Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the basal area, through traditional sampling processes and geostatistical interpolation, and compare it to the forest census carried out in 25 ha of a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest remnant. The sampling simulations were structured for the systematic sampling, two stages, and simple random, in intensities 5, 11, and 22% of the potential sample units of 25 × 25 m. The increase in sample intensity for the systematic sampling and two stages revealed a higher level of spatial behavior details of the basal area, whereas when comparing the census with sampling, it was observed that the geostatistical interpolation shows ability to improve the accuracy of the basal area estimation.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT A water deficit in the soil can cause water stress in plants, triggering morphological and physiological changes. The aim of this work was evaluate the ecophysiological development of moringa seedlings under controlled water restriction. The experimental design was completely randomized at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity and six replicates. The photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit, internal carbon concentration, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll and stem diameter, height, and number of leaves were measured at 9 a.m. during 21 days of restriction. The treatments differed for photosynthetic parameters. Moringa seedlings reduce gas exchange to adapt to water restrictions until 40% of field capacity. The alterations promoted by water restriction did not negatively affected plant development.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The Atlantic Subtropical Rainforest covers a huge area of Santa Catarina state, starting on the coast and going through the Serra Geral. Along its distribution, the vegetation changes according to altitude, geomorphology, and soil. In the attempt to evaluate vegetation variations related to different soil types in an Atlantic Forest remnant, 43 plots of 200 m2 were sampled. All the individuals with DBH ≥ 5.0 cm were measured. We have found consistent floristic and structural variations, which separated sample plots with Litholic Neosol and Rogosol situated in slopes from those with Yellow-Red Ultisol and Haplic Cambisol, as well as plots with Fluvic Neosol from Haplic Gleisol in plateaus. Species richness increased according to water availability and soil depth, with the plateaus’ soils being the richest. Each area was characterized by a range of indicator species and the results indicated that soil attributes are important drivers of vegetation variation.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the postural discomfort and health risks of workers in manual forest plantation operations of a company located in the region of Campos Gerais, Paraná State. Data was collected through interviews, using the postural diagram proposed by Corlett, in a sample of 226 workers from manual planting, fertilization and herbicide application operations. The results indicated that manual planting operations caused greater postural discomfort in the legs of 56% of workers, while the fertilization and herbicide application caused discomfort in the shoulders of 41% and 56% of workers, respectively. The perception of postural discomfort during work is important to assist managers in adopting ergonomic measures for improving the safety and health of workers.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Senna pendula seeds dormancy is caused by impermeability of the seed coat to water. In order to determine the best methodology to overcome dormancy and to perform a morphological characterization, two batches of seeds were submitted to the following treatments: a) mechanical scarification of the seed coat; b) immersion in hot water at 70 °C for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes; c) immersion in hot water at 90 °C for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes; d) sulfuric acid concentrate for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes; e) no treatment. The experiment was conducted in laboratory using a completely randomized design, with four replications of 25 seeds each, with daily verification for 7 days. The results showed that the use of water does not overcome the dormancy, however mechanical and chemical scarifications were the most effective treatments, with germination percentage of up to 94%.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The litter in tropical ecosystems is one of the compartments responsible for the transference of nutrients to the soil, having great importance for the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the contribution and stock of litter and the leaf decomposition rate of Gardneriana byrsonima A. Juss (murici) in two areas of Caatinga, semiarid region of Alagoas State. Litter production was measured monthly from March of 2012 to February of 2013. The litter decomposition rate and the remaining leaf mass of the murici were also calculated and analyzed for its material chemically. The leaf decomposition was measured in litter bags and the material was chemically analyzed. In the area of Olho D'Água Casado, the litter produced was over Delmiro Gouveia. The leaf fraction contributed to the higher percentage in the litter training in both areas. The leaf material showed slow decomposition to high levels of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and high C:N ratio.