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Neotropical Entomology, Volume: 39, Número: 5, Publicado: 2010

  • Sobrevivência diferencial de pupas de Euselasia apisaon Dahman (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) em plantas de sub-bosque nos plantios de Eucalyptus de Belo Oriente, MG

    Sousa, Suelen M; Faria, Maurício L de; Latini, Anderson O

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Herbivorous insects may attack eucalyptus causing economic losses. One of these pests is the moth Euselasia apisaon Dahman, a key pest in the basin of middle Rio Doce. Here we studied the survival of pupae of this moth in Eucalypts and in understorey plants and tested the hypotheses: i) live pupae are more abundant in plants of the understorey than in eucalyptus, ii) there is no difference between the abundance of pupae in different plants of the understorey. We sampled three areas cultivated with eucalyptus in Belo Oriente, MG, and samples were taken in five plots each area, getting five branches of each plant and of five eucalyptus trees that bordered the plot. The proportion of live and dead pupae and the mortality rate were estimated. The abundance of live pupae was higher in the understorey and the mortality rate of pupae was the same among different families of plants of the understorey. It is possible the larger available leaf area of understorey plants justify the greater abundance of live pupae in this habitat, however, avoidance of feeding habitat to finish the life cycle is also a possible explanation. Mortality rate in plants of the understorey points to an equal pressure of natural enemies on the pupae. These appointments help us to understand the dynamics of pests in eucalyptus plantations, providing important information to support actions against pests in natural environments.

  • Factores que influyen en la distribución de nidos de la hormiga Argentina Linepithema humile Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), en un ecosistema precordillerano de la zona central de Chile

    Ipinza-Regla, J; Castro, L; Eissemann, R; Morales, M A

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the dependant relationship between the Argentine ant Linepithema humile Mayr, plant coverage, and human settlements. A method was designed in order to sample the presence of the Argentine ant and other ant species that may had influenced L. humile distribution, under different types of vegetation and percentages of plant coverage, taking in consideration the distance from human settlements. Eight sample stations were established. Four of these stations were found on a dwelling home and the other four were found on similar areas, but far from human settlements. Three transects were established from the center of each sampling station (Tt1, shrublike vegetation, Tt2, herblike vegetation and Tt3, no vegetation). Transects were compound by 10 m side quadrants. A negative correlation was found between nest number of L. humile and human settlement distance, therefore nests were not found at distances higher than 80 m, in all studied areas. There was a positive and significant correlation between nest number of L. humile and plant coverage percentage, regardless the type of vegetation found. The same trend was found for other ant species studied in the area. Finally, it was proved that the distribution of L. humile nests is not influenced by other ant species.

  • Age polyethism in Plebeia emerina (Friese) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies related to propolis handling Ecology, Behavior And Bionomics

    Santos, Camila G dos; Blochtein, Betina; Megiolaro, Fernanda L; Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera L

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Stingless bees collect plant resins and make it into propolis, although they have a wider range of use for this material than do honey bees (Apis spp.). Plebeia spp. workers employ propolis mixed with wax (cerumen) for constructing and sealing nest structures, while they use viscous (sticky) propolis for defense by applying it onto their enemies. Isolated viscous propolis deposits are permanently maintained at the interior of their colonies, as also seen in other Meliponini species. Newly-emerged Plebeia emerina (Friese) workers were observed stuck to and unable to escape these viscous propolis stores. We examined the division of labor involved in propolis manipulation, by observing marked bees of known age in four colonies of P. emerina from southern Brazil. Activities on brood combs, the nest involucrum and food pots were observed from the first day of life of the marked bees. However, work on viscous propolis deposits did not begin until the 13th day of age and continued until the 56th day (maximum lifespan in our sample). Although worker bees begin to manipulate cerumen early, they seem to be unable to handle viscous propolis till they become older.

