ABSTRACT Mozambique is a country located in the southwest of the African continent. The country has great climatic diversity. The tropical monsoon (Am), tropical savanna (Aw), hot semiarid (BSh), and humid subtropical (Cwa and Cfa) and subtropical highland (Cwb) climates stand out. The regions classified a subtropical have climatic potential for the rational exploitation low and medium chill requirement of peach trees. There are already technologies for the cultivation of peach trees in subtropical regions in Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify the zoning of suitable areas and provide bases for the establishment and expansion of peach cultivation in Mozambique. Meteorological data from 108 stations and the geotechnological tool ArcGIS 10.1 were used to spatialize temperature, rainfall, and humidity data and then reclassify them for the generation of maps using the Geostatistical Analyst extension. In parallel, maps of mean annual temperatures and climate classification were used. Regions in the subtropical areas of Mozambique with suitable temperature and rainfall are viable for peach plantations. The results showed the Northwest, Central and South regions is more suitable for the economic exploitation of peaches trees.

ABSTRACT Rainfall is a fundamental component of agricultural production, and knowing its potential and variability can ensure the success of this activity. However, the number of meteorological stations is still small, even in states with agricultural aptitude, such as Goiás. Geoprocessing techniques can be used to overcome this problem. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the products of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite to describe the annual and monthly rainfall variability in the Goiás state and the Federal District (Brazil). Interpolations were carried out to increase the spatial resolution by means of ordinary kriging and cluster analysis for spatial and temporal distribution. It was observed that the evaluated territory can be classified into three regions with differentiated water regimes up to 500 mm annually, with seasonality of accumulated precipitation from November to March. Even though the regression evaluation showed limitations for a monthly precipitation above 200 mm, the analysis of the TRMM satellite products demonstrated that this tool allows forecasts of provisional normals with a higher spatial resolution than the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) stations network, with known measurement errors for each evaluation period, allowing the data application in forecast models for agricultural planning involving water management.

RESUMO A chuva é um componente fundamental para a produção agrícola, e conhecer seu potencial e variabilidade pode garantir o sucesso dessa atividade. Entretanto, o número de estações meteorológicas ainda é pequeno, mesmo em estados com aptidão agrícola, como Goiás. Para contornar esse problema, técnicas de geoprocessamento podem ser utilizadas. Objetivou-se avaliar os produtos do satélite Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) para a descrição da variabilidade anual e mensal da precipitação pluvial no estado de Goiás e no Distrito Federal. Interpolações foram realizadas para aumentar a resolução espacial por meio de krigagem ordinária e análise de cluster para distribuição espacial e temporal. Verificou-se que o território avaliado pode ser classificado em três regiões com regimes hídricos diferenciados em até 500 mm anuais, com sazonalidade de precipitação acumulada de novembro a março. Embora a avaliação de regressão tenha mostrado limitações para precipitação mensal acima de 200 mm, a análise dos produtos do satélite TRMM demonstrou que esta ferramenta permite previsões de normais provisórias com maior resolução espacial que a rede de estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), com erros de medição conhecidos para cada período de avaliação, permitindo a aplicação dos dados em modelos de previsão para planejamento agrícola envolvendo manejo hídrico.

Abstract The survival of endodontically treated teeth depends on the remaining tooth structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different access cavities on root canal preparation, restorative protocol, and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Fifty-six mandibular molars were divided into control (n=8) and experimental (n=16) groups according to access cavity: Traditional, Conservative, and Truss; and redistributed (n=8) according to instrumentation protocols: Reciproc Blue and R-motion. After, teeth were scanned in micro-CT and then filled and redistributed according to composite resin restoration (n=8): Filtek One BulkFill and Filtek Z350. A new micro-CT scan was performed to analyze the restorative material. Then, samples were submitted to fracture resistance testing and the failure pattern was determined. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, ANOVA, Tukey, and chi-square tests (α=0.05). In Truss, R-Motion promoted less transportation in different thirds of root canals. Higher percentages of voids (5.05%) and filling material (11.7%) were observed in Truss. Fracture resistance values were higher for the control group, followed by Truss, Conservative, and Traditional. The predominant failure pattern was type-II. In Truss, reciprocating instruments with smaller taper showed less canal transportation. Also, Truss provided higher values of fracture resistance, although it presented a higher percentage of voids and remaining filling material. Thus, in Truss, reciprocating files with smaller taper showed less canal transportation, and these cavities provided higher values of fracture resistance, although it presented a higher percentage of voids and remaining filling material.