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The stress caused by water saturation has negative consequences for plants. The search for species tolerant to flooded soils can make feasible the use of areas with these characteristics. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of water saturation levels on the initial growth of Mimosa scabrella Benth seedlings. Newly germinated seedlings were subjected to three water depths (without saturation, 1/3, and 2/3 above the pot capacity) in a greenhouse environment. After 173 days, it was verified that for most of the variables there was no difference between the control treatment and the two saturation levels. In addition, the analysis of seedling quality demonstrated the ability of the species to develop and survive in this condition. Therefore, it is inferred that bracatinga is a promising species for cultivation under water saturation conditions.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Mimosa scabrella Bentham (bracatinga) is a prominent forest species in the south of the country, due mainly to the high rate of increase, rapid development cycle, and to enable multiple uses of wood production, both for firewood and for more noble purposes. The aim of this work was to estimate the physiological variation among 40 mother trees, based on germinative and biometric characterization of seeds and seedlings. Biometric traits were determined for the size and the fresh mass of 100 seeds, percentage of germination and normal seedlings, germination velocity index, daily mean germination, length, and dry mass of seedlings. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 1% probability and estimates of Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained between all traits. The results indicate the existence of significant variation between arrays of same or different origin for both the biometric features as those from the germination test. The physiological quality of the seeds showed no direct relation to its size.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Erosion prediction models are a useful tool for soil use planning and soil conservation. This study aimed to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in an experimental sub-basin located in the municipality of Teixeira de Freitas, in the southern end of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The following variables were calculated: rainfall erosivity factor, using the precipitation data; soil erodibility factor, by the correlation between erosivity and soil losses obtained from a standard plot installed in the field; topographic factor; vegetation cover and management factor; and conservation practices factor. The product of these factors corresponded to the soil losses in the sub-basin. Data from erosion plots were used to validate the model. The USLE predicted higher soil losses than that observed in the plots, and the eucalyptus proved to be efficient at reducing soil losses by erosion.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to identify environmental and ecosystem services provided by trees from the perception of family farmers in the Serra dos Tapes, southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, addressing the relevance of species for ecosystem sustainability of family farming. Environmental and ecosystem services offered by the tree flora of semi-deciduous submontane forest are presented according to the perception of farmers who use accumulated knowledge for social, cultural and economic reproduction in family farming. Four farmers were selected for their remarkable knowledge related to the agro-ecosystem and the local floristic composition, and they answered semi-structured interviews about 115 native tree species relating them to environmental and ecosystem services. The knowledge of farmers regarding the importance of forest cover for beekeeping, agroforestry system installation, source of biological materials for environmental recovery, conservation of hydric resources and for feeding mammals and birds was evidenced.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of shrub live cuttings and their effect on slope stability. Vertical in situ pullout tests and measurements of Phyllanthus sellowianus shoots and roots of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 14 months old were conducted. Stability analyses were conducted for slopes with planar and curved rupture surfaces and for soils with and without plants. The results showed that seasons affected plants growth and their ability to provide soil strength. Soil shear strength values ranged from 4.5 kPa (2 months old) to 47.6 kPa (14 months old). The critical factors of safety (FS) for slopes for both planar and curved rupture surfaces were found in the absence of plants and reached the stability condition (FS>2) with plants at 4 (planar) and 6 (curved) months old.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Defining the optimum points for installing of a cable logging system is a problem faced by forestry planners. This study evaluated the application of a mathematical programming model for optimal location of cable logging in wood extraction. The study was conducted in a forestry company located in Parana State, Brazil. We collected data during timber harvesting and developed mathematical models to define the optimal location of the cable logging considering the variables “cycle time” and “extraction distance”. The variable “cycle time” affected the definition of the optimal location of equipment resulted in a reduced number of installation points with the largest coverage area. The variable “distance extraction” negatively influenced the location, with an increased number of installation points with smaller coverage. The developed model was efficient, but needs to be improved in order to ensure greater accuracy in wood extraction over long distances.