  • Rate of soil egestion by larvae of Hylamorpha elegans (Burm.) and Phytoloema hermanni Germ. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Ecology, Behavior And Bionomics

    Millas, Paz; Carrillo, Roberto

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Larvae of Hylamorpha elegans (Burm.) and Phytoloema herrmanni Germ. feed on roots, although many Scarabaeidae species are able to feed and survive on soil without living roots. In this study we evaluated the potential of H. elegans and P. herrmanni to ingest soil by estimating the rate of soil egestion. In the laboratory, the rate of soil egestion was determined from gut content and gut transit time of 3rd-instar larvae feeding on soil without roots. The soil egestion rate was 14-21 mg g-1 d-1 for H. elegans and 11-16 mg g-1 d-1 for P. herrmanni. The gut transit time (time of soil passage from mouth to anus) was 2-3 d for both species and the gut content was 41 ± 2 mg g-1 for H. elegans and 32 ± 2 mg g-1 for P. herrmanni. The quantitative importance of feeding activity on soil depends upon the population density of larvae in the field, which ranges from 1 to 25 larvae m-2, but in severe outbreaks can reach 300 larvae m-2. High population densities could result in soil egestion rates reaching 20 kg d-1 ha-1 for P. herrmanni and 30 kg d-1 ha-1 for H. elegans.

  • Distribuição espacial de Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) na cultura da seringueira

    Martins, Gustavo L M; Vieira, Marineide R; Barbosa, José C; Dini, Thiago A; Manzano, Anderson M; Alves, Bruno M S; Silva, Rodolfo M

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution of Tenuipalpus heveae Baker in rubber tree plantations. The experimental area was located in Marinópolis, State of São Paulo, and corresponded to a total of 1,000 plants (clone RRIM 600) divided in 100 plots of ten plants each. A total of 16 samplings were conducted, approximately once every 10 days, between December 2007 and June 2008. On each date, samples were taken from two plants per plot, each sample corresponding to the top 30 cm of a branch randomly taken from the median region of the canopy of each plant. The number of T. heveae was evaluated on three leaflets randomly taken from each sample, using a 20x power pocket magnifying glass. The number of mites was evaluated in two areas of 1 cm² delimited on the lower surface of each leaflet, being one along the midrib and the other along a lateral vein. The calculated dispersion indexes were: variance/mean relationship (I), index of Morisita (I´), coefficient of Green (Cx) and k exponent of negative binomial distribution. Tenuipalpus heveae showed aggregate distribution. The negative binomial distribution model was the most appropriate to represent the spatial distribution of the mite in the rubber tree plantation.

  • Qualidade de diferentes espécies de pulgões como hospedeiros do parasitóide Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

    Sidney, Lívia A; Bueno, Vanda H P; Lins Jr, Juracy C; Silva, Diego B; Sampaio, Marcus V

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The suitability of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) and Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as hosts for the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday was evaluated by assessing host size, host preference, and host quality. Tests were carried out in an environmental chamber at 22 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH and 12h photophase. Replicates (11) consisted of one 24h-old mated female of A. ervi without a previous oviposition experience. Female was released into a Petri dish (5 cm) with 20 2nd and 3rd instars of one of each aphid species tested on a leaf disc of the host plant onto a 1% water-agar layer. Parasitoid emergency was lower in A. kondoi (78.7%) compared to M. euphorbiae (92.2%) and A. solani (91.7%). Acyrthosiphon kondoi (0.36 mm) was the smallest host. The parasitoid showed preference (74.0% parasitism) for M. euphorbiae, the largest host (hind tibia length = 0.73 mm), which in turn yielded larger A. ervi females (0.75 mm).

  • Comparative reproductive biology of the social parasite Acromyrmex ameliae de Souza, Soares & Della Lucia and of its host Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Ecology, Behavior And Bionomics

    Soares, Ilka M F; Della Lucia, Terezinha M C; Pereira, Alice S; Serrão, José E; Ribeiro, Myriam M R; Souza, Danival J de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Social parasites exhibit several characteristics that allow them to exploit their host species efficiently. The smaller size of parasite species is a trait commonly found in ants. In this work, we investigated several aspects of the reproductive biology of Acromyrmex ameliae De Souza, Soares & Della Lucia, a recently discovered parasite of Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus Forel. Sexuals of A. ameliae are substantially smaller than those from host species. Parasite queens laid significantly less worker eggs than host queens and inhibit sexual production of the host. The sex ratio of parasite species is highly female biased. Interestingly, we have observed parasite coupling on the laboratory, inside the nests and in the ground, opening the possibility to use controlled mating to study genetic approaches of parasitism in the ants.

