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Neotropical Entomology, Volume: 39, Número: 2, Publicado: 2010
  • Mesofauna do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso da terra no Alto Rio Solimões, AM

    Morais, José W de; Oliveira, Viviane dos S; Dambros, Cristian de S; Tapia-Coral, Sandra C; Acioli, Agno N S

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The mesofauna has an important function in the soil and it is represented mainly by Acari Oribatida and Collembola. We report the first data on the density and diversity of the soil mesofauna in Benjamin Constant, Amazonas State, Brazil. The following systems were evaluated: primary forest, secondary forest, agroforestry system, cultivated areas and pastures. A total of 101 samples were collected 100 m apart from each other and specimens were collected by using Berlese-Tullgren method. The highest density was registered in secondary forest (29,776 specimens.m-2). Acari Oribatida was the dominant group (7.072 specimens.m-2) in the pasture, suggesting that mites show higher capacity of adaptation to disturbed environments and/or due to the presence of gregarious species. The density of Collembola (5,632 specimens.m-2) was higher in secondary forest. Formicidae was the dominant group (27,824 specimens.m-2) and its highest density occurred in the secondary forest (12,336 specimens.m-2). Seven species and ten morphospecies of Isoptera and three species of Symphyla were identified. The highest density and diversity were found in secondary forest. One supposes that the low density of mesofauna found in all of the studied systems is being influenced by soil structure and composition as well as litter volume. For SUT, the composition of taxonomic groups in the cultivated areas is similar to the one found in primary forest, while the groups found in the agroforestry system are similar to those in the pasture, which may help to decide on land use strategies.
  • Polinização entomófila de abobrinha, Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae)

    Serra, Bruna D V; Campos, Lucio A de O

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The objectives of this work were to determine the squash entomofauna in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, to study their behavior on flowers and their importance for pollination, verifying the role of each pollinator. The most common species were Trigona spinipes (Fabricius), Trigona hyalinata (Lepeletier), Apis mellifera (L.) and Melipona quadrifasciata (Lepeletier). The visitation behavior of A. mellifera, M. quadrifasciata, and Bombus morio (Swederus) were similar. They visited flowers for nectar collection, positioning themselves vertically between the corolla and the sexual structures of the flowers, with the back directed toward the floral axis, which permitted the removal of pollen from the anthers of flowers with stamens and its deposition on the stigma of flowers with pistils, being considered therefore effective pollinators. Trigona spinipes and T. hyalinata foraged in groups, preventing other species from landing on the flowers which they occupied. Due to their small body size and only infrequent contact with the sexual structures of the flowers, these species are considered occasional pollinators. The number of fruits produced differed between freely visited flowers, those prevented from receiving visits and those visited only a single time by M. quadrifasciata, B. morio, A. mellifera, T. hyalinata or T. spinipes. Flowers prevented from receiving visits or visited only once by T. spinipes did not produce fruits. The remaining pollination systems led to fruitification, with open pollination or a single visit from either M. quadrifasciata or B. morio leading to most fruit production.
  • Developmental biology of Argas neghmei Kohls & Hoogstraal (Acari: Argasidae) under laboratory conditions Ecology, Behavior And Bionomics

    González-Acuña, Daniel; Vargas, Pamela; Ardiles, Karen; Parra, Luis; Guglielmone, Alberto

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In order to describe the developmental biology of the tick Argas neghmei Kohls & Hoogstraal under laboratory conditions, 40 females and 40 males were collected from chicken coops located in Calama (II Region, Chile). They were fed on chickens and maintained under two laboratory conditions: one group at 30 ± 5 ºC and 35 ± 5 % RH and another at 27 ± 5 ºC and 80 ± 5 % RH, both at 12: 12 h L:D photoperiod. The ticks were observed daily to determine larval feeding periods, preoviposition, oviposition, egg incubation as well as the frequency of egg laying, number of eggs laid, and percentage of larval hatching. Females did not lay eggs at 80 ± 5% RH, and data on the biology of this tick was obtained only at 35 ± 5% RH. The life cycle of A. neghmei lasted an average of 269 days. Feeding period of each nymphal stage as well as of adult females between oviposition events lasted less than a day. Females laid on average 1.8 egg batches and egg-laying period lasted on average 14 days, during which about 96 eggs were laid per female.
  • Species richness in natural and disturbed habitats: Asteraceae and Flower-head insects (Tephritidae: Diptera) Ecology, Behavior And Bionomics