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Considering the importance of the Iguaçu National Park for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest and the absence of scientific or technical studies characterizing the ecology of forest species after seven and a half decades of its existence, a phytosociological survey of the arboreal vegetation was conducted to identify the various existing species and their successional stages. A total of 54 families, 135 genera, and 218 species were found in this survey. Euterpe edulis Mart. was the most frequently occurring species, which together with Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., characterize the seasonal forests in the central and south regions of the park. In the north region, located 700 m asl, Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze and Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. were observed along with some seasonal species, characterizing a transitional environment between seasonal and ombrophillous forests. In general, forests in the park were classified in advanced stages of ecological succession.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the foraging and feeding preferences of Coptotermes gestroi (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in wood from four forest species and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) in urban areas of the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo and Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. Wooden and MDF stakes were buried in the soil in the presence of C. gestroi foragers, in multiple choice assays, where the stakes remained for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The highest occurrence of foragers was in Alcântara 2 (São Gonçalo). In three areas, the stakes presented no foraging at any time during the exposure period. Generally, the longer the exposure period, the greater the occurrence of C. gestroi in the stakes and their loss of mass. The Pinus elliottii stakes had a greater loss of mass caused by C. gestroi, followed by the MDF, suggesting the need for preservative treatment of these materials prior to use.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of Vetiveria zizanioides when grown in tailings from quartzite mining. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five combinations of organic (OF) and mineral fertilization (MF) and an additional treatment of the tailings without OF or MF (control). The combinations were 0%OF/100%MF, 25%OF/75%MF, 50%OF/50%MF, 75%OF/25%MF, and 100%OF/0% MF. The doses of 100% of MF and OF were 0.025 g N, 0.025 g P2O5, 0.020 g K2O, and 5 g of corral manure per kg of quartzite tailings. V. zizanioides responded to MF at the recommended doses of 0.025 g N, 0.025 g P2O5, and 0.020 g K2O per kg of tailings. It is concluded that quartzite tailings form a favorable habitat for V. zizanioides growth, mainly after being altered by MF.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Buttresses and other natural structures modify the shape of stems in Amazonia and change the diameter at breast height (DBH) measured at 1.3 m at ground level. The lack of adequate measurement techniques affects negatively forest dynamics analyses and biomass estimating. The study evaluated an indirect method of measuring diameters in trees with DBH > 40 cm using principles of digital photogrammetry. The results obtained with two cameras (smartphone and Sony) were compared with direct measurements using diametric tape and a ladder. The technique is adequate to measure the diameters of trees with measurement point above 2 m of ground, with a confidence interval of ±1cm. The use of photogrammetry as a supplementary tool to the diametric tape (IC ± 0.24 cm) is recommended, helping to measure trees with diameter above the reach of the technician in forest inventories.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The methanolic extract from stem bark of Bauhinia monandra, a medicinal plant employed in folk medicine, yielded by column chromatography lup-20(29)-en-3β,24-diol ( 1) and methyl galloate (2) along with β-sitosterol ( 3). These known phytoconstituents are being reported for the first time from this plant and their structures were established by NMR and MS spectral studies and by comparison with their literature data. Furthermore, lup-20(29)-en-3β,24-diol (1 ), a minor constituent, was isolated from this genus for the first time.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of potassium and sodium fertilization (control: 4.5kmol.ha-1 of KCl and 4.5kmol.ha-1 of NaCl), and water regimes (100% and 63% rainfall with artificial exclusion) on wood and briquette density in Eucalyptus grandis trees at 5 years, and the application of X-ray densitometry on the quality of briquettes. Tree trunk samples were obtained to determine wood density, production and briquette density by X-ray densitometry and stereometric. The artificial exclusion of rainwater promoted an increase in wood density, and the fertilization treatments versus water availability did not affect the density of briquettes. The method used to determine the briquette density influenced the average values, with an increase of 12% in the X-ray densitometry to the stereometric.