Resumo em Inglês:
This paper is an attempt to briefly summarize the taxonomic features of the folk entomological classification system of the Kayapó Indians of Central Brazil. The folk system shows a correlation with scientific taxonomies, especially at levels of Class, Order and Family. Several morphological continua os "sequences" are evident and within these are found additional sub-groupings called "complexes". Of particular interest is the sequence labeled "ñy", which is analogous to the scientific Orders of Isoptera and Hymenoptera. Patterns for these groupings reflect important social and cultural values and are indicative of the significance of social insects (bees, ants, wasps and termites) in the Kayapó belief system. It is suggested that taxonomic systems are guides to culturally significant domains and point to underlying social and cultural patterns. These patterns are reified by mythology and oral tradition, being encoded as recurring symbolic forms with natural prototypes. Thus an ethnomethodology to determine folk classification systems offers an emic approach to the investigation of cultures and reveals the inter-relationships between cognitive systems, mythology, ceremony, and natural symbols.Resumo em Inglês:
Inoculations made with cysts of Artemia salina from San Francisco Bay (California, USA) in Macau, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in 1977, have dispersed this crustacean in all neighboring salt work areas. Favourable environmental conditions which have successfully contributed to this inoculation, together with suggestions for a rational utilization of similar areas for Artemia salina cultivation, are analyzed and commented.Resumo em Inglês:
Proper site selection is fundamental in the success of any aquiculture enterprise. To identify suitable areas for freshwater prawn culture in Pernambuco, factors like elevation, relief, soil and climate were considered, in accordance with the species biology and pond construction. According to the established criteria, suitable, unsuitable and unfavorable areas, with some restrictions, were recognized. Suitable areas for freshwater prawn culture in Pernambuco are about 835 km², representing 0.85% of the total area of the State.Resumo em Inglês:
Mithrax (M.) pleuracanthus Stimpson, 1871, was collected in the upper sublittoral on both sides of the São Sebastião Channel (23º48'S, 45º23'W). The geographical distribution, ecological notes and main morphological characters of the species are given.Resumo em Inglês:
The portunid Scylla serrata, widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, is reported for the first time from the Southwestern Atlantic. A female specimen was captured at Peruíbe, State of São Paulo, by a fishing boat, at a depth of approximately 15 m. A detailed description of the specimens is given, with data on the geographical distribution of the species, and a discussion of the taxonomic status of the genus.Resumo em Inglês:
A statistical evolution of some populational parameters of Triatoma guasayana was made, based on courtship experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. Egg hatching, nymphal developmental time and mortality were computed and results compared with previous literature data.Resumo em Inglês:
Some biological effects of feeding larvae of the armyworm Spodoptera latifascia with leaves of three plant species (cotton, soybean and lettuce) have been studied. Some indicative measurements were utilized to determine the host suitability of these three plant species. Cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum) were found to be better than soybean (Glycine max) for the development and growth of this insect. Lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa) were incapable of sustaining this insect. Moreover, the stress of the latter diet was associated with a latent microbial disease, a mixed infection caused by Vairimorpha sp. and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). Cotton leaves can be recommended as a suitable diet for mass rearing of this insect species. Due to recent outbreks of S. latifascia observed in the States of São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Paraná and because of the frequent applications of wide spectrum chemical insecticides, it can be expected that this insect will soon become one of the important pests threatening cotton and other economic plantations in Brazil.Resumo em Inglês:
Phoneutria fera Perty, 1833 is redescribed, based on 44 specimens (male and female) and Ctenus sus Strand, 1910 is synonymized, as it represents the male of fera. The synonymy of Phoneutria reidyi (Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) with Phoneutria rufibarbis Perty, 1833 is discussed and reidyi is revalidated.Resumo em Inglês:
Ectoparasitic mites on Brazilian non-poisonous snakes, collected from March 1976 to December 1979, are herein reported. A systematic study of the Ixodorhynchidae, which include exclusively parasites of snakes is given, including all immature forms. Two new genera are described: Ophiogongylus gen.n. with two species: Ophiogongylus rotundus sp.n. and Ophiogongylus breviscutum sp.n. and Chironobius gen.n. with two species: Chironobius alvus sp.n. and Chironobius nordestinus sp.n. Ixobioides brachispinosus sp.n. and the male of Ixobioides fonsecae (Fain) are also described. Immature forms, hosts relations and geographical distribution are given for the species.Resumo em Inglês:
The ectoparasitic mite fauna of non-poisonous snakes from the Estado de São Paulo was surveyed during the period of March, 1976 to September, 1979. Considerations are made about the systematics and ecology of the genera studied. A total of 1969 snakes belonging to 30 genera was examined. This study also includes data on multiple parasitism, diversity of the mite fauna, abundance of each genera of mite, for the 4 families and 7 genera of mites.Resumo em Inglês:
Trichogenes longipinnis, a new genus and species, is described from small litoranean rivers of Southeastern Brazil. The new genus was included in the Trichomycterinae, but when compared with two other genera of the subfamily (Trichomycterus and Hatcheria) revealed significant differences. Trichogenes can be characterized as follows: (1) opercle with two patches of spines; spines present on the interopercle also; (2) nasal barbel present; two barbels at the angle of the mouth; no mental barbels; (3) orbit with a free margin; (4) gill-membranes free from the isthmus; (5) first ray of the pectoral fin not pungent; (6) dorsal fin short (9 rays), nearer the caudal fin base than the tip of the snout; (7) origin of the ventral in front of the middle of the body; (8) anal long (more than 30 rays), its origin before the dorsal fin base; (9) infraorbital canal complete, formed by the lacrimal plus 6 tube-shaped infraorbitals and (11) gas-bladder capsule separated from the posterior part of the skull.Resumo em Inglês:
The routine metabolism of Hoplias m. malabaricus in relation to weight, at 3 different experimental temperatures (15, 20, 30ºC), through oxygen consumption in confinement and in the absence of external stimuli was studied. The metabolic index (mg O2/g.h) and the intensity of metabolism (mg O2/g.h), for each temperature, were obtained. An oxycalorific coefficient to convert milligrams of oxygen consumed into calories of liberated energy was used.Resumo em Inglês:
The bird-banding technique has been used by different countries to study the bioecology of birds, specially their migration routes. Through contact with foreign people and Instituitions, we obtained some data about birds which were banded in other countries and recovered in Brazil. We present here these data, and catalogue all the recoveries obtained until 1980.