Resumo em Português:

Foram coletadas 35 amostras de mel natural em diferentes condições climáticas, por um período de dois anos. Os apiários se localizavam nos distritos de Bom Jesus do Amparo, Barão de Cocais e São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, a cerca de 100 km de Belo Horizonte, a capital do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos teores de K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, espectro polínico, cor, cinzas e umidade. As médias encontradas foram: K = 1130; Mn = 3,88; Fe = 2,79; Zn = 2,34 e Cu = 0,54 µ g/g. No período de seca houve predomínio de grãos de pólen de origem de espécies de Eucalyptus e, em menor extensão de Vernonia. No período chuvoso, houve uma inversão dessa proporção. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados, separados por colméia e por estação climática, apresentou médias estatisticamente equivalentes, embora tenham sido obtidos índices expressivos de correlação (p = 0,05), como % Eucalyptus x Mn (0,450), ou entre Fe x Zn (0,698) ou ainda entre K x Mn, de 0,738.

Resumo em Inglês:

Thirty-five natural honey samples from three apicultural regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were collected from honeybee hives under various climatic conditions over a two-year period. The beehives were located in the districts of Bom Jesus do Amparo, Barão de Cocais and São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, all within a 100 km radius of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The pollinic spectrum, color and ash, moisture, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents were determined. Elemental analysis were done by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Accuracy and precision were verified by recovery tests and relative standard deviation, respectively. The mean mineral contents encountered were K = 1130; Mn = 3.88; Fe = 2.79; Zn = 2.34 and Cu = 0.54 µ g/g. During the dry season, several species of Eucalyptus pollen grains predominated, with Vernonia pollen grains present in lower abundance. In the rainy season, there was an inversion of dominance. Statistical treatment of results, separated according to comb and season, showed statistically equivalent means, although some good correlation indices (p = 0.05) were obtained, e.g. between percent Eucalyptus pollen grains and Mn content (0.450), between Fe and Zn (0.698) and between K and Mn (0.738).

Resumo em Português:

A peroxidase de pessego foi purificada 28,9 vezes por cromatografia de DEAE-celulose, Sephadex G-100 e hidroxiapatite. A enzima purificada mostrou um único pico de atividade apresentando pH ótimo de 5,0 e temperatura de 40ºC. A energia de ativação para a reação foi 7,97 kcal/mol. A enzima mostrou-se termolábil na faixa de 60 a 80ºC, e com uma inativação rápida a 80ºC. A eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida do transcurso da inativação a 70ºC mostrou uma só banda de atividade. Diferentes tipos de açucares aumentaram a estabilidade térmica da atividade enzimática, na seguinte ordem: sacarose> lactose>glicose>frutose. Medida da atividade residual mostrou um efeito estabilizante da sacarose a várias relações temperatura/concentração (10 a 40%, p/p). A energia de ativação para inativação aumentou com aumento crescente da concentração de sacarose de 0-20% (p/p). Após inativação a 70ºC e 75ºC a enzima foi capaz de ser reativada até 40% da atividade inicial quando armazenada a 30ºC

Resumo em Inglês:

Peroxidase from peach fruit was purified 28.9-fold by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme showed only one peak of activity with an optimum pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40ºC. The calculated activation energy (Ea) for the reaction was 7.97 kcal/mol. The enzyme was heat-labile in the temperature range of 60 to 80ºC with a fast inactivation at 80ºC. PAGE of the inactivation course at 70ºC showed only one band of activity. Different sugars increased the heat stability of the activity in the following order: sucrose>lactose>glucose>fructose. Measurement of residual activity showed a stabilizing effect of sucrose at various temperature/sugar concentrations (10 to 40%, w/w) with the Ea for inactivation increasing with sucrose concentration from 0 to 20% (w/w). After inactivation at 70ºC and 75ºC the enzyme was able to be reactivated by up to 40% of the initial activity when stored at 30ºC.