  • A metallic impregnation technique adapted to study the honeybee Apis mellifera L. brain Systematics, Morphology And Physiology

    Calábria, Luciana K; Teixeira, Renata R; Moraes, Viviane R A; Santos, Ana Alice D; Espindola, Foued S

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In order to visualize the distribution pattern of the neuronal bodies and neurofibrils in the honeybee brain, we adapted a metallic impregnation technique first described for vertebrate nervous system by Ramón y Cajal. The honeybee brain constitution plays a key role in the development of learning and memory capacities. The general characteristics observed in the honeybee brain, stained by metallic impregnation, revealed its anatomical and morphological constitution in agreement with studies of other insect brains using different techniques. Metallic impregnation evidenced the optic lobe neuropils, the ocelli fiber cells, the neuron extensions of the calyces, and the axon bundles that involve the antennal glomeruli, as well as the neuron extensions in the alpha lobe. We also observed that the antennal glomeruli were mainly formed by fibers. The optical lobes were impregnated distinctly in the monopolar neuron bodies and in the fibers. In the mushroom bodies, we observed the lip, collar and calyx basal areas. Based on our results, the metallic impregnation technique is effective to visualize neuronal bodies and neurofibrils; moreover, is simpler and faster than other techniques, offering new insights for the investigation of the invertebrate nervous system.

  • Espécies de Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) do Sul da Bahia, com descrição de uma nova espécie de Paracloeodes day

    Lima, Lucas R C; Salles, Frederico F; Pinheiro, Ulisses S; Quinto, Edilane

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Based on collections in five municipalities from southern Bahia, a new species, Paracloeodes quadridentatus sp. n., is described from Brazil. It can be distinguished, among other characteristics, by the presence of three, often four, well developed denticles on the tarsal claws, a characteristic that has never been found in other species of the genus. Besides the description of the new species, the following 14 taxa of Baetidae are recorded for the first time from the State of Bahia: Americabaetis alphus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Americabaetis labiosus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Aturbina georgei Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Baetodes sp., Callibaetis sp., Camelobaetidius francischettii Salles Andrade & Da-Silva, Camelobaetidius lassance Salles & Serrão, Camelobaetidius sp. 1, Camelobaetidius sp. 2, Cloeodes cf. opacus Nieto & Richard, Cryptonympha dasilvai Salles & Francischetti, Spiritiops silvudus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Waltzoyphius fasciatus McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz e Zelusia principalis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty. As this is the first survey of Baetidae from Bahia, and it was restricted to the southern part of the state, sampling efforts in other areas are extremely required and should increase considerably the number of species, or even genera, reported from the state.

  • Variations in the gonostyle of Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae) Systematics, Morphology And Physiology

    Pinto, Israel S; Santos, Claudiney B; Ferreira, Adelson L; Falqueto, Aloísio

    Resumo em Inglês:

    This paper describes sand flies similar to Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) with variations in the number of spines at the gonostyle and tests the hypothesis whether these specimens belong or not to N. intermedia species. Using Principal Component Analysis and Neighbour Joining, the measurements of 15 structures of the phlebotomine with variations in number of spines were compared with measurements of 30 sand flies of N. intermedia species. Both analyses didn't cluster the specimens with variation in spines number in one group and provided evidence to the hypothesis that those sand flies belong to N. intermedia.

  • Larva de último instar y pupa de Melipotis cellaris (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

    Vargas, Héctor A

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The last instar larva and pupa of Melipotis cellaris (Guenée) are described and illustrated, based on specimens collected in northern Chile, associated with Acacia macracantha (Fabaceae).

  • Carvalho Filho, Fernando S; Esposito, Maria C

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The subfamily Chloropinae comprises about 442 described species, with only one species recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. The genus Bricelochlorops Paganelli was represented by a unique species from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species Urubambina rufa (Duda) is the only species of the genus Urubambina Paganelli and has been recorded only from Peru. A new species of Bricelochlorops, B. celutae sp. nov., is described here and Urubambina rufa is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Both species were collected in the state of Acre. A key to species of Bricelochlorops is provided.