    Diniz, Soraia; Prado, Paulo I; Lewinsohn, Thomas M

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Anthropogenic changes in the landscape result in an environmental mosaic with serious consequences for biodiversity. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the anthropogenic changes on Asteraceae richness and abundance, and to evaluate the consequences for the richness of Tephritidae assemblages in five sampling sites, with three sampled habitats in each: cerrado (Brazilian savanna), eucalyptus stands and pasture. Sampling was carried out in 15 random transects (cerrados and one pasture) and in 30 transects (eucalyptus stands and the remaining pastures). Composition, species richness and insect abundance in each habitat type was estimated by sampling the flower heads for each species of host plant, collected by four people for 1h. Differences in mean abundance of plant population between habitats and sites were tested by two-way ANOVA. Differences in plant species richness between habitats and sites and effects of habitat, site and host plant richness on insect richness were tested using a generalized linear model with Poisson errors. Within each sampling site, cerrados showed higher species richness of Asteraceae than pastures and eucalyptus stands. There were also significant differences in plant richness among sites. Mean population abundance values were significantly different among habitats, but not among sites. Increased host plant richness led to significant insect species richness. There were no additional significant effects of habitat on insect richness. Therefore, anthropogenic alterations in landscape determined the impoverishment of plant assemblages and therefore of insect assemblages, because of the positive relationship between host plant richness and insect richness.
  • Efeito da alimentação da fase adulta na reprodução e longevidade de espécies de Noctuidae, Crambidae, Tortricidae e Elachistidae

    Milano, Patrícia; Berti Filho, Evoneo; Parra, José R P; Oda, Melissa L; Cônsoli, Fernando L

    Resumo em Inglês:

    This research evaluates the effect of the adult diet on the reproduction of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, Heliothis virescens (Fabr.), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Noctuidae), Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) (Crambidae), Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Lima (Tortricidae) and Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Elachistidae). Adults of all species were fed either water or a 10% honey solution. The egg viability for the 1st and 2nd egg masses, adult fecundity, longevity, number of mating and the ovigeny index (OI) (degree of ovarian maturation) were evaluated. Fecundity of A. gemmatalis and H. virescens was drastically reduced when females were fed only on water. Egg viability from both 1st and 2nd egg masses was variable between treatments. Females of A. gemmatalis, H. virescens and S. frugiperda, and males of some species had a reduced longevity when fed only on water. The number of matings was higher for A. gemmatalis and D. saccharalis when fed on water only. The OI was < 1.0 for all species evaluated indicating that all females may develop new oocytes as they age. Based on the OI and the reduced fecundity of A. gemmatalis and H. virescens, one observes that adult feeding is important for the reproduction of both species, and the IO is not a good parameter to indicate such condition. Spodoptera frugiperda, G. aurantianum, D. saccharalis and S. catenifer do not require any source of carbohydrates as adults to sustain their reproduction.
  • Exigências térmicas da praga do coqueiro Atheloca subrufella (Hulst)(Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

    Santana, Suêrda W J de; Barros, Reginaldo; Torres, Jorge B; Gondim Jr, Manoel G C

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Among the important pests of coconut, the coconut moth Atheloca subrufella (Hulst) is a significant pest of flowers and fruits, and is found across all coconut-producing regions in Brazil. We investigated the thermal requirements of A. subrufella and estimated the number of generations for two different growing coconut regions in Pernambuco State. The developmental time of all immature stages reduced as the temperature increased. The egg to adult period ranged from 19.3 to 59.8 days from 32ºC to 18ºC, respectively. The survival of the period from egg to adult was 25% at extreme temperatures (18ºC and 32ºC), while at the intermediate temperatures it was over 72%. Based on the thermal requirements determined for A. subrufella and the average temperatures determined for "Zona da Mata" and "Sertão" of Pernambuco State, it was estimated that A. subrufella is able to complete up to 13 generations per year in both areas. These results indicate that A. subrufella exhibited development and reproduction limited by temperatures higher than 32ºC and lower than 18ºC. However, based on the thermal requirements of A. subrufella and the mean temperatures of the "Zona da Mata" and "Sertão" of Pernambuco State, this pest can develop throughout the entire year.
  • Análise faunística de cigarrinhas (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) na cultura da videira no Rio Grande do Sul