Resumo em Português:

Farinhas com diferentes propriedades físico-químicas e funcionais foram obtidas do milho maltado. Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) foi usada para estudar os efeitos do tempo de maltagem (1, 3, 5 dias), temperatura de maltagem (20, 25, 30° C) e concentração de ácido giberélico (0.0; 0.5; 1.0%) nestas propriedades. A composição química e a viscosidade da pasta de farinha foram significativamente afetada pelo tempo e temperatura de maltagem, enquanto o índice de solubilidade em água (water solubility index - WSI) e índice de absorção de água (WAI) variou apenas com o tempo de maltagem. O ácido giberélico não influenciou significativamente nenhuma das propriedades estudadas. Germinação a 20-25° C por 3 dias foi recomendada para obter farinha de milho com alto índice de absorção de água (WAI), baixa viscosidade e médio índice de solubilidade em água (WSI), sem excessiva perda de proteínas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Flours with different physicochemical and functional properties were obtained from malted corn. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of malting time (1,3, 5 days), malting temperature (20, 25, 30º C) and gibberelic acid concentration (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 %) on these properties. The chemical composition and paste viscosity of flours were significantly affected by malting time and temperature, while water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI) varied only with malting time. Gibberelic acid did not significantly influenced any of the studied properties. Germination at 20-25ºC for 3 days was recomended to obtain corn flour with high WAI, low viscosity and medium WSI, without excessive loss of proteins.

Resumo em Inglês:

In the present study, the production of an anti-GLUT 2 antibody is reported. The antibody (S-5096) was raised in New Zealand rabbits immunized with an immunogen prepared by cross-linking the synthetic peptide and a carrier protein. A COOH-terminal decapeptide of rat GLUT 2 predicted sequence was synthesized and coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, using the glutaraldehyde method. Subcellular membrane fractions were prepared from renal cortex (C) and medulla (M), and subjected to Western blotting analysis using the antiserum in a 1:200 dilution and, subsequently, [125I]protein A. As the results showed, the S-5096 anti-serum showed clear blots in kidney samples, stronger in cortex than in medulla as expected, whereas white adipose tissue and heart samples did not show any immunoreactivity. In addition, immunoblots were detected in samples prepared from duodenum and jejunum, as well as from isolated pancreatic B cells. In conclusion, the results clearly show that an anti-Glut 2 antibody, efficient enough to detect the rat protein by Western blotting analysis, was obtained.

Resumo em Português:

Vários métodos multivariados vêm sendo aplicados em análises de divergência de populações. Nesse estudo, a consistência e a concordância relativa entre quatro métodos foram acessadas utilizando-se cinco cultivares de cacau. Os dados analisados referem-se a cinco componentes de produção obtidos de um dialelo completo 5 x 5, durante cinco anos. As quatro estatísticas multivariadas aplicadas apresentaram estreita concordância entre si, quando consideradas aos pares, no caso, as distâncias de Mahalanobis (D2) com as euclidianas médias obtidas de variáveis canônicas (d vc) e as distâncias euclidianas médias (d e) com as euclidianas médias obtidas de componentes principais (d cp). Em ambos os casos, correlações altas foram obtidas (r > 0,95). Todavia, fraca concordância foi detectada entre D2 e de (0,50) e entre d cp e d vc (0,66). Assim, em estudos de divergência genética, as estatísticas que consideram a matriz de variâncias e covariâncias residuais deverão ser preferidas, sempre que for possível a sua estimação

Resumo em Inglês:

Several multivariate methods have been used in divergence analyses of populations. Consistency and relative association among four methods were assessed using a 5 x 5 complete-diallel data involving cacao cultivars. Over a 5-year period, five cultivars were analyzed based upon five yield components. In assessing the divergence of parents only the data obtained from five cacao cultivars were analyzed. Four multivariate statistics presented close association when considered in pairs, in this case the Mahalanobis' (D²) with the mean Euclidean distance obtained from canonical variates (d cv), and mean Euclidean distance (d e) with the mean Euclidean distance obtained from principal components (d pc). In both cases, high correlations (r > 0.95) were obtained. However, a weak association was detected between D² and de and between d pc and d cv (0.50 and 0.66, respectively). Thus, in studies on genetic divergence, statistics considering the error variance-covariance matrix should be preferred whenever its estimate is possible.

