Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The paper presents experiments involving punching of RC slabs strengthened using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet and textile reinforced mortar (TRM). Twelve RC slab specimens of two concrete grades (39.9 and 63.2 MPa) and employing two strengthening schemes (CFRP and TRM) were tested. Specimens were supported on two opposite edges. Experimental load-displacement variations show two peak loads in strengthened slabs and one peak followed by a plateau in control. Second peak or the plateau corresponds to the combined action of aggregate interlock and the dowel action of back face rebars and strengthening layers. The dowel action of back face rebars and strengthening layers had no role in ultimate punching load (i.e. first peak). Strengthened slabs showed 9-18% increase in ultimate punching load (i.e. first peak) whereas there was significant increase in the second peak load (190-276% for CFRP; 55-136% for TRM) and energy absorption (~66% for CFRP and 22-56% for TRM). An analytical model was also developed for predicting the punching shear strength (first and second peaks) of strengthened slabs showing good comparison with experiments.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The understanding of phenomena, no matter their nature is based on the experimental results found. In the most cases, this requires an important number of tests in order to put a reliable and useful observation served into solving the technical problems subsequently. This paper is based on independent and variables combination resulting from experimentation in a mathematical formulation. Indeed, mathematical modeling gives us the advantage to optimize and predict the right choices without passing each case by the experiment. In this work we plan to apply the experimental design method on the experimental results found by (Deokar, A, 2011), concerning the effect of the size and position of a crack on the measured frequency of a beam console, and validating the mathematical model to predict other frequencies

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This research develops nonlinear electromechanical stability of a circular functionally graded plate integrated with functionally graded piezoelectric layers under compressive radial force. Geometric nonlinearity is considered in the strain-displacement relation using Von-Karman relation. The structure is loaded under mechanical and electrical loads. Distribution of electric potential is considered along the radial and thickness direction. The top and bottom of both piezoelectric layers is short-circuited. The effect of various values of non homogenous index for both functionally graded (FG) and functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) layers can be considered on the responses of the system. Furthermore, a comprehensive study for evaluation of geometric parameters can be performed on the critical loads of the structure.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract At the nano scale, the effect of surface stress becomes prominent as well as the so-called small scale effect. Furthermore due to difficulties in making accurate measurements at nano-scale as well as due to due to molecular defects and manufacturing tolerances, there exists a certain degree of uncertainty in the determination of the material properties of nano structures This, in turn, introduces some degree of uncertainty in the computation of the mechanical response of the nano-scale components. In the present study a convex model is employed to take surface tension, small scale parameter and the elastic constants as uncertain-but-bounded quantities in the buckling analysis of rectangular nanoplates. The objective is to determine the lowest buckling load for a given level of uncertainty to obtain a conservative estimate by taking the worst-case variations of material properties. Moreover the sensitivity of the buckling load to material uncertainties is also investigated.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The analysis of cracked brittle mechanical components considering linear elastic fracture mechanics is usually reduced to the evaluation of stress intensity factors (SIFs). The SIF calculation can be carried out experimentally, theoretically or numerically. Each methodology has its own advantages but the use of numerical methods has become very popular. Several schemes for numerical SIF calculations have been developed, the J-integral method being one of the most widely used because of its energy-like formulation. Additionally, some variations of the J-integral method, such as displacement-based methods, are also becoming popular due to their simplicity. In this work, a simple displacement-based scheme is proposed to calculate SIFs, and its performance is compared with contour integrals. These schemes are all implemented with the Boundary Element Method (BEM) in order to exploit its advantages in crack growth modelling. Some simple examples are solved with the BEM and the calculated SIF values are compared against available solutions, showing good agreement between the different schemes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Ultimate compressive strength of welded stiffened aluminium plates under combined biaxial in-plane compression and different levels of lateral pressure is assessed herein. A numerical database of the ultimate strengths for stiffened aluminium plates is generated at first. Then, regression analysis is applied in order to derive the empirical formulations as functions of two parameters, namely the plate slenderness ratio and the column (stiffener) slenderness ratio. The formulae implicitly include the effects of initial imperfections and heat affected zone.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract A cultural algorithm was utilized in this study to solve optimal design of truss structures problem achieving minimum weight objective under stress and deflection constraints. The algorithm is inspired by principles of human social evolution. It simulates the social interaction between the peoples and their beliefs in a belief space. Cultural Algorithm (CA) utilizes the belief space and population space which affects each other based on acceptance and influence functions. The belief space of CA consists of different knowledge components. In this paper, only situational and normative knowledge components are used within the belief space. The performance of the method is demonstrated through four benchmark design examples. Comparison of the obtained results with those of some previous studies demonstrates the efficiency of this algorithm.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Today, double curvature shell panels are the main parts of each design because their geometrical characteristics provide high strength to weight ratio, aerodynamic form and beauty for the structures such as boats, submarines, automobiles and buildings. Also, functionally graded materials which present multiple properties such as high mechanical and heat resistant, simultaneously, have attracted designers. So, as the first step of any dynamic analysis, this paper concentrates on presenting a high precision and reliable method for free vibration analysis of functionally graded doubly curved shell panels. To this end, panel is modeled based on third order shear deformation theory and both of the Donnell and Sanders strain-displacement relations. A new set of potential functions and auxiliary variables are proposed to present an exact Levy-type close-form solution for vibrating FG panel. The validity and accuracy of present method are confirmed by comparing results with literature and finite element method. Also, effect of various parameters on natural frequencies are studied which are helpful for designers.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In this paper, continuous and discontinuous cases of a contact problem for two elastic layers supported by a Winkler foundation are analyzed using both analytical method and finite element method. In the analyses, it is assumed that all surfaces are frictionless, and only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the contact areas. Moreover, body forces are taken into consideration only for layers. Firstly, the problem is solved analytically using theory of elasticity and integral transform techniques. Then, the finite element analysis of the problem is carried out using ANSYS software program. Initial separation distances between layers for continuous contact case and the size of the separation areas for discontinuous contact case are obtained for various dimensionless quantities using both solutions. In addition, the normalized contact pressure distributions are calculated for both cases. The analytical results are verified by comparison with finite element results. Finally, conclusions are presented.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Kolsky compression bar experiments were conducted to characterize the shock mitigation response of a polymethylene diisocyanate (PMDI) based rigid polyurethane foam, abbreviated as PMDI foam in this study. The Kolsky bar experimental data was analyzed in the frequency domain with respect to impact energy dissipation and acceleration attenuation to perform a shock mitigation assessment on the foam material. The PMDI foam material exhibits excellent performance in both energy dissipation and acceleration attenuation, particularly for the impact frequency content over 1.5 kHz. This frequency (1.5 kHz) was observed to be independent of specimen thickness and impact speed, which may represent the characteristic shock mitigation frequency of the PMDI foam material under investigation. The shock mitigation characteristics of the PMDI foam material were insignificantly influenced by the specimen thickness. However, impact speed did have some effect.