    Ringenberg, Rudiney; Lopes, João R S; Botton, Marcos; Azevedo-Filho, Wilson S de; Cavichioli, Rodney R

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In some American countries, grapevines are affected by Pierce's disease (PD), which is caused by a particular strain of Xylella fastidiosa not yet reported in Brazil. In order to investigate the potential for PD spread in Brazil in case of pathogen introduction, we conducted a faunistic analysis of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated to vineyards in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis in the subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters), which includes the main potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. Leafhopper samplings were carried out fortnightly during two years (9/2004-9/2006) in four Vitis vinifera vineyards in the municipalities of Bento Gonçalves and Farroupilha (RS). Thirtyfour leafhopper and six spittlebug species were collected, but most (98.4%) of the 3,893 specimens trapped were leafhoppers, distributed in the subfamilies Cicadellinae (60.2%), Gyponinae (34.1%), Deltocephalinae (3.8%) and Coelidinae (0.3%). The sharpshooter specimens were divided in the tribes Cicadellini (68.5%; 12 species) and Proconiini (31.5%; 11 species). Based on the faunistic indices, five species of Cicadellini, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus dispar (Germar), Macugonalia cavifrons Stal, Sibovia sagata (Signoret) and Spinagonalia rubrovittata Cavichioli, and three of Proconiini, Molomea consolida (Schöder), Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) and Oncometopia fusca Melichar were prevalent in the vineyards. The high diversity of native sharpshooters in Rio Grande do Sul indicates the existence of a high risk of PD spread if the pathogen is introduced in grapevines.
  • Comportamento de propagação radial de larvas de Muscina stabulans (Fallén) (Diptera: Muscidae) em condições de laboratório

    Zimmer, Cristine R; Pires, Sabrina M; Cárcamo, Marcial C; Ribeiro, Paulo B

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Muscina stabulans (Fallén) is a synanthropic fly commonly found in decomposing animal matter. Once food resources are exhausted, larvae will disperse in search for a suitable place to pupariate or for an additional source of food. The behavior of propagation of postfeeding L3 larvae was studied by analyzing the distance of propagation, the depth of pupariation site, the pupal weight and sex ratio using a 50 cm circular arena divided in four quadrants, and filled with a 10 cm thick layer of humid sawdust. The total of 70.9% of the larvae pupariate up to 20 cm away from the arena's center, with 41.8% of them from 2.1 cm to 4.0 cm deep. Pupae that did not yield adults were lighter, and were originated by larvae that moved longer away and dug deeper to pupariate in relation to those from which adults emerged.
  • Arthropod recolonization in the restoration of a semideciduous forest in southeastern Brazil Ecology, Behavior And Bionomics

    Pais, Mara P; Varanda, Elenice M

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The use of arthropods for monitoring habitat changes has grown widely in the last decades. In Brazil, however, most of the studies in restored areas have involved only vegetation changes. The present study aimed at investigating recolonization patterns of epigeic arthropods in recently restored sites of semideciduous forests in southeastern Brazil. We compared the community structure of adjoining sites 5, 17, 29 and 36 months old with that at a nearby forest remnant (reference site). We also determined the most abundant species and looked for ecological indicator species of each site age. Arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps, and their assemblages were described and compared with multi- and univariate statistical methods. Species abundance and richness equivalent to the reference site were reached at five months after planting, however species composition was very distinctive not only in relation to the reference site, but also among restored sites. Some of the main species found in this restoration stage are common in agroecosystems or cerrado vegetation. Nevertheless, there was a clear trend of arthropod fauna in restored sites moving toward the fauna in the forest remnant over time. Our results also highlighted ants and termites because of their abundance and ants because of their high value as ecological indicators of restoration age.
  • Análisis morfológico de huevos de Triatoma barberi Usinger(Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