Resumo Os ganhos genéticos dos programas de melhoramento do eucalipto diminuíram em comparação com as décadas anteriores, enquanto a produtividade reduziu nos últimos anos. Essa queda é atribuída principalmente às mudanças climáticas, que, segundo estudos, têm limitado a produtividade e alterado a adaptação das espécies florestais. Além disso, considera-se que o solo é um dos componentes-chave da produção florestal e que atua diretamente na dinâmica da água e dos nutrientes para as árvores. Pretende-se avaliar, neste trabalho, os atributos dos solos que maximizam a produtividade da madeira para auxiliar as empresas silvicultoras na indicação de solos com melhor capacidade produtiva para produção de madeira. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência dos atributos do clima e do solo na produtividade da floresta de eucalipto e na resposta à seca no Brasil (tropical e subtropical) em locais com três tipos de clima: Subúmido, Úmido e Superúmido. Além disso, buscou-se calcular uma proposta de valores ótimos de atributos estáveis do solo ao longo de um ciclo/rotação da floresta para maximizar a produtividade do eucalipto. Para isso, foram instalados no Brasil 24 experimentos com 4 clones comuns em todos os experimentos para obter fortes contrastes edafoclimáticos, e, assim, medir a produtividade e a resposta à seca e descrever sua relação com os atributos dos solos. Três grupos climáticos foram avaliados: Subúmido (taxa de precipitação: evapotranspiração entre 0,5 e 1,0, Úmido (taxa de precipitação: evapotranspiração entre 1,0 e 2,5), Superúmido (taxa de precipitação: evapotranspiração entre 2,5 e 5,0). A produtividade de madeira variou entre os clones, com uma média de 1,86 sendo a faixa de variação. A interação genótipo versus ambiente (G X A) foi fortemente observada, e foi constatado que alguns clones são mais afetados pelo clima em relação a outros. Silte, CEC, MO para maximizar a produtividade da madeira foram: 54,68 %, 18,94%, 7,02%, 31,49 mmolc / dm³, 27,17 g / cm³.

Abstract The genetic gains from eucalyptus breeding programs have decreased, compared to the previous decades, while the productivity has declined in recent years. This drop is mainly attributed to climate change, which, according to studies, has limited the productivity and altered the adaptation of forest species. In addition to this, it is considered that the soil is one of the components of the forest production that acts directly on the dynamics of water and nutrients for trees, and it is intended to evaluate the attributes of soils that maximize the productivity of wood to assist forestry companies in the indication of soils with better productive capacity to produce wood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of climate and soil attributes on the productivity of the eucalyptus forest and on the response to drought in Brazil (tropical and subtropical) in places with three types of climate: sub-humid, humid and super-humid. In addition, we sought to calculate a proposal for optimal values of stable soil attributes over a forest cycle/rotation to maximize Eucalyptus productivity. To do so, 24 experiments were installed in Brazil with 4 common clones in all the experiments to obtain strong edaphoclimatic contrasts, and, thus, to measure the productivity and the response to drought and to describe its relationship with the attributes of the soils. Three climatic groups were evaluated: Sub-humid (precipitation rate: evapotranspiration between 0.5 to 1.0, Wet (precipitation rate: evapotranspiration between 1.0 to 2.5), Super-humid (precipitation rate: evapotranspiration between 2.5 to 5.0). Wood productivity varied among Eucalyptus clones, with an average of 1.86 being the variation range. The genotype versus environment interaction (G X E) was strongly noted, and it was observed that some clones are more affected by the climate in relation to others. The optimal values of Sand, Clay, Silt, CEC, O.M to maximize the wood productivity were: 54.68 %, 18.94 %, 7.02 %, 31.49 mmolc/dm³, 27.17 g/cm³.

