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Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), Volume: 47, Número: 4, Publicado: 2020
  • Prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners in South of Brazil Original Article

    COSTA, CAROLINE RIBEIRO; SASSI, RAÚL ANDRÉS MENDOZA; TÍMBOLA, VINÍCIUS DE SOUZA; LAZZARI, TALITA RUBIN; REIS, ANA JULIA; GONÇALVES, CARLA VITOLA

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Background Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. Research in the world has confirmed a high prevalence of mental disorders in this population. Objective To identify prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners of the closed prison system. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 643 prisoners were interviewed in six prisons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To evaluate depression and anxiety, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI) was used and sociodemographic, inprisonment and lifestyle habits variables were also collected. Results The prevalence of depression found in the study was 20.6% (95% CI: 17.5-23.8) and of anxiety was 19.9% (95% CI: 16.8-23.0). The following were identified as risk factors for depression: being female, having a history of mental illness, non-white skin color, having a religion, not receiving visits, smoking, using drugs and not performing physical activities. Risk factors for anxiety were: being female, having a history of mental illness, a family history of mental illness, smoking and using drugs. Discussion The study confirmed the high rates of depression and anxiety in the population deprived of liberty. In addition, women were twice as likely to have both disorders compared to men.
  • What are the factors that contribute to aggression in patients with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse? Original Article

    AKÇAY, BÜLENT DEVRIM; AKÇAY, DUYGU

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Background A significant number of individuals with high levels of aggression have substance use disorder problems. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substance use disorder on aggression in young men with Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Methods This cross-sectional study included 328 patients and were diagnosed with ASPD with a comorbidity of substance use disorder, along with 111 healthy young male subjects. Results The total aggression scores of the patients with a diagnosis of ASPD were significantly higher than those of the healthy group (p < 0.001). Mean scores of aggression subscale, except for indirect aggression, were higher in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between aggression scores and total API scores in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were higher when subjects were using volatile substances compared to other substances (p < 0.05). Aggression scores increased with duration of substance use disorder (p < 0.001). Discussion Substance use disorder should be treated first to mitigate aggression in individuals with ASPD. Patients with severe addiction to volatile substances should be given treatment priority. Further studies are necessary to determine the cause of aggression in individuals who abuse substances.
  • Clinical characteristics of cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder: a 6-month prospective study Original Article

    JI, YAJUAN; LI, WEIHUI; LIU, BANGSHAN; LIU, JIN; JU, YUMENG; WANG, MI; CHEN, YANCHAO; LI, LINGJIANG

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a variety of cognitive deficits, which can persist even in remitted states. Nevertheless, the relationship between the cognitive and affective symptoms in depression remains obscure. The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical characteristics and correlates of the cognitive deficits in patients with MDD. Methods Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were conducted at baseline and 6-month follow-ups. The severity of the disease and the effect of treatment were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Scale-17. Neuropsychological tests, including the digital symbol substitution test and digit span test, were administered to 67 depressed patients and 56 healthy participants. Results MDD patients showed impairments in memory, attention, and executive function at baseline. After the 6-month treatment phase, patients in remission showed significant alleviation of these cognitive deficits, although impairments in attention and executive function were still present when compared to controls. Discussion Significant cognitive deficits are present in MDD. The speed of remission of cognitive functions seems to be slower than and inconsistent with emotional symptoms, which provides new support for the argument that cognitive deficits are independent factors from the emotional symptoms in MDD.
  • Prevalence and associated risk factors of postpartum depression: a cross sectional study Original Article

    GOWEDA, REDA; METWALLY, TAYSEER

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Background Postpartum mood disturbance affects up to 85% of women, with most symptoms of this disturbance being temporary and mild. However up to one in seven women experience a persistent type of depression which is associated with major maternal and neonatal morbidity if it is not managed. Objective To estimate the prevalence of postpartum depression and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 3 primary health care centers affiliated to Suez governorate, Egypt. An interviewed questionnaire was used containing potential risk factors for postpartum depression. An Arabic version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) was used to screen for postpartum depression symptoms. Results A total of 237 postpartum mothers were included in the study. 139 (58.6%) of the mothers completed secondary level of education, 195 (82.3%) of them were housewives and 181 (76.4%) had cesarean section. The estimated postpartum depression prevalence was 26.6% and suicidal ideation accounted for 4.6%. Factors significantly associated with high EPDS scores were bad relationship with the husband, having >2 children, an unplanned pregnancy and unhealthy newborn; with P-values of 0.000, 0.004, 0.000, and 0.018, respectively. Discussion the prevalence of postpartum depression among Egyptian women is considered slightly high with its negative and long term consequences on the mothers and their children, accordingly screening, proper management & referral to specialist care is highly recommended.
  • Cross-cultural adaptation of the City Birth Trauma Scale for the Brazilian context Brief Report

    DONADON, MARIANA FORTUNATA; DARWIN, ANA CAROLINA R.; BOMBONATTI, EDUARDO A.; PEREIRA-LIMA, KARINA; SANTOS, RAFAEL GUIMARÃES; MACHADO-DE-SOUSA, JOÃO PAULO; SILVA, THIAGO DORNELA APOLINÁRIO DA; POLI NETO, OMERO B.; GASPARDO, CLAUDIA MARIA; CANTILINO, AMAURY; SOUZA, LUCIANO DIAS DE MATTOS; AYRES, SUSAN; OSÓRIO, FLÁVIA L.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder consists of a set of symptoms that occurs in response to one or more traumatic events and can occur in postpartum, from traumatic situations related to the birth or to the baby’s health in the first days of life. It is important tracking the presence of birth trauma, but there is not available instruments in the Brazilian context for this purpose. Objectives To present the cross-cultural adaptation of City Birth Trauma Scale (BiTS) into Brazilian portuguese. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved independent translations, synthesis,back-translation, and submission to the original author’s appreciation. After the scale was subjected to face validity, followed by a pilot study with postpartum mothers. Results All steps were performed for the cross-cultural adaptation. Regarding face validity, items evaluated concerning different types of equivalence, presented satisfactory agreement values (≥4.20). Most of the expert’s suggestions were followed, being the main ones related to adjustments in prepositions, pronouns and verbal subjects. Pilot study showed that the mothers had been able to understand and respond to the instrument without adjustments. Discussion BiTS’s Brazilian version proved to be cross-culturally adapted, ensuring the possibility of intercultural data comparison from the semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. New studies are being conducted to attest its psychometric adequacy.
  • Paliperidone-induced mania: a case report Letter To The Editor

    NESÇE, B. BAL; BAKIR, MERYEM G. TEKSIN; ÇAYKÖYLÜ, ALI; ÖZALP, ELVAN; KOÇBERBER, ÇAĞLA; YILMAZOĞLU, BAHRIYE E.
  • Lithium-induced asymptomatic dose-related elevation of serum creatine kinase: a case report Letter To The Editor

    MAO-HSIU, HUA; CHANG, SHEN-CHIEH; MONG-LIANG, LU
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