Accessibility / Report Error
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Volume: 91, Issue: 3, Published: 1996
  • Bionomics of Anopheles aquasalis Curry 1932, in Guaraí, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil: I. Seasonal distribution and parity rates Epidemiology

    Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Ricardo

    Abstract in English:

    From a total of 12,721 anophelines collected in a lowland area in Guaraí, Rio de Janeiro, from November 1991 to October 1992, 99.7% (12,688) were Anopheles aquasalis. This species occurred throughout the year, but in higher numbers from April to September, when rainfall was low or moderate. The proportion of parous females in June was significantly higher than the annual rate. An. aquasalis was weakly attracted by a light-trap, and no significant differences in abundance were detected between nights with and without moonlight.
  • Current spread of Triatoma infestans at the expense of Triatoma sordida in Bolivia Epidemiology

    Noireau, François; Brenière, Frédérique; Cardozo, Lucyla; Bosseno, Marie France; Vargas, Fernando; Peredo, Carlos; Medinacelli, Marlon
  • Primary isolation of spotted fever group rickettsiae from Amblyomma cooperi collected from Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris in Brazil Epidemiology

    Lemos, Elba Regina Sampaio de; Melles, Heloísa Helena Barbosa; Colombo, Sílvia; Machado, Raimundo Diogo; Coura, José Rodrigues; Guimarães, Maria Angélica Arpon; Sanseverino, Selênio R; Moura, Aline

    Abstract in English:

    This paper reports the first isolation of a spotted fever group rickettsia from an Amblyomma cooperi ixodid collected from a capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) in an endemic area of spotted fever in the County of Pedreira, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Isolation was performed in Vero cell culture and submitted to immunofluorescence, using antibody from Rickettsia rickettsii-positive human serum.
  • Mode of infection of Sarasinula marginata (Mollusca) with larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis (Nematoda) Epidemiology

    Thiengo, Silvana C
  • An oligonucleotide probe derived from kDNA minirepeats is specific for Leishmania (Viannia) Biochemistry And Molecular Biology

    Fernandes, Octavio; Bozza, Marcelo; Pascale, Juan M; Miranda, Antonio B de; Lopes, Ulisses G; Degrave, Wim M

    Abstract in English:

    Sequence analysis of Leishmania (Viannia) kDNA minicircles and analysis of multiple sequence alignments of the conserved region (minirepeats) of five distinct minicircles from L. (V.) braziliensis species with corresponding sequences derived from other dermotropic leishmanias indicated the presence of a sub-genus specific sequence. An oligonucleotide bearing this sequence was designed and used as a molecular probe, being able to recognize solely the sub-genus Viannia species in hybridization experiments. A dendrogram reflecting the homologies among the minirepeat sequences was constructed. Sequence clustering was obtained corresponding to the traditional classification based on similarity of biochemical, biological and parasitological characteristics of these Leishmania species, distinguishing the Old World dermotropic leishmanias, the New World dermotropic leishmanias of the sub-genus Leishmania and of the sub-genus Viannia.
  • Biological comparison between three clones of Trypanosoma cruzi and the strain of origin (Bolivia) with reference to clonal evolution studies General Biology

    Penin, P; Gamallo, C; Diego, JA de

    Abstract in English:

    After isolating three clones of Trypanasoma cruzi (Bolivia), we first characterized them according to parasitaemia, pleomorphism and virulence, and then histopathologically. The study's interest lies on the hypothesis that clonal evolution of T. cruzi has a major impact on biologically relevant properties of this parasite. Data obtained from the studies of parasitaemia, pleomorphism and virulence showed no differences between the groups studied. As a final point, the histopathological study shows us a muscular tissue tropism both in clones and in their mother strain (Bolivia). In this paper, we conclude that Bolivia strain and clones isolated from it, pertaining to the same major clone share similar biological properties.
  • The associated microflora to the larvae of human bot fly Dermatobia hominis L. Jr. (Diptera: Cuterebridae) and its furuncular lesions in cattle General Biology

    Sancho, E; Caballero, M; Ruíz-Martínez, I

    Abstract in English:

    The microflora associated to furuncular lesions, larvae and pupae of Dermatobia hominis, as well as the relationships between parasite, host and microflora associated, as a comprehensive microsystem, has been studied. One hundred and two furuncular myiasis due to D. hominis larvae in several breeds of cattle were studied and the following bacterial species were significant: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. warneri, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Closely related, the microflora associated to 141 samples from first, second, third instar larva and both external surface and larval cavities has been studied. The representative associated microflora to the larvae were: S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. hycus and Moraxella phenylpiruvica, Moerella wisconsiensis, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris, M. phenylpiruvica, M. wisconsiensis, P. mirabilis and P. rettgeri were the representative microflora associated to 64 pupae of D. hominis.
  • Pupation of Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) Associated with Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedmann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) General Biology

    Rocha, Uriel Franco; Mendes, Júlio
  • Parasites of the flatfish Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867) (Pleuronectiformes) from northern Chile Systematic

    Oliva, Marcelo E; Castro, Raúl E; Burgos, Rodrigo

    Abstract in English:

    Three species of protistan and 22 species of metazoan parasites were obtained from a sample of 179 flatfish, (Paralichthys adspersus) taken-off Antofagasta, northern Chile. Prevalence of infection of seven parasites (Protista: 1, Copepoda: 2, Digenea: 1, Acantocephala: 1, Nematoda: 2) was significantly and positively correlated with host size. Host's sex do not seem to affect prevalence of infection, except for Nybelinia surmenicola, Capillaria sp. and Anisakis sp. (prevalence of infection significantly greater in males than females) and Philometra sp. (prevalence higher in females). Mean abundance is correlated with size in nine species (Protista: 1, Copepoda: 2, Digenea: 3, Acantocephala: 1, Nematoda: 2). Host's sex do not affect mean abundance, except for Cainocreadium sp. and Philometra sp.(mean abundance higher in females) and Nybelinia surmenicola, Capillaria sp. and Anisakis sp. (mean abundance higher in males).
  • A new genus and three new species of Pangoniini (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Bolivia Systematic

    Chainey, John E; Hall, Martin JR

    Abstract in English:

    The genus Boliviamyia gen. nov. and it’s type species fairchildi sp. nov. are described. Two new species of Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia), griseipleura sp. nov. and gracilipalpis sp. nov. are described. Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia) planaltina Fairchild is recorded from Bolivia.
  • Descrição do alótipo (macho) de Triatoma guazulent & Wygodzinsky, 1979 proveniente do estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

    Lent, Herman; Jurberg, José; Galvão, Cleber
  • Four new species of Oswaldocruzia (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) Parasitizing amphibians and lizards from Ecuador Systematic

    Ben Slimane, Badreddine; Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude

    Abstract in English:

