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Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, Volume: 12, Número: 1, Publicado: 1997
  • Homenagem póstuma ao prof. Manoel Krimberg Editorial

    Goldenberg, Saul
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pancreatic disorders Original Articles

    Kaplan, Ofer

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) is a powerful technique that enables continuous monitoring of biochemical processes in tissues and organs in a non-invasive manner. A model of isolated perfused rat pancreas, suitable for NMRS studies, was developed. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injections of either 0.5 ml 5% sodium taurocholate (TC) into the bile duets, or 1.0 ml 10% TC injections into the pancreatic parenchyma. Phosphorous (31P) NMRS of experimental pancreatitis were characterized by a transient signal at -0.18±0.04 ppm which was assigned as solubilized lecithin, and can be used as an indicator of the early phases of the discase. Depletion of the high energy phosphorous compounds, phosphocreatine and ATP, were also found during acute pancreatitis, and paralleled the extension of the pathological damage. The role of NMRS in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and its treatment were assessed in three models of pancreatic neoplasms. Perfused MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells, subcutancously implanted pancreatic tumors in hamsters, and pancreatic tumors induced in-situ in rats by direct appiication of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene, were studied by phosphorous (31P), sodium (23Na) and proton (¹H) NMRS. 31P spectra of pancreatic cancer were qualitatively similar to those of intact organs. However, 31P NMRS was found to be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment. Total (infra- and extracellular) sodium concentrations, measured in the solid tumors, were similar in both the normal pancreas and the pancreatic tumors (39-40 mmol/g wet weight). Proton spectra of perchloric acid extracts revealed several differences between tumors and control pancreases. The principal findings were elevated levels of the amino acid taurine, from I.17±O.39 mmol/g wet weight in healthy pancreases, to 2.79±0.71 mmol/g wet weight in pancreatic carcinoma in rats, and lactate levels which increased from 0.92±0.2 to 6.19±1.93 mmol/g wet weight, respectively. On the other hand, creatine and glutamate were higher in the normal pancreases. These studies demonstrated that NMRS is a useful technique for studying fundamental biochemical and metabolic events of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and for the development of therapeutical modalities
  • Progression of nephropathy after islet of langerhans transplantation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats Original Articles

    Spadella, César Tadeu; Mercadante, Maria Cecília Salgado; Breim, Luiz Carlos; Macedo, Célia Sperandéo de; Bacchi, Carlos Eduardo; Macedo, Arthur Roquete de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    We studied the effects of islet of Langerhans transplantation (IT) on the kidney lesions of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Forty-five inbred male Lewis rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: group Gl included 15 non-diabetic control rats (NC), group GIT included 15 alloxan-induced diabetic rats (DC), and group III included 15 alloxan-induced diabetic rats that received pancreatic islet transplantation prepared by nonenzymatic method from normal donor Lewis rats and injected into the portal vein (IT). Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups of 5 rats which were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. Clinical and laboratorial parameters were recorded in the mentioned periods in the 3 experimental groups. For histology, the kidneys of all rats of each subgroup were studied and 50 glomeruli and 50 tubules of each kidney were analyzed using light microscopy by two different investigators in a double blind study. The results showed progressive glomerular basement membrane thickening (GBMT), mesangial enlargement (ME), and Bowman's capsule thickening (BCT) in the 3 experimental groups throughout the follow-up. These alterations were significantly more severe in DC rats at 6 months when compared to NC rats (p < 0.01). However, the degree of GBMT, ME, and BCT observed in DC rats was not statistically different from IT rats at 1, 3, and 6 months. In addition, Armanni-Ebstein lesions of the tubules (AE) and tubular lumen protein (PRO) observed in DC rats were also observed in IT rats all over the study. These lesions were never present in NC rats. We conclude that IT did not prevent progression of kidney lesions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats within 6 months after transplantation.
  • Differential densities of nitric oxide synthesizing nerves in the sphincteric and non-sphincteric smooth muscles of human gut during fetal development Original Articles