    Evangelista-Martínez, Zahaed; Imbert-Palafox, José L; Becerril-Flores, Marco A; Gómez-Gómez, Juan V

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Triatoma barberi Usinger is a widely recognized vector of the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi. The determination of its presence in the rural houses is made by direct observation of adults, nymphs, exuviae or eggs. For this reason, egg structural characteristics could facilitate the differentiation and identification of species that inhabit such environments. In here, the morphologic characteristics of eggs of T. barberi are described and analyzed with special attention to the anterior pole of the egg. The structural analysis of eggs by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of a wide and rough chorion edge, which contain aeropyles and micropyles. A deep spermatic canal between the endochorion and exochorion, and a trabecular network in the interior were also observed. The operculum showed cells with irregular growth and undefined polygonal shape. Externally, the operculum cells forms two rings of projections that surround a single extension located to the center. The cellular projections resemble respiratory horns, although the presence of aeropyles was not observed. The chorion structural characteristics can help to identify and separate close species in the Triatominae subfamily.
  • Morphometry and morphology of the antennae of Panstrongylus megistus Burmeister, Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Rhodnius prolixus Stal and Triatoma vitticeps Stal (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Systematics, Morphology And Physiology

    Rosa, João A da; Freitas, Silvia C M de; Malara, Flávio F; Rocha, Cláudia S

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The length of the four right antennal segments from nymphs and adults of Panstrongylus megistus Burmeister, Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Rhodnius prolixus Stal and Triatoma vitticeps Stal were measured. The length of the antennal segments of the adults of all four species, 4th and 5th instars of P. megistus, and 5th instar of R. neglectus and R. prolixus followed the same pattern: 2nd>3rd>4th>1st. The pattern of 1st and 2nd instars of P. megistus was: 4th>3rd>2nd>1st. For 3rd instars of P. megistus, 1st and 2nd instars of R. neglectus and R. prolixus they were: 3rd>4th>2nd>1st. Third and 4th instars of Rhodnius neglectus and R. prolixus had a pattern of: 3rd>2nd>4th>1st. Only T. vitticeps showed the same pattern (4th>3rd>2nd>1st) for all five instars. The morphological study of the second antennal segment by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) disclosed that the first instars of all four species exhibit type I bristles sensillae and one trichobothrium. Another type III bristle and basiconic, campaniform, coeloconic, trichoid sensillae and type I bristle and trichobothria were noted on their fourth instars and adults. Campaniform sensillae were noted only on T. vitticeps adults. Nodules were observed in the joint between 1st and 2nd antennal segments of adults of P. megistus and T. vitticeps, but not on R. neglectus and R. prolixus.
  • Caracterização molecular e divergência genética de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em diferentes culturas e locais de cultivo

    Fontes, Fernanda Von H M; Colombo, Carlos A; Lourenção, André L

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Knowledge on the genetic variation of populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) can improve the understanding of genetic diversity found in their biotypes and, consequently, offer guidelines for its management. In this study, the molecular characterization was performed and genetic diversity data were obtained for this insect from three regions of Brazil on different crops [cotton and soybean (Mato Grosso - MT); cabbage (Distrito Federal - DF); soybean and potato (São Paulo - SP)], using RAPD markers. RAPD analysis indicated 80.6% polymorphic loci and the average genetic similarity obtained by the Jaccard coefficient was 0.67. The whitefly populations collected on potato (SP) and soybean (MT) had higher genetic diversity values (0.75 and 0.72, respectively). Shannon's index (Ho) showed higher values for potato and soybean (SP e MT), and a smaller value for cabbage (DF). A high genetic divergence within and among the collected populations occurred, structured according to the regions of collection. Moreover, the great genetic similarity observed between potato (SP) and soybean (SP) populations suggested that both belong to the same biotype B and reinforces the polyphagous behavior of the species.
  • New fossil Stylops (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) from Dominican amber Systematics, Morphology And Physiology

