parede do fêmur. Apenas no momento da maior contração do abdutor a placa curvada força a saida da placa triangular do seu ponto de apóio. Desta maneira o forte músculo abdutor da tíbia exerce tôda a sua força, de uma só vez, sôbre a articulação da mesma, dando ao Coleóptero um forte impulso para saltar. O órgão é encontrado em grande número dos Halticíneos. em homenagem ao grande entomólogo brasileiro PROF. DR. ANGELO DA COSTA LIMA dei ao órgão o nome de ÓRGÂO DE COSTA LIMA.

Resumo em Inglês:

This paper deals with the saltatorial mecanism of the halticinae beetle Homophoeta sexnotata (Chrysomelidae). The apparatus lies in the femur and consists of a S-formed bent plate of cuticular material and a triangular smaller one both plates originating from the tendon of the abductor respectively of the flexor of the tibia and still hanging together with these. When the musculus flexor tibiae is contracted the triangular plate enters into the femur until its external edge is caught in a cavity of the inner side of the wall of the femur; simultaneously the bent plate that represents an enlargment of the tendon of the musculus abductor tibiae, becomes more dilated, causing a strong tension in it. During the relaxation of the flexor the tension in the bent plate only effects on the triangular plate which now remains fixed in the cavity. This plate, an enlargment of the musculus flexor tibiae, prevents the backward movement of the tibia. When now the abductor is contracted, the tension in the bent plate will encrease because of its extremily is rising a large tendon on which is fixed the larger part of the abductor. Moreover, three other parts of the abductor are fixed directly or by means of a tendon on the sides of the plate. These muscles are called dilatatores. The tension which will lead to extend the tibia for jumping of the beetle, cannot effect on the articulation jet because the triangular plate prevents every movement. On the summit of the contraction of the abductor a transverse edge of the bent plate is pressed against the triangular plate, this is slowly shifted to the side and at last jerks, suddenly out of its bed. Now all the accumulated tension, intensified by the contractive power of the large abductor, reacts upon the articulation of the tibia. The tibia extends with a violent power and shoots the beetle for some meters ahead. during the jump the insect opens its wings to fly independently. Biologically considered, this apparatus offers to the animal a great advantage: In danger the beetle takes off immediatly without losing precious time for opening the wings. The organ is generally found in halticinae. In honour of the great Brazilian entomologist PROF. DR. ANGELO DA COSTA LIMA this organ is proposed to be called the "ORGAN OF COSTA LIMA".

Resumo em de:

Es wird der Sprungmechanismus der Halticine Homophoeta sexnotata beschrieben. Der Apparat liegt im Femur und besteht aus einer S-foermig gebogenen Cuticularplatte und eine kleineren dreieckigen Platte, die beide aus den Sehnen des Abduktors und des Flexors der Tibie entstanden sind und mit diesen noch zusammenhaengen. Durch die Zusammenarbeit beider Platten wird die Sehne des Abduktors (Sprungmuskel) sehr stark gespannt. Die Spannung sammelt sich in der S-foermigen Platte und fuehrt erst dann zum Strecken der Tibie, wenn die Dreiecksplatte, die in der Ruhelage in einer Hoehlung der Femurwand einrastet, im Augenblick der staerksten kontraktion des Abduktors durch die S-foermige Platte aus ihres Lage gedraengt wird. Ein Strecken der Tibie aus der ruhelage ohne maximale Kontraktion des Abduktors ist wegen des Sperrmechanismus der Dreieckplatte nicht moeglich. Dieses organ wird zu Ehren von PROF. ANGELO DA COSTA LIMA das "COSTA LIMA' SCHE ORGAN" genannt. Das Organ hat eine allgemeine verbreitung unter den Halticinen.

Resumo em Inglês:

Total urinary neutral 17-steroids were determined in normal and in castrated horses. One liter of a 15-26 hours urine collection was hydrolysed by refluxing with 10% HC1 (v/v) for ten minutes and extracted with peroxyde-free ethyl ether. The extract was purified by washing with saturated NaHCO³ and KOH solutions. One half of the crude neutral fraction was fractionated with Girard's "T" reagent . The Zimmermann reaction was performed both in the ketonic and in the crude neutral extracts, using alcoholic 2.5N KOH and a 60 minutes period for the colour development in the dark. Optical density measuments were made in a grating Coleman Universal Spectrophotometer at 420 mµ and 520mµ; for the crude neutral fraction a colour correction equation was applied. The aliquot fraction used for colorimety was adjusted for keeping optical density measurements within the range 0.2 to 0.7. Androsterone (mp. 184-184.5°C) with an absorption maximum at 290.5 mµ (Beckman Model DU Spectrophotometer) was used as a reference standard. Table I, ilustrates the results obtained. At the 0.05 probability level there is a significant difference among castrated and normal group means (Fischer's "t" test.) when were used the data obtained from the ketonic fractions; in spite of the use of a colour correction applied for inespecific chromogens, the same results could not be obtained with the crude neutral fractions, Since Girard's reagent fractionation is generaly accepted as the best method for correcting the inespecific chromogen interference in the determination of the 17-ketosteroids by the Zimmermann reaction, we emphasize the value of the results obtained with the ketonic fractions. From these results it appears, as occurs in others mammals, that castrated horses show a lower level of urinary 17-ketosteroids excretion than the normal horses. The significance of the horse testis contribution for the neutral urinary steroid metabolites is discussed. Since horse urine has a low androgenic activity, the fractionation of the neutral 17-ketosteroids must be studied more accurately.