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This research evaluated protected environment and substrates for jatoba seedling. Two protected environments were used: (i) black shading screen on the sides and roof; and, (ii) black shading screen on the sides and thermal-reflective aluminized screen on the roof. In each environment the following substrates formulated with cattle manure (M) and vermiculite (V) were tested: 100% M; 90% M + 10% V; 80% M + 20% V; 70% M + 30% V; 60% M +40% V; 50% M + 50% V; 40% M +60% V; 30% M + 70% V; 20% M + 80% V; 10% M + 90%V. The environment protected with black shading screen was more favorable for the formation of jatoba seedlings, resulting in seedlings with higher shoot height and root collar diameter and, therefore, higher quality. Recommendation is to use substrates containing up to 30% of cattle manure to produce high quality jatoba seedlings.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Conservation units are legally protected areas containing natural fragments of Brazilian biomes. They may contain forest areas and can be found near to urban areas, which exposes them to pollutants. The Cicuta Forest Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE) is located in Volta Redonda and Barra Mansa-RJ, cities with industrial activity and near to the President Dutra Highway (BR 116), which connects the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. This study aimed to analyze the seasonal variability of the trace elements Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni in relation to soil depth in this ARIE, using the slice-wise algorithm to divide-up the soil data into 1 cm thick layers. The results show differences between sampling sites and seasonal variation by depth for trace elements. The highest Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in the areas bordering the forest show that forest conservation minimized anthropic impact.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil flooding on photosynthesis, growth, and biomass partitioning of young plants of copaiba (Copaifera lucens Dwyer, Fabaceae ) to investigate the possibility of using this species in restoration projects of riparian forests. Based on our results, we concluded that young plants of C. lucens are able to tolerate soil flooding for a period of approximately one month, despite significant decreases in the growth rate of roots, stomatal conductance to water vapor, and the net photosynthetic rate. These results indicate the possibility of including C. lucens in restoration programs for degraded riparian forests in regions where this species naturally occurs.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Flow in the Capim River watershed, located in the state of Pará, Brazil, was estimated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in order to determine its use efficiency. The meteorological data (from 2000 to 2010) were collected from an automatic station located in the municipality of Paragominas. The pluviometric and fluviometric data are available at the National Water Agency (ANA) website. Overall results show Efficiency Coefficient (Eff) values of 0.65 (for sub-basin 5) and 0.87 for the entire investigated period. The results also show a reduction in Eff estimation error, which started from over-estimation of 219.18% and declined to underestimation of 18% (in sub-basin 5). In summary, validation of the SWAT model was successful after adjusting the sensors during the calibration phase. Thereby, this model can be used in other studies evaluating river basins.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the volumetric lumber yield of four native species of the Amazon Region: Cedrinho (Erisma uncinatum Warm), Cumaru ( Dipteryx odorata Aublet), Garapeira (Apuleia leiocarpa Voguel), and Cambará (Qualea paraensis Ducke). Twelve logs of each species with different diameters were randomly selected from different sawmills in northern Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Additionally, the influence of diameter on the yield of each species was evaluated through regression analysis. Among the evaluated species, Cedrinho obtained the highest yield values, followed by Garapeira. Cumaru and Cambará showed the lowest yields, and did not differ statistically. Log diameter negatively influenced lumber yield, except for Cumaru wood, which did not present a clear relation between these parameters.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the influence of time and sodium sulfite concentration on tannin yield in Curupay bark and propose better extraction conditions. The extractions were performed using 100 g of dried bark and 1500 mL of water at 70 °C, with extraction times of 2, 3, and 4 h and amount of extractor salt at the concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%. The following parameters were evaluated: content of total solids, total yield of solids, Stiasny index, and gravimetric yield of condensed tannins and non-tannins. Results show that the higher the concentration of sodium sulfite, the higher the content and yield of solids, as well as the higher the extraction of non-tannin compounds. Three-hour extraction time at 3.0% sodium sulfite concentration was the best condition to extract tannins from Curupay bark, under which a condensed tannin yield of 20.46% was obtained.