    Kogan, Marcos; Poinar Jr, George

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Description of a new species of the genus Stylops from Dominican amber expands the number of families of this order represented by fossils of the mid-Eocene in the Neotropical region. The specimen described herein is reasonably well preserved, except for the tip of the abdomen that hampered observation of the aedeagus. The specimen fits definition of the comtemporary genus Stylops and differs from a related species, Jantarostylops kinzelbachi Kulicka, from Baltic amber, by the larger number of ommatidia, relative proportion of antennal segments, and venation of hind wings. The specimen differs from other contemporary species of Nearctic Stylops in, among other characters, the smaller size, sub-costa detached from costa and maxillary structure. Discovery of this fossil species of Stylops provides evidence of a possibly more temperate climate in the Antilles, since most contemporary species of the genus occur predominantly in the temperate zones of the Nearctic, Palearctic, and Oriental regions. All known species of the genus parasitize bees of the genus Andrena ( sensu lato). Existence of a fossil andrenid, Protandrena eickworti Rozen Jr, of the same Dominican amber, offers evidence of a potential host for this new species of Stylops.
  • Importância da ingestão de proteína na fase adulta para o sucesso de acasalamento dos machos de Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)

    Silva Neto, Alberto M da; Dias, Vanessa S; Joachim-Bravo, Iara S

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The importance of the protein ingestion during the adult stage on the mating success of males of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann was evaluated in experiments of laboratory and field cage. In laboratory, the effects of protein ingestion during the first four or 12 days of the male adult life was assessed by the following parameters: mating success (capacity of being chosen by the female) and the number of males that give out pheromonal signals. Some experiments of mating success had been carried through with males in different ratios. In these tests, the number of males which had ingested protein (an unique male) was remained constant and the number of males fed without protein was gradually increased from 1:1 to 1:5. In the field cages, the mating success experiments were done using a 1:1 ratio. The results showed that the protein ingestion in the first four days of life did not influence any of the analyzed parameters. When the period of ingestion of protein was extended to 12 days, protein-fed males fed produced more pheromonal signals and had a higher mating success when at a 1:1 ratio in laboratory and field cage assays. In laboratory, females randomly chose males in any other tested ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5), indicating that the female may lose the perception to identify the male who ingested protein in the first 12 days.
  • Distribuição de ovos de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) e o parasitismo por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

    Zago, Hugo B; Barros, Reginaldo; Torres, Jorge B; Pratissoli, Dirceu

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Oviposition site preference of Plutella xylostella (L.) and the parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley on cabbage plants at pre- and post-head formation were investigated in commercial cabbage field. Groups of six plants were randomly caged. In each cage three pairs of 24h-old P. xylostella moths were released, followed by 1,200 T. pretiosum females released 12h later. After 48h from parasitoid release, plants were harvested and fully inspected with the oviposition mapped according to the leaf position and their parts (basal, median and border) and upper and bellow leaf surfaces. Moth oviposition and egg parasitism were equally distributed across the plant leaves at the pre-head formation stage. At this stage, the basal part and the upper leaf surface were the preferred places for oviposition and egg parasitism, respectively. Cabbage plants at the post-head formation stage exhibited greater oviposition and egg parasitism in the inner leaf attached to the head. At this stage, the leaf border and the upper leaf surface were the preferred places for oviposition and egg parasitism, respectively. The infestation of P. xylostella on cabbage can be determined by egg counting at the pre- and post-head formation stages at the basal part of the leaves or at the border of the leaf attached to the head, respectively. And, in both plant stages parasitized eggs by T. pretiosum are more likely to be found at the upper leaf surface.
  • Response of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) to volatiles produced by strawberry plants in response to attack by Tetranychid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Tetranychidae) Biological Control

    Fadini, Marcos A M; Venzon, Madelaine; Oliveira, Hamilton; Pallini, Angelo; Vilela, Evaldo F

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The attack of phytophagous mites may induce plants to produce volatiles, which in turn may attract predators. The occurrence of multiple phytophagous infestations on plants may influence predator response. In this paper, we investigated whether the attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) to phytophagous-infested plants would change with the simultaneous presence of two tetranichid mites Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) and Tetranychus urticae Koch. While the former species is rarely found on strawberry plants and is only occasionally found in association with P. macropilis, the latter is commonly found on strawberry plants and is frequently found in association with P. macropilis. Y-tube olfactometer test assays demonstrated that the predator preferred plants infested with T. urticae, avoided plants infested with O. ilicis, and had no preference for plants infested with both phytophagous mite species. These results indicated that the presence of a non-prey species (O. ilicis) on a given plant can alter the response of the predator to one of its prey (T. urticae). The consequences of the predatory behavior determined in this study on the predator ability to control T. urticae population on strawberry plants are discussed.
  • Biologia de Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em cultivaresde couve-flor