  • Larva of Seticeros aquilus (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Callipogonini) Systematics, Morphology And Physiology

    Casari, Sônia A; Santos-Silva, Antonio

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The larva of Seticeros aquilus (Thomson), collected in Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) in Colombia, is described and illustrated. Biological notes and a comparison with the larva of Chorenta reticulata described by Duffy (1960) and with the descriptions of the other South American Callipogonini species are presented.

  • Notes on the identity of Halictus glabrescens Cockerell and description of a new species of Halictillus Moure (Hymenoptera, Apidae s.l., Halictinae) Systematics, Morphology And Physiology

    Gonçalves, Rodrigo B

    Resumo em Inglês:

    A lectotype is newly designated for Halictus glabriventris Friese (a homonym and replaced by H. glabrescens Cockerell) and the name transferred from Halictillus (Augochlorini) to Dialictus (Halictini), where it is a junior synonym of Dialictus spinolae (Reed). This placement resolves a long standing confusion involving the association of this name with a nest description from the beginning of the last century. In addition, a new species of Halictillus from Chile is described and figured.

  • Costa, Juliana R V da; Rossi, Juliana R; Marucci, Suzana C; Alves, Eliane C da C; Volpe, Haroldo X L; Ferraudo, Antonio S; Lemos, Manoel V F; Desidério, Janete A

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Aedes aegypti (L.), the main vector of dengue fever in Brazil, has been controlled with the use of massive chemical products, contributing to the development of resistance and decreasing the insect control efficiency. The control of dipterans with bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis has been satisfactory, due to the production of insecticidal proteins denominated Cry (crystal), Cyt (cytolytic) toxins and Chi (chitinase), and to the synergistic effects among them. The present work aimed to select B. thuringiensis isolates efficient against A. aegypti larvae. A bacterial collection containing 1,073 isolates of B. thuringiensis, obtained from different locations of Brazilian territory, had the DNA isolated and submitted to PCR amplifications using specific primers for cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry11Aa, cry11Ba, cyt1Aa, cyt1Ab, cyt2Aa and chi genes. For the LC50 and LC90 determination, the entomopathogenic isolates were evaluated by selective and quantitative bioassays. Only 45 isolates (4.2%) presented amplicons for the cry and cyt genes. The chi gene sequence was detected in 25 (54.3%) of those isolates. From the 45 isolates submitted to the selective bioassays, 13 caused 100% mortality of A. aegypti larvae. The identification of cry, cyt and chi genes of B. thuringiensis and the toxicity analysis on A. aegypti led to the selection of a set of isolates that have the potential to be used in the formulation of new bioinsecticides.

  • Characterization of an Argentine isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis similar to the HD-1 strain Biological Control

    Sauka, Diego H; Basurto-Ríos, Regina E; Ibarra, Jorge E; Benintende, Graciela B

    Resumo em Inglês:

    We report the characterization of an Argentine isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis (INTA TA24-6) similar to the HD-1 strain, which harbors a cryptic cry2Ab gene that apparently is transcribed but not translated into a protein. INTA TA24-6 showed a Rep-PCR pattern identical to the HD-1 strain, a plasmid pattern that resembled that of this strain and cry1 and cry2 genes as HD-1. Screening of cry1 and cry2 genes showed that INTA TA24-6 harbors only cry1Ac and cry2Ab genes. Furthermore, crystalline inclusions of INTA TA24-6 exhibit a bipyramidal shape, typical of Lepidoptera-active B. thuringiensis strains, containing a major protein of ca. 130 kDa toxic to Epinotia aporema Wals. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae. Neither the flat-square to cuboidal crystal nor a ca. 65 kDa protein typical of strains expressing Cry2 proteins were detected in INTA TA24-6. In agreement with this information, parasporal crystals of INTA TA24-6 did not show toxicity to Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae. Gene transcription analyses suggested that the cry2A gene might be cryptic in INTA TA24-6 despite its transcription at different sporulation stages.