    Description of four new species of Oswaldocruzia parasitizing Iguanidae and Leptodactylidae from Ecuador, demonstrate that they are morphologically close to each other. Like most of the other neotropical and holarctic Oswaldocruzia , they are characterized by spicules with three main branches: blade, shoe and fork; the division of the fork within the distal third of the spicule length appears to be characteristic of the neotropical species. - Oswaldocruzia bainae n. sp. parasitizing Anolis chrysolepis and Anolis fuscoauratus possesses a synlophe visible only on transversal sections of the body. It is composed of rounded and not pointed ridges. - Oswaldocruzia tcheprakovae n. sp. parasitizing Eleutherodactylus altamazonicus is closely related to O. bainae , but the synlophe is present only in the anterior and posterior extremities of the body. - Oswaldocruzia cassonei n. sp. parasitizing Eleutherodactylus lanthanites is closely related to O. taranchoni, Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995, a parasite of Bufo marinus from Brazil. It is differentiated by the synlophe and the measurements. - Oswaldocruzia petterae n. sp. parasitizing Leptodactylus pentadactylus is closely related to O. chambrieri, Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1993, parasitizing Bufo and Eleutherodactylus in the same region. It is differentiated since, for an equivalent length of the body, the ridges are almost two times fewer and the spicules smaller.
  • Report of the First Brazilian Symposium on Basic Research in HIV/ AIDS First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Galvão-Castro, Bernardo; Branco, Luiz Roberto Ribeiro Castelo; Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves; Bongertz, Vera
  • A nationwide effort to sistematically monitor HIV-1 diversity in Brazil: preliminary results First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Galvão-Castro, B; Couto-Fernandez, JC; Mello, MA; Linhares-de-Carvalho, MI; Castello-Branco, LR; Bongertz, V; Ferreira, PCP; Morgado, M; Sabino, E; Tanuri, A
  • Polymorphism of the pedictive antigenic sites on the V3 loop of Brazilian HIV-1 subtype B strains First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Morgado, MG; Guimarães, ML; Gripp, CBG; Neves Jr, I; Costa, CI; Veloso dos Santos, VG; Linhares-de-Carvalho, MI; Galvão-Castro, B; Bongertz, V
  • Neutralization of primary HIV-1 isolated from individuals residing in Rio de Janeiro First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Bongertz, V; Costa, CI; Grinsztejn, B; Pilotto, JHC; João Filho, EC; Morgado, MG
  • Immunoreactivity of brazilian HIV isolates with different V3 motifs First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Michael Hendry, R; Hanson, Carl V; Bongertz, Vera; Morgado, Mariza; Duarte, Alberto; Casseb, Jorge; Brigido, Luis; Sabino, Esther; Diaz, Ricardo; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo
  • In Vitro transfer of cellular immunity to synthetic peptides of HIV-1 to human lymphocytes with exogenous RNA First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Sales, Valéria SF; Sawan, Fahim M; Watanabe, Maria AE; Silva, João S; Voltarelli, Júlio C; De Lucca, Fernando L
  • Dried blood spots collected on filter paper: an international resource for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus Type-1 First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Cassol, Sharon A; Read, Stanley; Weniger, Bruce G; Gomez, Perry; Lapointe, Normand; Chin-Yih, Ou; Babu, P George

    Abstract in English:

    The collection of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper provides a powerful approach for the development of large-scale, population-based screening programs. DBS methods are particularly valuable in developing countries and isolated rural regions where resources are limited. Large numbers of field specimens can be economically collected and shipped to centralized reference laboratories for genetic and (or) serological analysis. Alternatively, the dried blood can be stored and used as an archival resource to rapidly establish the frequency and distribution of newly recognized mutations, confirm patient identity or track the origins and emergence of newly identified pathogens. In this report, we describe how PCR-based technologies are beginning to interface with international screening programmes for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In particular, we review recent progress using DBS specimens to resolve the HIV-1 infection status of neonates, monitor the genetic evolution of HIV-1 during early infancy and establish a sentinel surveillance system for the systematic monitoring of HIV-1 genetic variation in Asia.
  • Laboratory indicators for monitoring HIV disease First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Pereira, Raul Scott; Helbert, Matthew Reginald

    Abstract in English:

    Immunological monitoring of disease progression following HIV infection and seroconversion illness, latency and AIDS, not only helps in the basic investigation of the natural history of the viral infection in man, but also can assist in prognosis and treatment of AIDS-defining illnesses. However, outside clinical trials, these tests should be selected and used in clinical practice only if they are validated as relevant and effective. The absolute CD4+ T-helper lymphocyte count, measured by flow cytometry, has emerged as the best available investigation, but needs care in sampling due to diurnal and circadian rhythms, effects of age, pregnancy, therapy, intercurrent infections and technique. Sampling should provide a baseline and trends - monthly intervals initially, then quarterly in uncomplicated cases. Thresholds may be given for counts (e.g. 200/µl) below which prophylaxis against pneumocystis pneumonia should be administered, and repeating persistently low counts (e.g. below 50/µl) is seldom helpful in practice. Serum levels of beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin and immunoglobulins rarely add information. Physicians and laboratories should have testing guidelines based on clinical audit of best practice, based in turn on scientific understanding of the immunological processes involved.
  • Gastrointestinal immune responses in HIV infected subjects First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Castello-Branco, LRR; Lewis, DJM; Ortigão-de-Sampaio, MB; Griffin, GE

    Abstract in English:

    The gut associated lymphoid tissue is responsible for specific responses to intestinal antigens. During HIV infection, mucosal immune deficiency may account for the gastrointestinal infections. In this review we describe the humoral and cellular mucosal immune responses in normal and HIV-infected subjects.
  • Mucosal immunology and models of mucosal HIV infection First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Griffin, GE; Castello-Branco, LRR; Ortigão-de-Sampaio, MB; Shattock, R