    Chagas Filho, Norton R; Boiça Jr, Arlindo L; Alonso, Tania F

    Resumo em Inglês:

    This work was conducted to evaluate biological parameters of Plutella xylostella L. reared on leaves of several cauliflower genotypes under laboratory conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design and arranged in a 6 x 2 factorial (genotypes x generations). Leaf disks of the cultivars Barcelona, Verona, Piracicaba Precoce, Sharon, Silver Streak, and Teresópolis Gigante were placed in Petri dishes with 12 newly-hatched larvae. Leaf disks were initially changed after the fourth day, but daily afterwards until the larvae reached the pupal stage. The same procedure was adopted for the second generation. Twenty adults of each sex were separated from each genotype to evaluate their longevity, and 10 couples from each treatment were used to assess female fecundity. The lowest larval survival was obtained on the 'Silver Streak' (78.9%) and highest on 'Verona' (97.1%). The 'Silver Streak' and 'Teresópolis Gigante' showed the lowest pupal weights (4.83 mg and 5.11 mg, respectively), as well as the lowest fecundity, 119.4 and 123.0 eggs/female, respectively, while 'Piracicaba Precoce' the highest (167.7 eggs/female). Males obtained from larvae reared on 'Teresópolis Gigante' and 'Silver Streak' lived shorter (5.1 days), while the short-lived females were obtained from larvae reared on 'Barcelona' and 'Verona' (4.9 and 5.0 days). Insect development was prolonged in the second generation in all tested genotypes.
  • Seleção de genótipos resistentes de amendoinzeiro a Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) com base em análises multivariadas

    Pitta, Rafael M; Boiça Jr, Arlindo L; Jesus, Flávio G de; Tagliari, Sônia R A

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner attacks peanut leaves, and the use of resistant varieties has directly contributed to ecological and economic aspects of pest control. The aim of this work was to select resistant peanut genotypes to A. gemmatalis using cluster analyses (dendogram obtained by Ward's methods and K-means) and Principal Components analysis for data interpretation. The evaluated genotypes were: IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 and IAC Tatu ST with upright growth habit, and IAC 147, IAC 125, IAC Caiapó and IAC Runner 886 with runner growth habit, and soybean genotype BR 16 as a susceptible control. The biological parameters: leaf consumption, larval (4º instar) and pupal (24h old) weight, larval and pupal development time and adult longevity were evaluated at laboratory conditions. The genotypes IAC 147 and IAC Runner 886 were resistant to A. gemmatalis in both cluster tests, grouping apart from most of the other genotypes. Both dendrogram and K-means methods provided satisfactory biological explanation, and they can be complementary used together with Principal Component and vice-versa. These results suggest that cluster analyses may be an important statistical tool in the selection of host plant resistance.
  • Transmisión del tomato Venezuela virus por Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), en Maracaibo, Venezuela

    Romay, Gustavo; Geraud-Pouey, Francis; Chirinos, Dorys T; Morales, Francisco; Herrera, Emilio; Fernández, Carlos; Martínez, Ana K

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The biological transmission of Tomato Venezuela virus (ToVEV) by biotype B of the whitefly species Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) increased (21.7-95.0%), and the time for symptom expression decreased (16-12.6 days) as the number of viruliferous whiteflies allowed access for inoculation to susceptible tomato plants increased from 1 to 20 adults/plant. When acquired only as a nymph, adults of this biotype transmitted the virus to 88.3% of susceptible tomato plants, using 15 viruliferous individuals per test plant, corroborating the circulative nature of the transmission. Disease incidence further increased (up to 100%) when the individuals were allowed to feed again on a virusinfected plant as adults. Leaf area, plant height and dry matter were significantly affected in ToVEV infected tomato plants.
  • Produtividade de genótipos de soja sob infestação da lagarta-da-soja e de percevejos

