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Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Volume: 46, Número: 8, Publicado: 2017
  • Description of growth and body composition of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) by Gompertz model Aquaculture

    Espitia-Manrique, Carmen Helena; Fernandes, João Batista Kochenborger; Sakomura, Nilva Kazue; Arias-Vigoya, Ángel Andrés; Nascimento, Thiago Matias Torres do; Silva, Edney Pereira da; Mansano, Cleber Fernando Menegasso

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the growth of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) using the Gompertz model, determining the relative growth and allometric coefficients of body components in relation to body weight and protein weight. Six hundred animals were grown until 233 days of age. Data on chemical composition (water, lipid, protein, and ash) and weight measurements were obtained each 30 days. The Gompertz growth equation was used to analyze chemical allometry and to estimate growth parameters. The relationship between chemical components and body protein was estimated. Protein and body weight increased proportionally, with ash being the earliest nutrient (209.2 days), while lipid deposition occurred later. Linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between lipids and body water. This study provided a useful equation to predict the growth, chemical body composition, and rate of nutrient deposition across the life stages of freshwater angelfish. The rates of nutrient deposition as a function of body weight are important to understand the growth process of freshwater angelfish. Thus, mature weight was estimated in 26.14 g. The allometric relationships of body components and deposition rates indicated that protein and body weight are highly correlated across the life stages of freshwater angelfish. The Gompertz equation is a useful tool to describe the growth and body composition of freshwater angelfish.
  • The use of crude glycerin as an alternative to reduce fermentation losses and enhance the nutritional value of Piatã grass silage Forage Crops

    Orrico, Marco Antonio Previdelli; Velazquez Duarte, José Augusto; Crone, Carla; Neves, Franciely de Oliveira; Reis, Ricardo Andrade; Orrico, Ana Carolina Amorim; Schwingel, Alice Watte; Vilela, Danielle Marques

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate fermentation losses and the nutritional value of silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv BRS Piatã ensiled with different levels of crude glycerin. The experiment followed a 4 × 2 completely randomized factorial design with four doses of crude glycerin (0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg–1 of DM silage) and two cutting ages (45 and 60 days) with four replicates per treatment (silos). The parameters of dry matter losses, effluents losses, gas losses, pH, microbial population, and nutritional value of the silage were evaluated. There was no difference in pH among the tested doses of crude glycerin. However, reductions in dry matter and gas losses were observed as a function of crude glycerin doses. Bacterial populations of lactic acid and facultative mesophilic anaerobes also increased as a function of crude glycerin inclusion. Crude glycerin increased ether extract levels and reduced neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations (dilution effect), improving chemical composition of the silage. Crude glycerin can be used in the ensiling of Piatã grass and the dose of 300 g kg–1 of DM yields the best results.
  • Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver Non-Ruminants

    Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Sungur, Şana; Baylan, Mikail

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary choline on amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver. A hundred and thirty-six one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into eight equal groups of 17 quails each. The experiment was designed based on completely randomized design in two controls and six treatment groups: high stocking density, basal diet, control group (HSD; control 1); normal stocking density, basal diet, control group (NSD; control 2); HSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg–1 choline (A); NSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg–1 choline (B); HSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg–1 choline (C); NSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg–1 choline (D); HSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg–1 choline (E); and NSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg–1 choline (F). Feeds and water were supplied ad libitum. Continuous light was provided. Quails were kept in cages of 50 × 100 cm in size. The choline content of quail meat increased with increasing amount of added choline to feed. The highest choline content (439.2 and 561.2 mg kg–1) in quail meat was detected in E and F groups which fed the 3600 mg kg–1 choline supplemented diet. The total lipid content of liver in E and F groups was reduced by 42% compared with the control groups. We recommend the use of supplementary choline that can improve the amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver.
  • Effects of tin caulis dendrobium polysaccharide on the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats Non-Ruminants

    Xu, Dingting; Zhang, Hanyun; Wang, Xiaoying

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of tin caulis dendrobium polysaccharide on body weight and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Sprague-Dawleg rats. The rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without tin caulis dendrobium polysaccharide for eight weeks. Body weight, liver function tests, serum and liver lipids, liver morphology, and the expression of PPARγ and UCP2 were assessed. Rats fed HFD exhibited more obvious weight gain, increased serum, and hepatic lipids. But the more tin caulis dendrobium polysaccharide they fed, the lower increase in weight, serum, and hepatic lipids of rats were found. Furthermore, the expression of PPARγ and UCP2 decreased in rats fed tin caulis dendrobium polysaccharide compared with HFD-fed rats. Tin caulis dendrobium polysaccharide may downregulate the expression of PPARγ and UCP2 in liver and protect against body weight gain and liver fat deposition.
  • Proportions of sugarcane and babassu mesocarp bran in diets for feedlot cattle Ruminants