Summary: Actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of agricultural crops are a potential source of antagonists against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the antagonistic activity in vitro of actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of avocado trees (Persea americana) against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Xanthomonas sp. Actinobacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of avocado trees var. Hass collected from an orchard from Ziracuaretiro, Michoacán. The isolated strains were assessed against C. gloeosporioides and Xanthomonas sp. by means of in vitro confrontation tests. The antagonistic activity was determined by measuring the radius and diameter of the growth inhibition zone of C. gloeosporioides and Xanthomonas sp., respectively. A total of 41 actinobacterial strains were isolated, of which 44% inhibited growth of at least one of the two plant pathogens. Specifically, 15% of the isolates inhibited growth of C. gloeosporioides, 22% of Xanthomonas sp. and 7% of both phytopathogens. The mycelial growth inhibition radius of C. gloeosporioides fluctuated from 6.6 to 15.5 mm, while in Xanthomonas sp., the inhibition zone was from 15.5 to 62.7 mm. These results indicated the importance of rhizosphere actinobacteria as antagonists of phytopathogenic microorganisms, some of which could be used as potential biological control agents against anthracnose and bacterial leaf spot.

Resumen: Las actinobacterias de la rizosfera de cultivos agrícolas son una fuente potencial de antagonistas contra microorganismos fitopatógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la actividad antagónica in vitro de actinobacterias de la rizosfera de árboles de aguacate (Persea americana) contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp. Las actinobacterias fueron aisladas de muestras de suelo rizosférico de árboles de aguacate var. Hass colectadas de una huerta en el municipio de Ziracuaretiro, Michoacán. Las cepas aisladas fueron evaluadas contra C. gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp. mediante ensayos de confrontación in vitro. La actividad antagónica se determinó midiendo el radio y diámetro de la zona de inhibición del crecimiento de C. gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp., respectivamente. Se aislaron un total de 41 cepas de actinobacterias, de las cuales el 44% inhibió el crecimiento de al menos uno de los dos fitopatógenos. En específico, el 15% de los aislados inhibió el crecimiento de C. gloeosporioides, el 22% a Xanthomonas sp. y el 7% a ambos fitopatógenos. El radio de inhibición del crecimiento miceliar de C. gloeosporioides fluctuó de entre 6.6 a 15.5 mm, mientras que en Xanthomonas sp. la zona de inhibición fue de entre 15.5 a 62.7 mm. Estos resultados indican la importancia de las actinobacterias de la rizosfera como antagonistas de microorganismos fitopatógenos, algunas de las cuales podrían ser utilizadas como potenciales agentes de control biológico contra la antracnosis y la mancha bacteriana.

Abstract Due to its high medicinal and nutritional values, blackberries have become increasingly interesting to producers and consumers. People are looking for healthier options to consume sugar with greater nutritional enrichment. However, replacement of the type of sugar is associated with significant changes in some parameters, finding suitable replacements that result in satisfactory products can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sugars (white refined sugar, white crystal sugar, demerara sugar, brown sugar and coconut sugar) on the physicochemical, physical and sensory aspects of blackberry juices and jellies. The type of sugar influenced the physicochemical and physical characteristics of blackberry jelly and juice, which reflected the differences in acceptability of the final product. Information on the type of sugar and its benefits influenced the sensory acceptance of blackberry jelly and juice.