  • Do different casein concentrations increase the adverse effect of rutin on the biology of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)? Pest Management

    Salvador, Mariana C; Boiça Jr, Arlindo L; Oliveira, Maria C N De; Graça, José P Da; Silva, Débora M Da; Hoffmann-Campo, Clara B

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The flavonoid rutin is recognized as playing an important role in the protection of plants against lepidopterans. Bioassays with this compound are generally carried out using artificial diets. Proteins of high energy value, such as casein, are important ingredients of insect artificial diets as a source of essential amino acids. However, such proteins can generally increase the allelochemical activity. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of rutin on larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner by incorporating this allelochemical into diets with different concentrations of casein. Three casein concentrations (0, 7 g, or 14 g) combined with none, 0.65%, or 1.30% of rutin were added to the rearing diet and offered to the larvae from hatching to pupation. Rutin negatively affected larval development, the amount of food consumed, and pupal weight of A. gemmatalis. These negative effects were clearly seen in insects fed on diets with 7 g of casein to which any concentration of rutin was added. The effects of rutin when added to the diets without casein were stronger than in diets containing a suitable amount of casein (14 g). The greater negative effects of rutin in diets containing suboptimal concentrations of casein indicate that casein can increase the effects of rutin only when the diets are nutritionally unsuitable for insect development.

  • Efeito de genótipos de tomateiro e de extratos aquosos de folhas de Melia azedarach e de sementes de Azadirachta indica sobre Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

    Brunherotto, Rogério; Vendramim, José D; Oriani, Maria A de G

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Insecticide plants are an important tool among the new alternatives for pest control in IPM systems because they reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, preserving human health and the environment. We investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of Melia azedarach leaves and Azadirachta indica seeds and three tomato genotypes, 'Santa Clara', 'IPA-5' - Solanum lycopersicum (= Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), and LA444-1 - S. peruvianum (= L. peruvianum), on the development, reproduction and longevity of the tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), under laboratory conditions. The trials were set up in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments [three genotypes x two extracts (M. azedarach and A. indica) and control]. The replication consisted on five tubes, each with three newly hatched larvae, totalizing 90 individuals per treatment. The larvae were fed with tomato leaves treated with aqueous extracts at 0.1% concentration or distilled water (control) and daily observed until adults' emergence. Larval and pupal development and mortality, pupal weight, longevity and fecundity were evaluated. The accession LA444-1 negatively affected the development and reproduction of T. absoluta; the tomato pinworm had similar development and reproduction on 'IPA-5' and 'Santa Clara' (the susceptible control). The association of resistant tomato genotypes and extracts of M. azedarach leaves and neem seeds did not result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on T. absoluta.

  • Resistance of tomato genotypes to the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Pest Management

    Lucatti, Alejandro F; Alvarez, Adriana E; Machado, Cristina R; Gilardón, Elsa

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, is the most common and abundant whitefly in Argentine horticultural greenhouse crops, especially in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Resistance in some wild tomato relatives, such as S. peruvianum, S. habrochaites and S. pennellii to the greenhouse whitefly has been described. The Mi gene confers effective resistance against several species of insects, among them the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Resistance to T. vaporariorum was found in the prebreeding line FCN 93-6-2, derived from a cross between S. lycopersicum cultivar Uco Plata INTA (MiMi) and the wild line FCN 3-5 S. habrochaites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resistance to T. vaporariorum in tomato genotypes and to study the relationship between this resistance and the presence of the REX-1 marker, which is linked to the Mi gene. In a free-choice assay, the average number of adults per leaf and the number of immatures on the middle and basal plant parts were analyzed. In a no-choice assay, the oviposition rate and adult survival rate were calculated. For all variables analyzed, FCN 3-5 was the most resistant strain. Variations were found in the F2 progeny between the prebreeding line FCN 13-1-6-1 and cv. Uco Plata INTA. Results from the F2 progeny indicate that resistance to T. vaporariorum may be polygenic with transgressive segregation. Whitefly resistance was found to be independent of the REX-1 marker.