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This paper aims to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of net aerial primary production (NAPP) of oats and sorghum in silvopastoral systems (SPS) and in a treeless situation (TLS), in Southern Cordoba, Argentina. The silvopastoral systems are composed of three woody cultures (Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus viminalis and Quercus robur), and two grass species (Avena sativa and Sorghum sudanense). NAPP of Avena sativa and Sorghum sudanense were lower in the silvopastoral systems than in the treeless situation. However, there were also differences in terms of NAPP according to the tree species, and these differences were related to the intensity of competition between trees and grasses. Pinus elliottii and Quercus robur were less competitive than Eucalyptus viminalis, which might be associated with their morphophysiological differences, their differential growth rate and their differences in terms of phenology. Finally, facilitation effects between trees and grasses were also identified under certain conditions.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to perform the edaphic-climatic zoning of six eucalyptus species (E. camaldulensis, C. citriodora, E. cloeziana , E. grandis, E. saligna, and E. urophylla) in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). The edaphic-climatic zoning was determined by overlayer of thermal and water (water deficit [DEF] and rainfall), type of soils (pedology), and relief (altitude) suitability maps. Suitability maps were obtained using Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS-GIS). The species studied showed potential for cultivation in the entire RJ due to different tolerances and requirements to the environmental conditions. The exception was the E. saligna, which proved to be unsuitable for the entire state, while C. citriodora showed the greatest suitability. Among edaphic-climatic factors analyzed, air temperature and DEF were the most important limiting factor for the suitability of species.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating thermal modification in mechanical properties of Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus saligna woods compared with a control. To do so, three samples of each species were selected, with approximately 40 years, which had the first two three-meter long logs removed. Wood thermal modification was done through final temperatures of 140 °C, 160 °C e 180 °C for 2.5 hours, and the control as well, using a forced air circulation greenhouse. Mechanical properties tests consisted of maximum impact resistance evaluation, static bending, and fiber parallel compression. Generally, results showed that thermal modification increases wood resistance up to a certain point and reduces in the highest temperature.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of different sources of organic fertilizer and their most appropriate proportions to produce Toona ciliata seedlings. Broiler litter and cattle manure were used as organic fertilizer at four proportions in the substrate (0, 15, 30, and 45%). A control treatment was adopted with 6 kg controlled-release fertilizers (m-3 substrate). The following parameters were assessed: germination, seedling height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry matter, as well as the Dickson Quality Index. Cattle manure did not provide satisfactory results, whereas the use of broiler litter in the substrate resulted in seedling development similar to that of the control treatment. In conclusion, concentrations up to 30% of broiler litter can be recommended to substrate composition, and greater proportions of this compound (>30%) preclude seed germination.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The state of Minas Gerais has a high ecological relevance mainly due to its forest species diversity. Understanding the spatialization of that diversity is of importance to develop environmental public policies. The hypothesis of this study is that the tree species diversity from different forest types, in the state of Minas Gerais, presents distribution with spatial dependence. Thus, the objective of this work was to prove that spatial dependence and to relate it between the forest types. Data from the project called “Forest Inventory of Minas Gerais” were used to calculate indices of Shannon, Simpson and Pielou. We used geostatistical and kriging tools to create spatial maps. As results, the mappings indicated that the state presents well-defined gradients of diversity and richness of forest species, increasing in North-South and from West-East directions. The spatial dependence and the spatialization of the tree species diversity show that the geostatistical modeling is a tool that supports the forest resource management. The maps of diversity can be used as indicators of potential areas for creating Conservation Units, establishing ecological corridors, besides supporting environmental policy development.