    Brandt, Carlos Teixeira; Graham, Andrew; Tam, Paul Kwong Hang

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the inhibitory neurotransmission in the sphincteric and non-sphincteric smooth muscles. However, the relative contribution of nitric oxide synthesizing innervation to these functionally diverse parts of the gut, particularly during development, is unknown. Gastrointestinal sphincters and adjoining non-sphincteric bowel segments were obtained from 14 human fetuses with gestational ages between 12 and 23 weeks. NO synthesizing nerves were examined by nicotinamide adenine deoxinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry. The densities of NADPH positive nerves in the smooth muscle were quantified using a computerized image analyzing system on random sections. The NO synthesizing nerve density in intestinal smooth muscles decreased during fetal development as a result of increased interspacing between myenteric ganglia and a disproportionately larger increase in smooth muscle area than neuronal area. Similarly, the nerve densities were lower in sphincteric regions than adjoining non-sphincteric regions at the same gestational ages. There is a relative reduction of the density of NO synthesizing nerves in intestinal smooth muscle particularly in sphincteric regions during development. These findings may have relevance to the occurrence of congenital dysmotility disorders of the sphincteric regions.
  • Avaliação dos efeitos da ciclofosfamida nos testículos escrotal e retido em ratos jovens submetidos à criptorquia unilateral

    Alves, Elaine; Tubino, Paulo; Goldenberg, Saul

    Resumo em Português:

    Foi produzida criptorquia unilateral experimental em ratos pré-puberais. Tanto no testículo retido quanto no contralateral escrotal, foram encontradas alterações similares às observadas cm seres humanos. Essas alterações correspondem a um desenvolvimento testicular prejudicado, com degeneração da gônada. A administração crônica da droga imunossupressora ciclofosfamida, em doses baixas, evitou a deterioração do testículo tópico, a despeito de sua reconhecida ação deletéria para a espermatogênese. Tendo em vista que as lesões observadas atingem também o testículo escrotal e podem ser prevenidas pela ciclofosfamida, e discutida a possibilidade de que sejam causadas por reação auto-imune.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Experimental unilateral cryptorchidism was produced in prepubertal rats. Both in the operated undescended testis and in the contralateral descended one, the changes were similar to that founded in the human. These changes show a disturbed testicular development with gonadal degenerative process. The chronic use of the immunosuppressant drug cyclophosphamide, with low dosages, avoided the damage in the topic testis, in spite of its very known harmful action to the spermatogenesis. As the observed lesions affects also the scrotal testis and as this can be prevented by the cyclophosphamide, the possibility of autoimmunization causing this damage in the experimental cryptorchidism in the rat is discussed.
  • Estudo comparativo, em cães, entre a anastomose esôfago-esofágica cervical em dois planos de sutura e a em um plano único extramucoso

    Nigro, Amaury José Teixeira; Novo, Neil Ferreira; Juliano, Yara

    Resumo em Português:

    O objetivo é comparar a eficácia entre as anastomoses esôfago-esofágicas cervicais em dois planos de sutura com as feitas em um plano único extramucoso. Utilizou-se 60 cães, sadios, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, com peso médio de 15 kg. Foram separados em dois grupos iguais: no GRUPO I será feita a anastomose em dois planos de sutura e, no GRUPO II, a em um plano único extramucoso. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 3 subgrupos iguais, e para cada um deles foi estabelecido um determinado período de observação pós-operatório (PO) de 7, 14 e 30 dias, respectivamente. As suturas foram feitas sempre com fio de polipropileno 4 zeros. Avaliou-se a incidência de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas e tardias e às características histológicas da cicatrização de cada tipo de anastomose. A análise estatística dos dados coletados permitiu verificar que na anastomose esôfago-esofágica cervical executada em um plano único extramucoso a porcentagem de fistulas (13,6%), e de estenoses (30%) ao nível da zona de sutura foi significantemente menor do que a observada na sutura realizada em dois planos de sutura em que as porcentagens foram de (26,7%) e (63,4%), respectivamente. A cicatrização das estruturas da parede esofágica ao nível da anastomose também foi significantemente melhor na anastomose em plano único extramucoso do que na em dois planos de sutura. Os resultados observados permitiram concluir que a anastomose em plano único extramucoso é mais eficaz do que a executada em dois planos de sutura.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of two types of cervical esophagus-esophageal anastomoses: two planes of suture versus a single extramucosal suture. Sixty healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes with a medium body weight of 15 kg. Were separated into two groups. Group one: anastomosis using two planes of suture; and Group two: anastomosis using one plane of extramucosal suture. Each group was divided into three subgroups based on post-operative time periods: 7, 14 and 30 days. Polypropylene 4-0 sutures were used in all anastomoses. The incidence of early and late post-operative complications and histological characteristics of the healing process at the site of the anastomoses were evaluated. Statistical analyses of the data collected permitted verification that the cervical esophagus-esophageal anastomoses done by only the extramucosal suture showed an incidence of 13.6% fistula and 30% stenosis at the level of the suture zone, which was significantly lower as compared to that observed in the two plane suture repair group where the percentages were 26.7 and 63.4 respectively. The healing of the structure of the esophageal wall at the level of the anastomosis was also significantly improved in the single plane extramucosal anastomosis group as compared to the two plane suture group. The observed results permitted conclusion that the extramucosal anastomosis in a single plane is more effícacious than that executed in two suture planes.
  • Avaliação da integração de retalho muscular na reconstrução esofágica após esofagectomia cervical parcial. Estudo experimental em cães