Abstract Temperate fruit species, originate from regions with cold winters and well-defined climatic seasons. These fruits are also produced in subtropical and tropical regions. The aim of this study was to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of different fruit cultivars from fruit trees of temperate climate, such as peach, pear, quince, and fig, able to be produced in subtropic regions. Analyzes of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and ascorbic acid were carried out. In peaches, ‘Biuti’ had the highest phenolic content, and ‘Bonão’ stood out in relation of antioxidant activity (ABTS) and ascorbic acid. For quinces, 'Lageado' had higher phenolic content, ‘Provence’ and ‘CTS’ showed higher antioxidant activity (ABTS), and ‘Alaranjado’ stood out in relation of antioxidant activity (DPPH). ‘Fuller’, ‘Smyrna’ and ‘Portugal’ are the ones with the highest levels of ascorbic acid. In pears, ‘Seleta’ showed the highest phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and ascorbic acid. ‘Centenaria’ presented the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS). In figs, ‘Três num Prato’, ‘Lemon’ and ‘Brunswick’ had the highest ascorbic acid content. ‘Três num prato’ and ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity consecutively. It was found that cultivars of these evaluated fruits showed great variability, even under similar conditions.

Abstract Pepper wilt, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is one of the main threats faced during pepper production. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Streptomyces spp. in the biological control of P. capsici under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro antagonistic activity of strains ABV38, ABV39 and ABV45 was examined by means of dual confrontation tests. Broth culture supernatant (BCS) from the growth of the strains was irrigated on pepper plants inoculated with P. capsici CH11 (PC CH11) to evaluate wilt suppression. Molecular identification of the strains was carried out by analyzing the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Under in vitro conditions, strains ABV38, ABV39 and ABV45 inhibited the mycelial growth of PC CH11 by 51, 28 and 50 %, respectively. In the in vivo evaluation, the BCSs of strains ABV38 and ABV45 showed a wilt suppressive effect, with plant survival of 77 and 94 %, respectively. Strain ABV39 did not show a wilt suppressive effect (0 % survival), and nor did the untreated plants. Molecular identification indicated that strains ABV39, ABV38 and ABV45 belong to the genus Streptomyces, of which ABV38 and ABV45 have potential for biorational control of pepper wilt.

Resumen La marchitez del chile, causada por Phytophthora capsici, es una de las principales amenazas durante la producción del cultivo. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de Streptomyces spp. en el control biológico de P. capsici en condiciones in vitro e in vivo. La actividad antagónica in vitro de las cepas ABV38, ABV39 y ABV45 se realizó mediante ensayos de confrontación dual. El sobrenadante del caldo de cultivo (SNC) del crecimiento de las cepas se irrigó en plantas de chile inoculadas con P. capsici CH11 (PC CH11) para evaluar la supresión de la marchitez. La identificación molecular de las cepas se realizó mediante el análisis de la secuencia parcial del gen ARNr 16S. En condiciones in vitro, las cepas ABV38, ABV39 y ABV45 inhibieron el crecimiento micelial de PC CH11 en 51, 28 y 50 %, respectivamente. En la evaluación in vivo, los SNC de las cepas ABV38 y ABV45 mostraron un efecto supresor de la marchitez, con una supervivencia de las plantas de 77 y 94 %, respectivamente. La cepa ABV39 no mostró un efecto supresor de la marchitez (supervivencia de 0 %), al igual que las plantas no tratadas. La identificación molecular indicó que las cepas ABV39, ABV38 y ABV45 pertenecen al género Streptomyces; de las cuales, ABV38 y ABV45 poseen potencial para el control biorracional de la marchitez del chile.