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the landscape structure of a watershed located in a region considered strategic for the implementation of the Paraná River Biodiversity Corridor. Based on land-use/land-cover mapping, four different scenarios were generated: 1) real situation, 2) considering the edge effect, 3) without Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), and 4) with restoration of the riparian APPs. Different landscape metrics were calculated for each scenario. In scenario 2, only 28% of the total natural vegetation cover remained as core areas. In scenario 3, there was a considerable increase in forest fragmentation. In scenario 4, an expressive increase in landscape connectivity was promoted. In conclusion, a relatively small increase in natural vegetation cover can promote considerable increase in landscape connectivity and restoration of the riparian APPs in watersheds of the region should be considered as a priority action for the implementation of the Paraná River Biodiversity Corridor.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model for the spatial forest planning of harvest activity scheduling. Thirty-eight (38) blocks were formed from stands aged 13 to 17 years considering a total area limit set to 350 hectares. The model was built in Excel ® spreadsheet and solved by CPLEX® optimization software using the Branch and bound method for the linear programming of problems with integer variables. The results of optimization are presented in the form of a map of spatial distribution of the selected blocks. The total harvested area was 5,989 hectares and the volume generated was 2,956,913 m3 in a planning horizon of five years. Higher results compared with those of traditional planning and efficiency to optimize forest harvesting proved to be a viable alternative to the inclusion of space and operational issues associated with forest harvesting.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT There is a lack of techniques for the rapid and accurate determination of wood quality for charcoal production with good energy characteristics. The association of NIR spectroscopy and important charcoal parameters allows the prediction of these characteristics. This is a fast method that does not require sample preparation before the reading. The spectral readings were performed with solid and ground samples, and presented the second best representation of the evaluated parameters. Data went was adjusted to correct for variations that could occur during the spectra reading. The treatment with the best results was the normal transformation of variation. The evaluated spectra were able to explain 77% of the data for the variable gravimetric yield, 88% for volatile materials content and 86% for fixed carbon content.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Araucaria angustifolia is under the domain of the Atlantic Forest, classified as Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (FOM). It is a native species critically threatened due to the intense exploration, to the point of exhaustion, of its natural reserves. This study aims to present the ethnoecological knowledge regarding this species in a community located in the Mantiqueira Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, contrasting the results with information gathered in the literature. Brazilian Pine is a symbol of the local Pine Forest, and it is the most represented species in use categories. The ethnoecological survey included structured interviews with 20 key informers and 10 local artisans. Results indicated that the species is under strong pressure due to its exploration and use in the region; however, they also indicated that popular wisdom should be valued and applied as an effective tool for the conservation of this species. Sustainable management of the Araucaria Forests as a resource should be valued as an alternative to this objective.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Water is considered the most important environmental resource for the germination process. This study aimed to evaluate the germination performance of Parkia platycephala seeds under different conditions of water and saline stress. Seed germination was tested with solutions of poly (ethylene glycol) 6000 and sodium chloride (NaCl) at seven osmotic potentials [0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, and -1.2MPa (megapascal)] and four replicates with 25 seeds in a completely randomized design, simulating the water and saline stress levels, respectively. The following seedling variables were evaluated: germination percentage, germination speed index, length, and dry mass. Results showed significant interaction between the agent and the osmotic potential for all evaluated variables. P. platycephala seeds presented higher tolerance to saline stress simulated by NaCl than to water stress, showing germination performance appropriate for glycophyte plants.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii (Marshall, 1922) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has been reported to be harmful to guava fruit, causing deterioration. However, the occurrence of this insect and resulting damage in araçazeiro Psidium cattleianum (Sabine) fruit has not yet been described. For this reason, the objective of this study was to report the occurrence of C. psidii in araçá (P. cattleianum). In May 2015, the occurrence of C. psidii in araçá trees of the P. cattleianum species was investigated. Recordings were performed in the experimental area of UNEPE Viveiro de Plantas Hortícolas (geographical coordinates 25º41'37”S and 53º06'07”W, average altitude of 502m) at the Federal University of Technology (UTFPR-DV), Dois Vizinhos – PR.