    Lourenção, André L; Reco, Paulo C; Braga, Nelson R; Valle, Giuliana E do; Pinheiro, José B

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Three soybean experiments, one for each maturation group (early, semi-early, and medium), were installed in the field in Assis, State of São Paulo, during the 2003/2004 growing season to evaluate damage caused by Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubn.) and by the soybean stink bug complex, Euschistus heros (F.), Piezodorus guildinii (West.), and Nezara viridula (L.). The experiments were installed again in 2004/2005, with the exception of the early cycle group. Defoliation caused by A. gemmatalis was evaluated by the percentage estimate of leaf area cut in the first year only, due to low caterpillar infestations in 2004/2005. All three stink bug species were present in both growing seasons. In 2003/2004, E. heros was predominant over the other two; in the following year, all three species occurred in similar numbers. The productivity criterion was adopted to evaluate stink bug damage. Based on both growing seasons and mainly considering productivity, a few lines could be selected within each maturation group for new field studies or for hybridizations in breeding programs. Among the early germplasm varieties, lines IAC 98-4540, IAC 98-4576, and IAC 98-3123 can be highlighted as promising; the latter also showed little defoliation by A. gemmatalis; in the semi-early group, IAC 98-4017, IAC 98-2663, and IAC 98-4250 were prominent, with steady productivity in both years; in the medium group, IAC 98-4136, the most productive, as well as IAC 98-4140 and IAC 98-4133, all with little defoliation, can be pointed out as promising.
  • Physiological age and longevity of Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii Dyar Knab (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Southern Brazil Public Health

    Dalla Bona, Ana C; Navarro-Silva, Mário A

    Resumo em Inglês:

    We analyzed the reproductive status, ovarian development, daily survival rate, and length of the gonotrophic cycle in females of Anopheles ( Kerteszia ) cruzii Dyar & Knab, to determine how these factors influence the risk of malaria transmission in the coastal region of the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. In the Palmito State Forest, Paranaguá, females were captured at dawn and dusk by aspiration, bimonthly from December 2006 through March 2007. A total of 2,268 females were captured, of which 454 were dissected. Of these, 48% were parous, 50% not reproductive, 73% in Christopher and Mer stages I and II, 23% in stages III to V, 55% nulliparous, 14% uniparous, and 11% had blood in their midgut. Daily survival was 0.24 ± 0.03 overall, 0.51 ± 0.04 for females captured at dusk, and 0.25 ± 0.03 for those captured at dawn. The Davidson equation for calculation of the gonotrophic cycle was inadequate for An. cruzii populations. Females captured at dusk had a higher survival rate than those from dawn, which means that more females of the dusk population enter the parasite extrinsic cycle. The continuous activity and abundance of A. cruzii in the Palmito State Forest suggests that the conditions are very favorable for its development, with a potential for participation in the protozoan's transmission cycle.
  • Distribuição espacial e variação temporal da composição de espécies de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) em uma microbacia situada no norte do Paraná

    Santos, Rachel B dos; Lopes, José; Santos, Karen B dos

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In this work, the survey of simuliid species and the study of their spatial distribution in four streams of a small watershed situated in Londrina, Paraná State, were carried out from January to October 2007. Changes in the species composition of the breeding sites were also checked along the sampling months. Seventeen black fly species were found, being Simulium botulibranchium Lutz, Simulium travassosi d'Andretta & d'Andretta, Simulium anamariae Vulcano, Simulium brachycladum Lutz & Pinto and Simulium metallicum s. l. Bellardi new records for Paraná State. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the environmental variables most correlated to the species distribution among sample sites were water conductivity and those linked to physical dimensions of the breeding sites, like width, depth and water velocity. The matrix of faunistic similarity among collecting dates was negatively correlated to the time interval of sampling matrix for three of the water bodies studied, showing the existence of temporal changes in the species composition. According to Multiple Regression Analysis, temporal abundance variation of Simulium perflavum Roubaud, Simulium inaequale Paterson & Shannon and Simulium lutzianum s. l. Pinto was not linked to air temperature, photoperiod and rainfall, suggesting the influence of other factors, probably those directly associated to specific breeding site conditions. The results indicate that differences in physical and chemical characteristics among water bodies may affect the taxonomic composition of simuliids in this watershed.
  • Oviposition activity of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in responseto different organic infusions Public Health