Resumo em Português:

O autor procurou estabelecer os dados relativos ao hemograma de coelho normal, do biotério do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, encontrando as seguintes médias: hematias 5.186.000 por mm3, leucócitos 10.419 por mm3, e na contagem específica os seguintes valores para Heterófilos 40%, basófilos 2.5%, eosinófilos 0.2%, monócitos 6.5% e linfócitos 50%, e células de Tuerk 0.8%. Pode o autor confirmar o achado de AGOSIN, referente à presença de células morfológicamente semelhantes ás de TUERK, no sangue periférico dos coelhos normais. Realizou ainda, uma revisão bibliográfica do assunto.

Resumo em Inglês:

The author has established data on blood counting of normal rabbits, from the Bioterio of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, having found the following averages: red cells 5,186,000 per cu. milimeter; white blood cells, 10,419 per cu. milimeter. For shilling's counting, the following values: Heterophiles, 40% basophiles, 2,5%; eosinophiles, 0,2%; monocites, 6,5%; lymphocites 50% and Tuerk's cells, 0,8%. The author confirms Agosin's discovery on the presence of cells morphologically similar to Tuerk's in peripheric blood of normal rabbits. Has done, also, a bibliographical research on this subject.

Resumo em Português:

1) As bactérias são lisadas pelos fosfatos, cuja atividade lítica varia com o sal de fosfato, os trivalentes sendo mais ativos. 2) A fosfatólise independente da viabilidade da bactéria. 3) A fosfatólise póde interferir nas suspensões com tampões de fosfatos e na preservação de hemoculturas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Bacteria are lysed by phosphates in low concentrations. Differences were observed in the lytic activity according to the salt, the trivalente salt being the more active. The lytic action is not always dependent of the living or dead state of the microorganisms. It seems that this "bacterial phosphatolysis" is of importance for the preservation of microorganisms in culture media or in a simple solution containing phosphates.

Resumo em Inglês:

In recent speech in Curitiba (May 22nd, 1954), Dr. Mario Pinotti, Director, Serviço Nacional da Malaria, informed that his personnel started on February, 1953, a survey upon chagas Disease in 23 counties of the State of Paraná, South Brazil. out of 895 places surveyed, 678, or 75.7%, were infected by Triatoma infestans klug 1834 and in 234 out of those 678, or 34.5%, this vector was infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The general natural infection of the insects examined reached 18.86%. The serological survey (Machado-Guerreiro test) was positive in 10.7% of the persons examined in jacarezinho and in 28.3% of those living in Bôa Vista. These data suggested the author to actualise the subject. During his control of severe outbreack of malaria in the North part of Paraná, from march to June 1917 he worked in 8 counties. March 1917 he photographed in Boa Vista four girls, severe cases of chronic malaria, two of which showed bi-palpebral oedema, later on considered by Dr. Pinho Simões (1943) as Romanã syndrome (created in 1935) and Prof. Salvador Mazza (1946) classified as typical cases of Chagas' Disease. now, being elapsed 36 years, the National Service of Malaria confirmed the discovery. The region surveyed was populated, in the beginning of this century, by immigrants from the State of Minas Gerais, from where the author believes that were imported the disease and its vectors. In April 1917 the A. discovered that the old town Jatahy was a big focus of Triatoma megista (now Panstrongylus megistus0. All its 43 houses were strongly infested by such hematophagus and amongst the 200 inhabitants seen many were suspicious cases of chronic cases of Chagas's Disease. In the Indians town (three tribes) of S. Pedro D' Alcantara, situated in front of Jatahy, in the left side of the river Tibagy, there were no Triatomas nor suspicious cases of trypanosomiasis. In 1919 the author started the control of the endemics by destroying the foci of Triatomas and reforming the housing. In 1946 he returned to jatahy and found the sanitary conditions of the town and its inhabitants much better. Climate of the region is favorable to spreading of all tropical diseases, being very suitable one for an extensive sanitary survey. In 1943 Dr. Pinho Simões examined 85 triatomas ( T. infestans) from six counties of the North region and found 40, or 46% infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The highest incidences were; Joaquim Tavora 74.2% and Carlópolis 26.9%. These counties seem to be infested by Itaporanga county of São Paulo State. in 1953 Serviço nacional da Malária proved that 19 out of 23 counties surveyed were infested by Triatoma infestans. They examined 7,701 of this insect and found 1,453 positive for Trypanosoma cruzi, or 18.9%. in two counties, Jacarezinho and Sengés, were examined 2,588 human bloods, not selected, and 323, or 12.6% of such samples were positive for Chagas' Disease. This year the Malaria Service is doing insects survey in 25 other counties and DDTising infested domiciles of another eight. Such activity is very promising and should be extended to other places.