    Augusto, Wescley Faccini; Ribeiro, Glauco Mora; Restle, João; Missio, Regis Luis; Neiva, José Neuman Miranda; Miotto, Fabrícia Rocha Chaves; Rocha, Higor Patrick Sousa Lopes

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance of feedlot cattle fed diets containing chopped sugarcane ratios (580 or 380 g/kg of diet dry matter) as roughage and levels of inclusion of babassu mesocarp bran (BMB; 420 to 620 g/kg of concentrate dry matter). Twenty-four young Nellore bulls with 321±23 kg initial body weight, at 22 months of age, were used in a completely randomized experimental design with treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and six replicates. Dry matter intake (21.71 g/kg of body weight), average daily gain (1.46 kg/day), and cold carcass weight (232.59 kg) were not changed by proportion of sugarcane or BMB level. The proportions of sugarcane and BMB levels did not change the apparent digestibility of the diets, except the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, which was lower in the diet associating the lowest levels of sugarcane and BMB. Increasing proportions of sugarcane reduced subcutaneous fat thickness from 2.89 to 1.91 mm. Carcass commercial primal cuts were not affected by variation factors. Inclusion of babassu mesocarp bran enables the use of larger proportions of sugarcane as a result of the increased digestibility of the fiber fraction of feedlot cattle diets without changing the performance and main carcass traits of these animals.
  • Effect of high energy intake on carcass composition and hypothalamic gene expression in Bos indicus heifers Ruminants

    Diniz-Magalhães, Juliane; Mesquita, Lígia Garcia; Carvalho, Marina Vieira de; Machado, Anna Beatriz Escarpellin; Pimentel, José Rodrigo Valim; Prada e Silva, Luis Felipe

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high or low energy intake on carcass composition and expression of hypothalamic genes related to the onset of puberty. Twenty-four prepubertal Nellore heifers, 18-20- months-old, with 275.3±18.0 kg body weight (BW), and 4.9±0.2 (1-9 scale) body condition score (BCS) were randomly assigned to two treatments: high-energy diet (HE) and low-energy diet (LE). Heifers were housed in two collective pens and fed diets formulated to promote average daily gain of 0.4 (LE) or 1.2 kg (HE) BW/day. Eight heifers from each treatment were slaughtered after the first corpus luteum detection - considered as age of puberty. The 9-10-11th rib section was taken and prepared for carcass composition analyses. Samples from hypothalamus were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. Specific primers for targets (NPY, NPY1R, NPY4R, SOCS3, OXT, ARRB1, and IGFPB2) and control (RPL19 and RN18S1) genes were designed for real-time PCR and then the relative quantification of target gene expression was performed. High-energy diets increased body condition score, cold carcass weight, and Longissimus lumborum muscle area and decreased age at slaughter. High-energy diets decreased the expression of NPY1R and ARRB1 at 4.4-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. In conclusion, the hastening of puberty with high energy intake is related with greater body fatness and lesser hypothalamic expression of NPY1 receptor and of β-arrestin1, suggesting a less sensitive hypothalamus to the negative effects of NPY signaling.
  • Biochemical and seminal parameters of lambs fed palm kernel cake under grazing system Ruminants

    Mugabe, Lopes César; Bagaldo, Adriana Regina; Barbosa, Larissa Pires; Araújo, Fabiana Lana de; Oliveira, Bruna Yasnaia de Souza; Silva, Rosani Valéria Marcelina Matoso; Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes; Pinheiro, Emmanuel Emydio Gomes

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of palm kernel cake on semen quality and biochemical parameters of Santa Inês lambs. A total of 40 animals with 24.10±2.72 kg body weight and five months old were assigned in a completely randomized design into four groups and 10 replicates. The animals were subjected to four levels of palm kernel cake (0, 15, 30, and 45%) based on dry matter. The trial lasted 90 days foregone by 15 days for adaptation. Blood samples were collected every 45 days from jugular vein using vacuum tubes without anticoagulant. Total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein were assessed. Once the animals reached puberty at a mean age of 225 days, the semen samples were collected by electroejaculator once a week for three sequence weeks and assessed for volume, color, aspect, wave motion, motility, sperm concentration, sperm vigor, total of spermatozoa per ejaculate, viable spermatozoa per mL, and sperm morphology. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by regression analysis. Non-parametric data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein were linearly increased. There was no difference for low-density lipoprotein. Diets did not affect mass motility, sperm motility, vigor, total spermatozoa per ejaculate, viability sperm per mL, and minor and total sperm defects. Sperm concentration increased linearly. Negative quadratic effects were observed for major sperm defects. Supplementation of diets with palm kernel cake up to 45% on dry matter enhance biochemical parameters and do not impair the qualitative variables of lamb sperm.
  • Blood biochemical parameters of Brazilian sport horses under training in tropical climate Short Communication