  • Vectorial capacity of Triatoma guasayana (Wygodzinsky & Abalos) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) compared with two other species of epidemic importance Public Health

    Loza-Murguía, Manuel; Noireau, François

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Triatoma guasayana (Wygodzinsky & Abalos) is a peridomestic triatomine with epidemiological importance in Bolivia, that may play an important role in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas). In this study, two parameters of vectorial capacity were evaluated: the interval of feeding-defecation time and metacyclogenesis, in adult males and females and nymphal instars II to V of T. guasayana with comparisons with Triatoma infestans (Klug) and T. sordida (Stal). The results showed a close relationship between ingestion of blood and beginning of defecation. Values were negative in T. infestans, and T. sordida for instars II, III, IV, and V and also males and females but were positive in female T. sordida. Triatoma guasayana showed only negative values for instar II. Adults and nymphs began defecation as soon as they had finished feeding and required an average of 29.8 min. The analysis of metacyclogenesis showed that T. guasayana was superior to T. infestans and T. sordida. However, the vectorial effectiveness of T. guasayana was significantly affected regarding the percentage of metacyclic trypomastigotes during instars III to V and showed a progressive increase. Females had higher proportions despite their ingestion being half that of T. infestans. The different instars of T. guasayana had a higher parasitic load than those of T. sordida and, although ingestion was 1/3 of that of female T. infestans, there was a progressive increase in metacyclic trypomastigotes in the different nymphal stages of T. guasayana that decreased in adults.

  • Riesgo de transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi en el municipio de Metztitlán, estado de Hidalgo, México, mediante la caracterización de unidades domiciliares y sus índices entomológicos

    Becerril, Marco A; Angeles-Pérez, Vidal; Noguez-García, Julio Cr; Imbert-Palafox, José L

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In order to determine the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi by triatomines in Metztitlan municipality, Hidalgo State, Mexico, entomological indexes were calculated and the characteristics of dwellings were described. A transversal, retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was performed by means of an intentional not probabilistic and expertise sampling from January to December of 2005 in 10 localities in which presence of triatomines were investigated either intra or peridomestic environmental in 699 houses. Building material and presence of infected triatomines with T. cruzi were registered to determine entomologic indexes. The triatomine species collected were: Triatoma barberi (Usinger) and T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). The results indicated that natural infection index varied from 7.7% to 50%; colonization index reached 80%; infestation index varied from 7.7% to 25%; dispersion index was 70%. Stone-walled houses were more infested. We can conclude that it is necessary to establish T. cruzi transmission control measures against triatomines in localities from Metztitlan, primarily in stone-walled houses where T. barberi occurs, as it was the most important vector species in the transmission of T. cruzi in this municipality.

  • Ectoparasite occurrence associated with males and females of wild rodents Oligoryzomys flavescens (Waterhouse) and Akodon azarae (Fischer) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in the Punta Lara wetlands, Argentina Public Health

    Lareschi, Marcela

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The objective of this research was to study infestation parameters and indexes of ectoparasites associated with each sex of the wild rodents Oligoryzomys flavescens (Waterhouse) andAkodon azarae (Fischer) in the Punta Lara wetlands, Argentina. A trend towards higher mean abundance (MA) and ectoparasite specific richness was observed in males of O. flavescens whereas those values were similar for both A. azarae sexes. The prevalence of the following ectoparasites was significantly higher on males (P < 0.05): Mysolaelaps microspinosus Fonseca (65.2%) and Hoplopleura travassosi Werneck (73.9%) on O. flavescens, and Ixodes loricatus Neumann (71.4%) on A. azarae. Only H. travassosi mean abundance was significantly higher on males (MA = 44.1). Since I. loricatus and Hoplopleura spp. are involved in the transmission of pathogens that cause diseases in animals and humans, and whose reservoirs are rodent hosts, these results are epidemiologically important.

  • Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from yellow armadillo, Euphractus sexcinctus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae), in Brazil's Pantanal wetlands Scientific Notes

    Medri, Ísis M; Martins, João R; Doyle, Rovaina L; Mourão, Guilherme; Marinho-Filho, Jader

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Tick species parasitizing yellow armadillo, Euphractus sexcinctus, were recorded from October 2006 to October 2007 in Pantanal. A total of 89 ticks were collected from 23 yellow armadillos. Most ticks (n = 50) were identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (32 males and 18 females). The only other species found was Amblyomma parvum (Aragão) (three females and two males). The remaining ticks were immatures of Amblyomma (29 nymphs and five larvae). The prevalence of A. cajennense was 55%, the mean intensity was 2.7 ± 0.5 (SE) (n = 17) and the mean abundance was 1.5 ± 0.4 (n = 31).

  • Nest thermoregulation in Polybia scutellaris (White) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Scientific Notes

    Hozumi, Satoshi; Mateus, Sidnei; Kudô, Kazuyuki; Kuwahara, Takaaki; Yamane, Sôichi; Zucchi, Ronaldo

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Polybia scutellaris (White) builds large nests characterized by numerous spiny projections on the surface. In order to determine whether or not the nest temperature is maintained because of homeothermic conditions of the nest individuals or otherwise, we investigated the thermal conditions within the nests built by P. scutellaris. We measured the temperature within active and abandoned nests. The temperature in the active nest was almost stable at 27°C during data collection, whereas the temperature in the abandoned nest varied with changes in ambient temperature. These results suggest that nest temperature was maintained by the thermogenesis of the individuals of the colony. This is the first report of nest incubation caused by thermogenesis of species of Polybia wasps.

  • First record of Hesperolabops nigriceps Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Opuntia ficus-indica in Milpa Alta, Mexico City Scientific Notes

    Palomares-Pérez, Martín; Rodríguez-Leyva, Esteban; Brailovsky, Harry; Ramírez-Alarcón, Samuel

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In recent years a species of Hesperolabops has become a problem as a pest of nopalitos, Opuntia ficus-indica, in Milpa Alta, in the south of Mexico City, which is the most important production region of this vegetable in the country. A survey of Hesperolabops in Milpa Alta has resulted in the first report of Hesperolabops nigriceps Reuter. This occurrence should be monitored and considered in future studies in order to avoid misidentification of Hesperolabops spp. Kirkaldy native populations there, and to avoid the confusion of the damage that may be caused on O. ficus-indica.

  • Santoro, Patricia H; Neves, Pedro M O J; Alexandre, Talita M; Gavaguchi, Silvia A; Alves, Luis F A

    Resumo em Inglês:

    We first record Carcinops troglodytes (Paykull) as a predator of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) larvae in poultry houses in North and Northwest regions of the state of Paraná. Carcinops spp. are commonly recorded as predators of dipterans, and this record in poultry houses indicates the possibility of exploiting such predator for future studies aiming the development of management strategies for A. diaperinus.

  • Primeiro registro de Lutzomyia araracuarensis (Morales & Minter) (Diptera: Psychodidae) no Brasil

    Silva, Dílvia F da; Freitas, Rui A de; Franco, Antonia M R

    Resumo em Inglês:

    A male of Lutzomyia araracuarensis (Morales & Minter) and possibly six females of this same species were found in the northeastern area of Manacapuru county, Amazonas State. Samples were collected using light traps CDC, from April 2003 to June 2004.

  • New records of natural enemies of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Pernambuco, Brazil Scientific Notes

    Silva-Torres, Christian S A; Pontes, Itillio V A F; Torres, Jorge B; Barros, Reginaldo

    Resumo em Inglês:

    We report the occurrence of natural enemies of Plutella xylostela (L.) in organically farmed kale in Pernambuco, Brazil. Seven natural enemies were observed parasitizing or preying on larvae and pupae of P. xylostella - three parasitoids: Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hym.: Braconidae), Conura pseudofulvovariegata (Becker) (Hym.: Chalcididae) and Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hym.: Eulophidae), and four predators: Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) (Araneae: Miturgidae), Pheidole sp.Westwood (Hym.: Formicidae), nymphs and adults of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hem.: Pentatomidae), and one unidentified species of solitary wasp. Beyond recording these natural enemies, data on predation of P. xylostella larvae in the field and laboratory by C. inclusum are presented.
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