Resumo em Português:

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a partição da massa seca das reservas das sementes durante o crescimento de plântulas de Sietenia macrophylla , no escuro e sob baixos níveis de radiação fotossintéticamente ativa: 0,125; 3,12 e 52µ mol.m-2.s-1. Após 50 dias a massa seca das reservas das sementes não diferiram com os diferentes tratamentos de luz. Não foi observado diferenças na razão raíz/parte aérea, mas a razão área foliar foi menor no maior nível de luz. Somente as plântulas crescidas a 52 µ mol.m-2.s-1 mostraram um incremento positivo na massa seca em relação às reservas mobilizadas da semente. Uma equação linear foi ajustada entre o incremento líquido de massa seca das plântulas e níveis de luz, permitindo determinar 3,76 µ mol.m-2.s-1 como ponto de compensação de luz das plântulas. Esses resultados explicam a tolerância à sombra das plântulas de S. macrophylla

Resumo em Inglês:

The aim of this study was to verify the dry mass partition of the seed reserves during the initial growth of Swietenia macrophylla seedlings, in the dark, and at low levels of photosynthetically active radiation: 0.125; 3.12 and 52 µ mol.m-2.s-1. After 50 days, the dry mass of the seed reserves did not differ with treatments, but the total dry mass and leaf area were higher in the seedlings under higher light treatment. No difference in root/shoot ratio was observed between treatments, but the leaf area ratio was lower at higher light. Only the seedlings grown at 52 µ mol.m-2.s-1 showed a positive dry mass increase in relation to the mobilized seed reserves. With the values of the net increase of the seedling mass, a linear equation was adjusted in relation to the light levels, permitting to determine 3.76 µ mol.m-2.s-1 as the seedling light compensation point. These results explain the shade tolerance of the S. macrophylla seedlings.

Resumo em Português:

Este trabalho caracterizou a composição dos braquiúros em Schizoporella unicornis. As amostras foram coletadas na Praia do Itaguá, Ubatuba (SP), em intervalos de três meses, durante as estações climáticas de Janeiro a Dezembro/1995. As colônias de briozoários foram obtidas por mergulho livre, coletadas pela manhã. Um total de 323 espécimes foram coletados dentro de quatro famílias (Xanthidae, Portunidae, Majidae e Grapsidae). Pachygrapsus transversus, Hexapanopeus schimitti e Menippe nodifrons ocorreram em todas as estações. O maior e o menor número de indivíduos foram registrados na primavera e no outono, respectivamente. Xanthidae exibiu maior densidade no verão, outono e primavera, enquanto Grapsidae foi no inverno. Registrou-se a ocorrência de Charibdis hellerii, espécie originária do Indo-Pacífico. A diversidade de espécies obtida, juntamente com o acentuado número de indivíduos imaturos e fêmeas ovígeras, constituem indícios de que colônias de Schizoporella constituem um local de reprodução e desenvolvimento para estes crustáceos

Resumo em Inglês:

This work characterizes the composition of Brachyura from Schizoporella unicornis. The samples were collected in 1995 at Itaguá Beach, Ubatuba (SP), at three month intervals, during all seasons from January to December. The Bryozoa colonies were obtained by snorkeling at a depth of five meters in daylight. A total of 323 specimens were collected from four families (Xanthidae, Portunidae, Majidae and Grapsidae). Pachygrapsus transversus, Hexapanopeus schimitti, and Menippe nodifrons occurred in all seasons. The highest and lowest number of individuals occurred during the spring and autumn, respectively. Xanthidae exhibited the highest density during the summer, autumn, and spring, while Grapsidae exhibited the highest density in winter. It was noted the presence of Charibdis hellerii, an portunid from Indo-Pacific ocean. The diversity of species obtained, in addition to an accentuated number of immature and ovigerous females specimens, suggested that Schizoporella colonies were a place of reproduction and development.

Resumo em Português:

Análise química de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L) provenientes de oito municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil foi efetuada. Os teores (base seca) de pigmentos curcuminóides variaram de 1,4 a 6,14 g/100 g e os de óleo volátil, de 0,97 a 7,55 mL/100 g. Amostras de Patrocínio, Arinos e Brasilândia continham os maiores teores de pigmentos e as de Patrocínio os maiores teores de óleos voláteis. Os teores médios (base seca) de extrato etéreo, proteínas, fibras, cinzas e amido encontrados foram 8,51; 7,01; 7,22; 7,81 e 39,87 g/100 g, respectivamente. Com o objetivo de obter corante amarelo isento de flavor, métodos de extração em laboratório foram comparados em triplicata. Um maior rendimento de pigmento na oleoresina foi obtido extraindo-se o óleo volátil com vapor d'água e a oleoresina com etanol. A oleoresina obtida é isenta de flavor e pode ser utilizada em um número maior de aplicações na indústria alimentícia