    Abstract in English:

    The mucosa associated lymphoid tissue regulates and coordinates immune responses against mucosal pathogens. Mucosal tissues are the major targets exposed to HIV during transmission. In this paper we describe in vitro models of HIV mucosal infection using human explants to investigate target cells within this tissue.
  • Spectrum of Morphologic Changes of Lymph Nodes in HIV Infection First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Paiva, DD; Morais, JC; Pilotto, J; Veloso, V; Duarte, F; Lenzi, HL

    Abstract in English:

    Cervical lymph nodes biopsies from 31 HIV positive patients (with or without AIDS) were studied by histologic methods and immunohistochemistry (StreptABC staining of paraffin sections) to identify cellular and extracellular matrix components. The results were the following: (1) the biopsies were included in the stages of follicular hyperplasia without fragmentation FH-FF (4 cases); follicular hyperplasia with follicular fragmentation FH+FF (16 cases); follicular involution FI (6 cases) and diffuse pattern DP (5 cases); (2) the most important alteration was the germinal centers disruption due to follicle lysis, which began in the light zone; (3) there was coincidence between intrafollicular hemorrhages and segmental hyaline mycroangiopathy; (4) during the progression of the disease occurred: (a) an increase in the number of mast cells, CD68+ and Mac387+ macrophages; (b) a diffuse augment of collagen III, elastic fibers, laminin, fibronectin and proteoglycans; (c) maintenance of Factor VIII - related antigens in the vascular endothelial cells, with decrease in the expression of Ulex-Europeus I lectin. Follicular hyperplasia (FH-FF or FH+FF) was the most common histologic pattern recognized in the lymph nodes of patients without AIDS and follicular involution and difuse pattern were seen in those who had AIDS. The results indicate that the lymph node biopsies may provide important information about the evolutive stage of the disease and its prognosis.
  • CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses of immunocompetent and immunocompromised (AIDS) patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Coutinho, Sergio G; Da-Cruz, Alda Maria; Oliveira, Márcia Pereira de; Mendonça, Sergio CF; Bertho, Alvaro L; Luca, Paula M De
  • Co-Infection with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immunologic interactions, disease progression, and survival First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Ho, John L
  • Phenotypes of lung mononuclear phagocytes in HIV seronegative tuberculosis patients: evidence for new recruitment and cell activation First Brazilian Symposium On Basic Research In Hiv/aids

    Silva, José R Lapa e; Linhares, Cristiane; Boechat, Neio; Rego, Lorena; Almeida, Maria da Glória Bonecini; Kritski, Afrânio L; Ho, John L

    Abstract in English:

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis preferentially resides in mononuclear phagocytes. The mechanisms by which mononuclear phagocytes keep M. tuberculosis in check or by which the microbe evades control to cause disease remain poorly understood. As an initial effort to delineate these mechanisms, we examined by immunostaining the phenotype of mononuclear phagocytes obtained from lungs of patients with active tuberculosis. From August 1994 to March 1995, consecutive patients who had an abnormal chest X-ray, no demostrable acid-fast bacilli in sputum specimens and required a diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were enrolled. Of the 39 patients enrolled, 21 had microbiologically diagnosed tuberculosis. Thirteen of the 21 tuberculosis patients were either HIV seronegative (n = 12) or had no risk factor for HIV and constituted the tuberculosis group. For comparison, M. tuberculosis negative patients who had BAL samples taken during this time (n = 9) or normal healthy volunteers (n = 3) served as control group. Compared to the control group, the tuberculosis group had significantly higher proportion of cells expressing markers of young monocytes (UCHM1) and RFD7, a marker for phagocytic cells, and increased expression of HLA-DR, a marker of cell activation. In addition, tuberculosis group had significantly higher proportion of cells expressing dendritic cell marker (RFD1) and epithelioid cell marker (RFD9). These data suggest that despite recruitment of monocytes probably from the peripheral blood and local cell activation, host defense of the resident lung cells is insufficient to control M. tuberculosis.
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde Av. Brasil, 4365 - Pavilhão Mourisco, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil, Tel.: (55 21) 2562-1222, Fax: (55 21) 2562 1220 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: memorias@fiocruz.br