  • Esvaziamento gástrico e jejunal proximal em ratos submetidos ou não à gastrectomia parcial com reconstrução do trânsito intestinal em Y de Roux ou a Billroth II

    Garani, Flavio José; Novo, Neil Ferreira; Juliano, Yara; Fagundes, Djalma José

    Resumo em Português:

    Estudou-se os efeitos da reconstrução gastrojejunal em Y de ROUX (YR) ou a BILLROTH II (BII) no esvaziamento gástrico (EG) e jejunal proximal de líquido nutriente. Constitui-se quatro grupos de dez ratos Wistar machos: simulado (grupo I), antrectomia em YR (grupo II), gastrectomia subtotal em YR (grupo III) e antrectomia a BII (grupo IV). O EG e jejunal proximal foram avaliados no sétimo dia de pós-operatório, 60 minutos após a introdução gástrica de ovo cru mexido marcado com Tc99m. Após esse tempo, retirou-se separadamente o estômago, intestino proximal e restante do intestino, seguindo-se da quantificação do radioisótopo presente em cada segmento, numa câmara de ionização. O EG foi mais rápido nos animais gastrectomizados do que naqueles sem gastrectomia (α < 0,05). O EG no grupo antrectomia em YR foi mais lento do que no grupo gastrectomia subtotal em YR (α < 0,05), mas não apresentou diferença significante com relação ao grupo antrectomia a BII. O esvaziamento da alça de ROUX (grupos TI e III) não mostrou diferença significante em relação ao da alça eferente de igual comprimento (grupo IV). Concluiu-se que o EG de liquido nutriente foi semelhante na antrectomia em YR ou a BII e que nas reconstruções em YR, foi mais rápido na gastrectomia subtotal do que na antrectomia.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ROUX-EN-Y or BILLROTH II gastrojejunostomy in gastric and proximal jejunal emptying of nutrient liquid meal. Four groups of ten WISTAR rats were used: sham {group I), antrectomy and ROUX-EN-Y gastrojejunostomy (group II), subtotal gastrectomy and ROUX-EN-Y gastrojejunostomy (group III) and antrectomy and BILLROTH II gastrojejunostomy (group IV). The gastric and proxima! jejunal emptying were measured one week after surgery, 60 minutes after gastric introduetion of 1 ml of 99mTc labeled uncooked scrainbled egg. Afler this interval the stomach, proximal intestine, small bowell remaining and colon of each rat were excised and placed in separate containers. The absolute amounts of the radionuclide present in each segment was determined in an ionization camera. The relative amounts was calculated and compared. The gastric emplying Ín ROUX-EN-Y antrectomy group was faster than sham group and slower than ROUX-EN-Y subtotal gastrectomy group (∞ < 0,05), but didn't present a significant difference in relation to antrectomy BILLROTH II group. The ROUX limb emptying (groups II and III) was not significantly different than efferent loop (group IV). !t was concluded that the gastric emptying of nutrient liquid was similar in ROUX-EN-Y and BILLROTH II antrectomy and that in ROUX-EN-Y reconstruction the gastric emptying was faster in subtotal gastrectomy than antrectomy.
  • Correlação entre a tração de afastadores e o risco de isquemia e infecção de feridas cirúrgicas: estudo experimental em ratos

    Greca, Fernando Hintz; Souza Filho, Zacarias Alves; Araújo, Celso Fernando Ribeiro; Repka, João Calos Dominges; Adam, Eduardo Pradi; Leite, Alessandra

    Resumo em Português:

    Verificou-se o grau de isquemia produzido pela tração dos afastadores, bem como determinou-se o índice de infecção nas feridas limpas e contaminadas quando submetidas a trações conhecidas e progressivas. Foram utilizados 104 ratos machos da cepa Wistar com peso entre 180 e 190 gr, sendo que 40 animais foram utilizados para a determinação da isquemia provocada por afastadores e 64 para estudo da correlação do emprego de afastadores com infecção. Para a análise da isquemia produzida por afastadores sobre a ferida cirúrgica, os 40 ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos: T0, T1, T2, T3. Para o estudo do risco de infecção produzido por afastadores sobre a ferida cirúrgica, 64 ratos foram divididos em oito grupos: C0, C1, C2, C3, L0, L1, L2 e L3. Todos animais foram submetidos a laparotomia paramediana, conservando-se íntegro o peritônio. A ferida foi então submetida a tração por afastadores. A tração empregada foi de 0Kgf nos grupos T0, L0, C0; 0,062Kgf nos grupos T1, L1 e C1; 0,125Kgf nos grupos T2, L2 e C2 e 0,25Kgf nos grupos T3, L3 e C3. Nos grupos T0, Tl, T2 e T3 injetou-se o corante azul de Evans e após 1 hora foram retirados fragmentos da ferida, com posterior extração do corante e análise espectrofotocolorimétrica, que serviu para avaliar indiretamente o grau de isquemia da ferida. Nos grupos CO, Cl, C2 eC3 foi inoculado na ferida uma solução contendo 10(5) Stafilococcus aureus l ml. As feridas nos grupos C0, C1, C2, C3, L0, L1, L2 e L3 foram suturadas e os animais sacrificados após sete dias para análise bacteriológica das amostras. Verificou-se que nos grupos T1, T2, T3 o grau de isquemia aumentou a medida que se usava maior tração, fato este comprovado pela diminuição progressiva da concentração tissular do corante azul de Evans (p<0,05). Nos animais do grupo L0, L1, L2 não houve crescimento de colônias. No grupo L3 houve crescimento em 50% das amostras (p<0,05). No grupo C1, C2, C3 houve positividade em 100% das amostras em 24hs de incubação, nos grupos CO 37,5% no mesmo período (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o uso de tração produz importante redução no aporte sanguíneo. Em feridas limpas, os afastadores aumentam o índice de infecção quando feita trações excessivas, enquanto que em feridas contaminadas, uma pequena força de tração foi capaz de aumentar significativamente os índices de infecção.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The relation between ischemia and infection is well known, but the hazards of surgical retractors to wound healing is not well documented. We developed a experimental model to study the effects of ischemia induced by retractor in the surgical wounds. One hundred and four Wistar Male rats were studied. For the study of the ischemia induced by retractors, 40 rats were divided in 4 groups: T0, T1, T2 and T3, to study the relation between ischemia and infection, 64 animals were allocated in 8 groups: C0, C1, C2, C3: L0, L1, L2 and L3. All the animals had a paramedian incision on the upper part of the anterior abdominal wall. The wound was then retracted for one hour period. The force of traction employed was 0Kgf for the groups T0, L0, C0; 0,062Kgf for the groups T1, L1, C1; 0,125Kgf for the groups T2, L2 , C2 and 0,25Kgf for the groups T3, L3, C3. The Evans Blue die was injected in lhe animals of the TO,T1,T2 and T3 groups. One hour later, a sample of the abdominal wound was taken to the analyse the concentration of the die in tissues and consequently the degree of ischemia in the wound. In the C0, C1, C2 and C3 groups 1ml of a solution containing 10(5) Stafilococcus aureus was injected in the wound just before it. We concluded that in the groups T1, T2 and T3, the greater the traction of the retractors, the lesser was the concentration of Evans Blue die in tissues and the greater was the degree of ischemia. In the animals of L0, L1 and L2 groups the wounds were clean, but in 50% of the wounds of the L3 group we identified the growth of microorganisms. In the group CO, 37% of the wound cultures dcveloped Stafilococcus aureus while in the remaining groups 100% developed positive cultures for the same bactéria in the first 24 hours.
  • Significado prognóstico das metástases nos linfonodos regionais do adenocarcinoma colo-retal

    Bromberg, Sansom Henrique; Barreto, Elci; Moncau, José Eduardo Cajado; Goldenberg, Saul

    Resumo em Português:

    Trezentos e vinte doentes com adenocarcinoma colo-retal submetidos a ressecção curativa foram estudados com o intuito de verificar, nas peças ressecadas, o comprometimento ou não dos linfonodos, o número dos acometidos e a área ocupada peia neoplásicas. Chamou-se de linfonodos invadidos aqueles com raros focos de células neoplásicas presentes, que não interferiam na estrutura do nodo e de destruídos àqueles que apresentavam sua estrutura em grande parte ou totalmente ocupada pelo tumor. Os linfonodos positivos foram agrupados em subgrupos contendo 1 a 4 e em mais de 4.120 (38,6%) doentes apresentaram linfonodos comprometidos, dos quais 24,2% eram invadidos e 75,8% destruídos. Portadores de linfonodos livres apresentaram sobrevivência de cinco anos de 71,7%; a sobrevivência de doentes com nodos invadidos - 58,6%- foi significantemente maior que a dos com nodos destruídos - 29,7%, mas não diferiu estatisticamente da apresentada pelos portadores de linfonodos livres. Doentes com mais de 4 linfonodos comprometidos sobreviveram significantemente menos (20,0%) que aqueles com 1 a 4 linfonodos acometidos (43,5%). Entre os portadores de linfonodos invadidos a sobrevivência de 5 anos foi a mesma para os com 1 a 4 ou mais de 4 linfonodos invadidos. Isto não aconteceu com portadores de linfonodos destruídos, onde os com 1 a 4 sobreviveram em cerca de 37,7% e os com mais de 4, 13,3%. Faz-se necessário identificar adequadamente a área ocupada pela neoplasia no linfonodo, pois o comportamento biológico do tipo invadido diferiu substancialmente do destruído. O melhor prognóstico dos portadores de linfonodos invadidos pode explicar a sobrevivência aparentemente paradoxal observada em alguns doentes estadiados na classe C de DUKES.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    320 patients submitted to eurative ressection for colorectal carcinoma was analysed with reference to involved lymph nodes, with the number of their and with the area taken by the tumor. The involved lymph nodes were named invaded when neoplastic nidus cells were present in some of them, with their habitual structure present and destroyed when there was a great extent of node replacement by neoplastic cells, and with many of them with capsular invasion. The extent of noda! metastases were graded from 1 to 4 and more than 4 nodes involved. 120 ( 38,6% ) patients had positive nodes, with 24,2% of invaded type and 75,8% of destroyed type. The five-year survival rate of 191 patients with free lymph nodes was 71,7% . The five-year survival rate of patients with invaded lymph nodes ( 58,6% ) was better than those of patients with destroyed lymph nodes - 29,7% -and showed a similar behaviour to patients with free lymph nodes (p= 0,6705). Those patients showing 5 or more involved lymph nodes have a worse five-year survival rale (20%) than patients with 1 to 4 positive nodes (43,5%). The number of invaded lymph nodes don't was related to survival-rate but patients with 1 to 4 destroyed lymph nodes havea better 5-year survival (37,4%) than patients with more of 4 nodes destroyed (13,3%) The best prognosis of invaded lymph nodes can explain the paradoxical survival of several patients in the DUKES'C class.
  • Dystrophies of the abdominal wall in adults: Surgical treatment Case Series

    Athias, Jayme Fortunato; Horta, António Carlos Bentes; Franco, Glaucilene Aragão; Silva, Alexandre Augusto Mekdec da; Neves, Mauro Santos; Souza, Sadia Martins de Paula; Pereira, Sérgio Alexandre da Costa

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The authors present a retrospective study of 60 patients with abdominal dystrophies, both with and without hernias, operated on in the period between 01 June 1994 and 30 January 1996. Their average age was 47 years. The incision at hernia itself and the dystrophic abdomen were the principal objects of the study. The authors show the importance of abdominal dermolipectomy for the complete recovery of the patient as well as demonstrate how it facilitates the technical manipulation of hernias. The technique of bilateral, longitudinal peritonio-aponeurotic transposition {the technique of Alcíno Lázaro da Silva) was used for large incisional hernias. A variation of this technique, for hernias with a hernial ring of up to 10 cm, is proposed by the authors, which consists in the closing of the ring and the reinforcement of the suture with the hernial sac. A revision is made of the results of these procedures realized in isolation and accompanied with abdominal dermolipectomy. Forty-nine recovered without complications (81.66%), three relapsed (5%), one necrosis of the midline with respiratory failure (1.67%), one little stitch gap (1,67%), two umbilical stenosis (3,33%), two wound abscess (3.33%), one cutaneous fistula (1,67%) and one death from pulmonary embolism (1.66%).
  • Bem vindo a Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia Mensagem Do Presidente

    Goldenberg, Saul
Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia https://actacirbras.com.br/ - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actacirbras@gmail.com