    Padilha, Felipe Gomes Ferreira; Dimache, Luana Avila Giorgia; Almeida, Fernando Queiroz de; Ferreira, Ana Maria Reis

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT This study aimed to provide baseline data for the serum biochemical parameters of Brazilian sport horses undergoing physical training for eventing to be used as a practical guide. A total of 139 blood samples were collected by vacuum venipuncture of the jugular vein from healthy horses in training. Tubes without anticoagulant were used for biochemical analysis. Means and standard deviations were determined for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (306.27±84.66 U/L), creatine kinase (CK) (181.06±80.38 U/L), urea (29.51±5.82 mg/dL), creatinine (1.44±0.20 mg/dL), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (14.58±6.55 U/L), calcium (13.22±0.59 mg/dL), and albumin (2.86±0.16 g/dL). The specific reference ranges were: AST, 197-454 U/L; CK, 116-290 U/L; urea, 22-42 mg/dL; creatinine, 1.2-1.8 mg/dL; GGT, 9-26 U/L; calcium, 12.2-14.2 mg/dL; and albumin, 2.6-3.1 g/dL. Beneficial effects of the training program on the horses were observed and these effects did not lead to any changes in the biochemical parameters studied. The environment may influence the serum biochemical parameters, particularly AST and CK, of Brazilian sport horses.
  • Components of sustainable animal production and the use of silvopastoral systems Invited Review

    Broom, Donald Maurice

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for sustainable animal production systems. A system or procedure is sustainable if it is acceptable now and if its expected future effects are acceptable, in particular in relation to resource availability, consequences of functioning, and morality of action. What might make any animal usage system unsustainable? The system might involve depletion of resources such that a resource becomes unavailable or a product of the system might accumulate to a degree that prevents the functioning of the system. However, any effect which the general public find unacceptable makes a system unsustainable. A production system might be unsustainable because of inefficient usage of world food resources; adverse effects on human health; poor animal welfare; harmful environmental effects, such as low biodiversity or insufficient conservation; unacceptable genetic modification; not being “fair trade”, in that producers in poor countries are not properly rewarded; or damage to rural communities. Consumers might judge, because of any of these inadequacies, that the quality of the product is poor. Animal welfare is a component of sustainability and good quality of product. Three-level plant production, including pasture, shrubs with edible leaves, and trees that may also have edible leaves, are an example of a silvopastoral system. The production of leaves and other material that can be eaten by the animals is much greater than can be achieved by pasture-only systems. Results presented from tropical and sub-tropical studies show that production of cattle and other animals can be better, biodiversity much increased, animal disease reduced, and animal welfare improved in three-level silvopastoral systems.
  • Tree legumes: an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures Invited Review

    Dubeux, José Carlos Batista; Muir, James P.; Apolinário, Valéria Xavier de Oliveira; Nair, P. K. Ramachandran; Lira, Mario de Andrade; Sollenberger, Lynn E.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Tree legumes are an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures. Perceived benefits of tree legumes include provisioning (browse/mast, timber, fuel, human food, natural medicines, and ornamentals), regulating (C sequestration, greenhouse gas mitigation, soil erosion control and riparian buffers, shade, windbreaks, and habitat for pollinators), supporting (biological N2-fixation, nutrient cycling, soil fertility and soil health, photosynthesis, and primary productivity), and cultural ecosystem services. Tree legumes, however, have not been assessed to the same extent as herbaceous legumes. Once tree legumes are established, they are often more persistent than most herbaceous legumes. There are limitations for extended research with tree legume silvopastures, but extensive research has been done in Africa and Australia and recent efforts have been reported in South America. Economic benefits must be demonstrated to land managers to increase adoption. These benefits are apparent in the research and successes already available, but more long-term research, including the livestock component is necessary. Other factors that reduce adoption include paucity of domesticated germplasm, lag in research/technology, challenges of multipurpose trees and management complexity, challenges to mechanization, dangers of invasive weeds, and social and cultural barriers. In the current scenario of climate change and the need to increase food security, tree legumes are a key component for the sustainable intensification of livestock systems in warm-climate regions.
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