Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether swimming could prevent bone loss and could be indicated to assist in treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Female rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), two of them were oophorectomized. Animals from two groups, one oophorectomized and another not oophorectomized, underwent aquatic training for eight weeks. After training, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was collected for calcium and alkaline phosphatase serum dosage; the femur was removed and subjected to radiological and histological densitometry analysis to assess bone loss and osteoclast counting on femoral head and neck. Results: Increase in serum calcium was not observed. There was an increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase in the oophorectomized groups. The radiographs suggest that there was a greater bone mass density in the trained groups. Concerning histology, the trained groups had better tissue structural organization than the sedentary groups. In the oophorectomized and sedentary group, higher presence of osteoclasts was observed a. Conclusion: Exercise and oophorectomy did not promote changes in serum calcium levels. The decrease of sex steroids caused by oophorectomy was responsible for severe bone loss, but swimming exercise was able to reduce this loss. Oophorectomy promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts and the exercise proved to be able to diminish it. Level of Evidence I, Experimental Study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of clavicle fractures in professional and amateur cyclists and evaluate the factors associated with its occurrence. Method: One hundred and forty professional and amateur athletes were interviewed through a questionnaire regarding age and time practicing bicycling, among others. Results: Among the 140 evaluated cyclists, there were 19 (13.5%) clavicle fractures associated with this sports modality. Conclusion: There was a positive association between time practicing bicycling and frequency of clavicle fractures, as well as between hours of weekly training and clavicle fractures. Level of Evidence IV, Case-Series.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the position of the scapula and its influence on shoulder pain. Methods: In this study, 30 sedentary young adults of both genders, aged 20-35 years were evaluated. The sample was divided into two groups with the same number of subjects, one group with shoulder pain and the other pain free. The analysis of the positioning of the scapula in six angles of shoulder abduction was taken 0º, 30º, 60º, 90º, 120º and 180º. Results: Comparison the left and right scapular movements in males of the pain group, there was a significant difference at 30º (p = 0.018) and 120º (p = 0.04). Comparing the right and left shoulders in the pain group, there was a significant difference at 0º (p = 0.03). Conclusion: This study concludes that changing the positioning of the scapula affects shoulder pain in sedentary young adult males at certain specific positions. Level of Evidence III, Study of non consecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ''gold'' standard.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether training on shoulder and elbow surgery influences the orthopedist surgeons' preferred technique to address acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACD). Methods: A survey was conducted with shoulder and elbow specialists and general orthopedists on their preferred technique to address acute ACD. Results: Thirty specialists and forty-five general orthopedists joined the study. Most specialists preferred the endobutton technique, while most general orthopedists preferred the modified Phemister procedure for coracoclavicular ligament repair using anchors. We found no difference between specialists and general orthopedists in the number of tunnels used to repair the coracoclavicular ligament; preferred method for wire insertion through the clavicular tunnels; buried versus unburied Kirschner wire insertion for acromioclavicular temporary fixation; and time for its removal; and regarding the suture thread used for deltotrapezoidal fascia closure. Conclusion: Training on shoulder and elbow surgery influences the surgeons' preferred technique to address acute ACD. Level of Evidence V, Expert Opinion.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objectives: To present a simplified calculation for the measurement of osteotomy wedges used for the correction of angular uniplanar deformities of long bones and to compare the simplified calculation proposed (circumferential calculation) with the classical trigonometric calculations, as well as with the exact calculation performed by computer software AutoCADtm. Methods: The software AutoCADtm was used to calculate the bone wedges, for mathematical comparison of the three main groups, each one of them containing 18 hypothetical bone deformities which angles ranging from 5 to 90 degrees, with 5 degrees intervals between them. Results: In the analysis of 18 deformities, the hypothetical angular bone, the average lengths of the corrective wedges obtained by the trigonometric, circumferential and the exact metods were, respectively, 32.21 ± 16.81 mm, 33.16 ± 18.63 mm and 35.22 ± 23.52 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the three calculation methods (p>0.05). Conclusion: The circumferential calculation proposed in this study is useful for being accurate and simple, not requiring any trigonometric knowledge. Level of Evidence II, Experimental Study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the correlation between visual gait analysis (VGA) by the Edinburgh visual gait score (EVGS) and functional aspects using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study of 35 patients with CP. The mean age 12.61 years old, 94.3% were spastic; 34.4% hemiplegic, 54.3% diplegic, 11.4% triplegic; 45.7% were level II GMFCS, 42.9% level I, 5.7% level III and 5.7% level IV. VGA was analyzed by the Edinburgh visual gait score (EVGS), functional mobility was assessed by TUG and functionality through GMFCS. The Spearman correlation was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean EVGS score was 18.97. The mean TUG was 13.71sec. EVGS showed moderate correlation with TUG (r=0.46, p=0.03) and GMFCS (r=0.45, p=0.00). Conclusion: Worse VGA scores correlate to worse functionality and mobility performance. Due to the observed correlation, it is possible to assert that VGA is a useful tool on evaluation of CP patients. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: Based on a literature review and on our own experience, this study proposes sheep as an experimental model to evaluate the bioactive capacity of bone substitute biomaterials, dental implant systems and orthopedics devices. The literature review covered relevant databases available on the Internet from 1990 until to date, and was supplemented by our own experience. Methods: For its resemblance in size and weight to humans, sheep are quite suitable for use as an experimental model. However, information about their utility as an experimental model is limited. The different stages involving sheep experiments were discussed, including the care during breeding and maintenance of the animals obtaining specimens for laboratory processing, and highlighting the unnecessary euthanasia of animals at the end of study, in accordance to the guidelines of the 3Rs Program. Results: All experiments have been completed without any complications regarding the animals and allowed us to evaluate hypotheses and explain their mechanisms. Conclusion: The sheep is an excellent animal model for evaluation of biomaterial for bone regeneration and dental implant osseointegration. From an ethical point of view, one sheep allows for up to 12 implants per animal, permitting to keep them alive at the end of the experiments. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of our study is to present the benefit of using the transvers acetabular ligament for intraoperative determination of the anteversion of acetabular component. Methods: Twenty-one total hip arthroplasties were performed. The transverse acetabular ligament was identified and used as a guide to position the acetabular component. Results: The mean anteversion angle was 16.9. None of the patients studied sustained a postoperative dislocation during this short follow-up period. Conclusion: We conclude from this preliminary study that the transverse acetabular ligament can aid positioning of the acetabular component of a THR. It defines the version of the acetabular component without the need for external instrumentation, and is independent of the position of the patient. Level of Evidence IV; Prospective Study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to identify factors contributing to the development of non-union after fixation of diaphyseal humeral fractures using Hackethal's intramedullary nailing technique. Methods: In the time period from 2001 to 2010 156 patients with diaphyseal humeral fractures were treated surgically using Hackethal's technique. Six of them (3.8%) developed non-union. This group included three women and two men aged 63-69 years and one woman aged 37 years. The following parameters of the patients were recorded: age, gender, comorbidities, substance abuse, mechanism of injury, fracture type and location according to the AO/ASIF classification, and the operative technique. Results: A non-union developed in six patients treated with Hackethal´s method (3.8%). Five of six non-unions (83%) were observed in patients in their sixties. In the subgroup of sexagenarians, non-union developed in 20.8% of surgically treated patients, as compared to 3.8 % in entire group. In the union group, fractures have been caused by high energy trauma in 52% of patients. In patients who developed non-union, high energy trauma caused 67% of fractures. With correct surgical technique the development of a non-union was observed in 0.7% of patients, with incorrect technique in 35.7% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Treatment of diaphyseal humeral fractures with Hackethal's intramedullary elastic bundle nailing resulted in an overall high union rate. Factors contributing to the development of non-union were extension of this method to AO type B3 and C fractures and technical imperfection during implantation. Level of Evidence III, Prospective, Case-Control Study.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the transport of children in automobiles and the use of child restraints systems (CRS). Methods: This is a transversal descriptive study which included 200 vehicle drivers who carried 0-10 year old children in the city of São Luis, MA, Brazil. The drivers' passengers' and children's features were properly identified. The children's transportation using CRS were analyzed according to the Resolution 277/8 of the Brazilian National Traffic Department. Results: The transportation of children was classified as inappropriate in 70.5% of the vehicles analyzed. The most common way for children transportation was free on the back seats (47%) or on the lap of passengers/drivers (17%). The main reasons to justify the improper transportation were either not understanding the importance of CRS use (64.5%) or not having financial resources to buy the devices. The child safety seat was the most used CRS (50.8 %) among vehicles with proper child transportation system. Conclusion: The transportation of children was inappropriate in most of the vehicles analyzed, reflecting the need for creating awareness among automobile drivers, including education, supervision and improvement of policies for health improvement and prevention of accidents involving children transportation. Level of Evidence III, Cross Sectional Study.