Resumo em Inglês:

Chemical analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa L) cultivated in eight different cities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil was carried out. The levels of curcuminoid pigments varied from 1.4 to 6.14 g/100 g and of volatile oil from 0.97 to 7.55 mL/100 g (dry basis). Samples from Patrocínio, Arinos and Brasilândia contained higher pigment levels compared to the others. The sample from Patrocínio contained the highest volatile oil content. The mean levels of ethyl ether extract, protein, fiber, ash and starch were 8.51, 7.01, 7.22, 7.81 and 39.87 g/100 g dry basis, respectively. Laboratory extraction of flavour free oleoresin was performed in triplicate. A higher yield of pigment in the oleoresin was obtained when the volatile oil was extracted with water vapor and the oleoresin with ethanol. The oleoresin obtained was free of flavour and could be used in a wider range of food applications.

Resumo em Português:

A toxicidade aguda de amostras de sedimento coletadas em alguns pontos do Estuário de Santos foi avaliada por meio de teste de toxicidade de utilizando o anfípodo escavador Tiburonella viscana. A sobrevivência de animais aclimatados por 2 e 15 dias foi também comparada. A sensibilidade dos organismos-teste foi avaliada pela sobrevivência após 48horas de exposição ao dicromato de potássio (K2Cr2O7). As amostras provenientes das praias do Gonzaga, Paranapuã e Prainha não foram tóxicas para T. viscana, enquanto as amostras coletadas no Mar de São Vicente e no Canal de Santos causaram efeitos tóxicos. O tempo de aclimatação não afetou significativamente a sobrevivência, apesar da maior mortalidade entre os animais aclimatados por 15 dias. A CL50-48h para o dicromato foi 6,029mg/L (3,27-11,12). Teste de toxicidade com T. viscana mostrou-se útil na avaliação da qualidade de sedimentos do Estuário de Santos. Além disso, estes animais foram considerados tão sensíveis quanto outras espécies usadas em bioensaios. Assim, testes com T. viscana devem ser recomendados como parte integrante de programas de monitoramento

Resumo em Inglês:

The acute toxicity of sediment samples from Santos Estuary was evaluated by using sediment toxicity tests with the burrowing amphipod Tiburonella viscana. Survival of amphipods acclimated for 2 and 15 days was also analyzed. The sensitivity of this species was evaluated by 48h-exposure tests using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as a reference substance. The sediment samples from Gonzaga Beach, Prainha and Paranapuã Beach were not toxic to T. viscana, whereas the samples collected at Santos Channel and São Vicente Bay were toxic. The acclimation period did not affect survival significantly, in spite of the higher mortality within the 15-day acclimated group. The estimated 48-h LC50 to K2Cr2O7 was 6.029 mg/L (3.27-11.12). Toxicity tests using T. viscana were useful in assessing the quality of sediments of Santos Estuary. Moreover, this amphipod was considered as sensitive as other amphipods used in toxicity tests elsewhere. Thus, toxicity tests using Tiburonella viscana should be recommended as part of future monitoring programs.

Resumo em Português:

Estudos foram realizados com o objetivo de otimizar as condições de cultura para a produção de b-D-fructan-fructanohydrolase (inulinase) com uma cepa selvagem de Estafilococos sp. RRL8. Os experimento foram realizados em meio sólido utilizando raiz de chicória moída como única fonte de carbono e suplementada com licor de milho e KH2P0(4) p. Uma certo número de parâmetros, tais como tempo de cultivo, umidade inicial e temperatura de incubação foram otimizadas. A produção máxima de enzima extra-celular foi obtida quando a fermentação foi realizada à temperatura de 30ºC por um período de 24 horas e um teor umidade de 60%. A suplementação do substrato com uma fonte de carbono adicional (exceto com sacarose) resultou no decréscimo da produção de enzima, o que indica que a cepa foi parcialmente depressiva. A adição de uma fonte de nitrogênio externa também não resultou em maior de produção da enzima, ao contrario um impacto nocivo na cultura de Estafilococos sp. RRL8

Resumo em Inglês:

Investigations were carried out to optimize the culture conditions for the production of b-D-fructan-fructanohydrolase by an indigenously isolated bacterial culture of Staphylococcus sp. RRL8. Experiments were carried out in solid culturing using chicory roots (powdered) as the source of carbon, which was supplemented, with corn steep liquor and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. A number of process parameters, like period of cultivation, initial moisture content in the substrate and temperature of incubation were optimized. Maximum extra-cellular enzyme was produced when fermentation was carried out at 30ºC for 24 h using chicory roots with 60% initial moisture. Supplementation of the substrate with additional carbon source (except with sucrose) resulted decreased enzyme titres, which indicated that the strain was partially depressive. Addition of external nitrogen sources (in addition to corn steep liquor) also failed to stimulate enzyme formation; rather exerted harmful impact on bacterial culture of Staphylococcus sp. RRL8.

Resumo em Inglês:

Sediment cores 40 cm depth were taken in triplicate at nine points along an unvegetable intertidal flat, to assess the ecological implications of sedimentological characteristics. Each core was sectioned in 5 cm depht layers. In these sub-samples temperature, pH, water, organic matter and carbonate content were determined. Granulometric analysis, porosity, qualitative and quantitative identification of sediment components were also carried. The sediments presented low water (15.6 - 37.2 %), organic matter (0.7 - 5.0 %) and carbonates (0.3 - 1.0 %) contents, prevailing fine to very fine sand at surface. Statistical analysis showed a strong horizontal homogeneity regarding sedimentological and physiochemical parameters. Organic matter exhibit a general trend of increase with depth, while carbonate content follow an inverse behavior, refleting the higher contribution of bioclastic calcareous. Textural features and qualitative sediment analysis suggest that the biological mechanism of shell crushing is predominant over physical ones in the grinding till sand size. Amongst the involved organisms there is a sponge Clione celata, the mollusks Nassarius vibex and Thais haemastoma floridana (Gastropoda), Martesia striata (Bivalvia), and the spionid polychaete Polydora socialis and P. websteri.

Resumo em Inglês:

The "aroeira" (Schinus terebenthifolius, RADDI), known as a toxic plant is actually very used in popular medicine, mainly in the treatment of general inflammatory processes. Many of its properties or of its curative effects may be attributed to the different polyphenols that belong to its structural constitution. In this work we have demonstrated that the distribution of total phenols was different in the several organs of the "aroeira", such as leaves, flowers, fruits and stem. The importance of these substances for the plant physiology and defense mechanisms, their ecological relationships and some therapeutic uses were also discussed. The correlation between the polyphenol properties and the metabolism of animal cells, suggest special attention when the infusions or hydroalcoholic extracts, obtained from that plant, are used in humans.

Resumo em Inglês:

A microtome for frozen sections was developed using the facilities and equipment available in our country. The requirements for making it were: 1) fast frozen of the tissue, 2) easy histological procedure, 3) no necessity of long period for preparation of the tissue for histological procedure, and 4) low cost for making. This study shows results obtained by using the microtome for frozen sections of brain of rats.

Resumo em Inglês:

The effects of plant growth regulators GA3 50 mg. L-1, NAA 100 mg. L-1, CCC 1500 mg.L-1 and SADH 3000 mg.L-1 on stem anatomy of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ângela Gigante were studied. Two sets of experiments were carried out in greenhouse during two separte periods. Anatomical studies , revealed that growth promotors induced increased xylem thickness and increased the number of tracheary elements while the growth retardants decreased xylem thickness and induced fiber formation.

Resumo em Inglês:

In the period of January and December, 1995, there were collected by means of overtrawl, 12977 samples of macroinvertebrates and demersal fishes, in the Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha (SC), between the depths of 6 to 10 meters, in the periods of morning, afternoon, and evening. There were registered the incidence of 57 families, 80 kinds and 92 species distributed between the macroinvertebrates and demersal fishes. The families of greater incidence were: Portunidae (30.7%), Strombidae (11.4%), Sciaenidae (11.1%) and Bothidae (10.3%) which all together, contributed with 63.5% of the total samples. The grouping analysis presented greater diversity in the Winter (2.77) and smaller one in the Springtime (1,34); the amplitude of variation H' reflects the great number of species of both occasional and seasonal in the Armação do Itapocoroy.