    Santos, Eloína; Correia, Juliana; Muniz, Luciana; Meiado, Marcos; Albuquerque, Cleide

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The present study investigates new sources of infusion as an oviposition attractant for Aedes aegypti L. Infusions with fetid and non-fetid odors were compared as an oviposition stimulant. Traps baited with infusions of dehydrated cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale), potato peels (Solanum tuberosum) and graminea (Panicum maximum) were compared as attractants, and the effect of odor (fetid and unfetid) on attractiveness was tested. Oviposition activity changed significantly according to the concentration and type of infusion (F = 4.1279; gl = 2; P = 0.0231). A larger number of eggs were observed in cups containing 50% A. occidentale (non-fetid odor) and 30% P. maximum (fetid odor). When compared in the same cage, comparable oviposition was found between A. occidentale and P. maximum. Moreover, approximately 20% more eggs were recorded in the infusion without odor when compared to the grass infusion and water. These findings suggest A. occidentale as a new stimulant for use in ovitraps for Aedes surveillance and control, with the benefit of having an agreeable odor.
  • Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the province of Chaco, Argentina Scientific Notes

    Rosa, Juan R; Salomon, Oscar D; Andrade Filho, José D; Carvalho, Gustavo M L; Szelag, Enrique A; Stein, Marina; Tapia, Eliana S; Brazil, Reginaldo P

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The phlebotomine sandflies of the province of Chaco, Argentina, are poorly known, with reports from more than 40 years or captures related with outbreaks of leishmaniasis. In here, Mycropygomyia peresi (Mangabeira) is reported for the first time in Argentina, extending the known dstribution of Migonemyia migonei (França), Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho), Mycropygomyia quinquefer (Dyar), Brumptomyia brumpti (Larousse) y Nemapalpus spp to the province of Chaco. Mg. migonei, together with Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes), and Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar) also captured in Chaco, were incriminated as vectors of Leishmania in Argentina.
  • Parasitismo de percevejos-praga do maracujazeiro no Brasil por Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

    Baldin, Edson L L; Fujihara, Ricardo T; Boiça JR, Arlindo L; Almeida, Maria C de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    We describe the new association of Hexacladia smithii (Ashmead) parasitizing two passion fruit bugs, Holhymenia histrio (Fabricius) and Anisoscelis foliacea marginella (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), in Brazil.
  • Colonization of rice and Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae by genetically modified endophytic Methylobacterium mesophilicum Scientific Notes

    Rampelotti-Ferreira, Fátima T; Ferreira, Anderson; Vendramim, José D; Lacava, Paulo T; Azevedo, João L; Araújo, Welington L

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The colonization of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith larvae and rice seedlings by genetically modified endophytic bacterium Methylobacterium mesophilicum, and also the possible transfer of this bacterium to inside the larva's body during seedlings consumption were studied. The data obtained by bacterial reisolation and fluorescence microscopy showed that the bacterium colonized the rice seedlings, the larva's body and that the endophytic bacteria present in seedlings could be acquired by the larvae. In that way, the transference of endophytic bacterium from plants to insect can be a new and important strategy to insect control using engineered microorganisms.
  • Parasitismo de pupas de Argon lota Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) por Brachymeria pandora (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) no Rio Grande do Sul

    Salgado-Neto, Geraldo; Di Mare, Rocco A; Lopes-da-Silva, Marcelo

    Resumo em Inglês:

    This note reports the first record of parasitism of Argon lota Hewitson pupae by the facultative gregarious parasitoid Brachymeria pandora (Crawford). Up to six adults (three males and three females) of B. pandora were observed to emerge from a single A. lota pupa.
  • Name rectification and comparisons between Nephaspis cocois Gordon and Stethorus minutalus Gordon & Chapin (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Scientific Notes

    Almeida, Lúcia M; Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S

    Resumo em Inglês:

    This note has the purpose to rectify the identification of Stethorus minutalus Gordon & Chapin as a predator of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), for its correct name, Nephaspis cocois Gordon in a recent published paper. Similarities and differences between these two species are presented to avoid future misidentifications.
  • Errata

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