ABSTRACT Soybean is the main crop grown in Brazil and is important to quantify the capacity of increase in yield by crop production intensification and management. This study aims to quantify yield gap and agricultural efficiency (AE) for soybean in Central Cerrado biome, Brazil. Yield gap by management (YGMG) and water deficit (YGWD) and AE and climate efficiency (CE) were calculated based on potential (PoY), attainable (AtY) and actual (AcY) yields. Potential yields and AtY were simulated for the main sowing date, ranging from Oct 11 to Nov 01, using the agroecological zone crop model, from 1980/81 to 2016/17 growing seasons. The sites were Rio Verde (GO), Cristalina (GO), Barreiras (BA) and Peixe (TO). Actual yield was obtained from official statistics for each site. Agricultural efficiency rate for this period and its relationship with CE were analyzed. The YGMG were 4,345, 3,446, 4,531 and 2,649 kg·ha–1 for Rio Verde, Cristalina, Peixe and Barreiras, respectively. Barreiras had a higher YGWD when compared with other sites, reaching a mean of 6,526 kg·ha–1. However, Barreiras had a higher AE (51%), indicating that crop management applied in this region can explore the environmental conditions more than other sites. Agricultural efficiency showed an increasing rate from 0.70 to 1.21% per year, while the relation between AE and CE fitted an exponential negative function, by which higher water volume available reduced AE. Thus, it is possible to double soybean yield through improvements in management based on AtY (7,409 kg·ha–1) and AcY (3,260 kg·ha–1) in Central Cerrado biome, Brazil.

Resumo Em São Luís, Maranhão, região Nordeste do Brasil, a notificação de casos de Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) intensificou-se em 1982, com padrão epidêmico e endêmico. Nessa cidade, o Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ) era uma entidade que realizava ações de controle e prevenção da doença, mas, nos últimos anos, a periodicidade de suas atividades reduziram-se significativamente, devido a diversos fatores técnico-políticos. Portanto, neste estudo avaliou-se o cenário epidemiológico da leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) e a prevalência da doença em cães, após a descontinuidade das atividades do CCZ, no período de 2007-2016. A soroprevalência canina foi determinada de acordo com o perfil clínico e a sorologia. Os casos notificados de LVH foram realizados a partir de dados da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Luís. Observou-se frequência de 45,8% (p = 0,0001) de cães soropositivos, dos quais 54% (p = 0,374) eram assintomáticos. Em relação aos casos humanos, ocorreram 415 notificações, com aumento na incidência das zoonoses observada no período. Assim, pode-se inferir que, com a interrupção das atividades de controle e vigilância, houve um grande número de animais circulantes positivos, atuando como fonte de infecção tanto para cães quanto para humanos.

Abstract In São Luís, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, the notification of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases intensified in 1982, showing endemic and epidemic patterns. In this city, the Center for Zoonoses Control (CZC) was an organization in charge of the control and prevention of the disease. However, technical and political reasons have led to a significant decline in the periodicity of its activities. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the epidemiological scenario of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and the prevalence of the disease in dogs after the cessation of the CZC activities, covering the period of 2007 to 2016. The seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis was determined based on clinical and serological profiles. HVL cases were notified using data provided by the Municipal Health Department of São Luís. A seropositivity rate of 45.8% (p = 0.0001) was found among dogs, 54% (p = 0.374) of which were asymptomatic. As for human cases, there were 415 notifications, with an increase in the incidence of the zoonosis observed during the aforementioned period. Thus, it can be inferred that after the control and surveillance activities were curtailed, there was an increase in the number of seropositive animals in circulation, acting as reservoirs of infection for dogs and humans.

Resumo: O Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira (PEPF) está localizado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, em uma intrigante área de contato entre a Mata Atlântica e o Cerrado - ambos hotspots de biodiversidade -, representada principalmente pelo cerradão (CER), a floresta estacional semidecidual (FES) e pela variação dessa última, com influência aluvial (FESA). As áreas ecotonais desempenham um papel importante no conhecimento ecológico e fitogeográfico da flora e da vegetação. Mesmo com muitos estudos realizados no PEPF, as informações encontram-se dispersas. Dessa forma, produzimos um checklist atualizado da flora vascular, resultante da compilação de vouchers, estudos realizados no PEPF e de esforços de coleta realizados pelos autores entre os anos de 2014 e 2017. Além disso, para entender suas relações fitogeográficas, realizamos uma análise de similaridade florística entre o PEPF e outros levantamentos realizadas nas mesmas fitofisionomias da área estudada. Registramos 684 espécies pertencentes a 387 gêneros e 107 famílias. A FES foi a fitofisionomia mais rica (478 espécies), seguida pelo CER (418) e a FESA (231). As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae (64 espécies), Myrtaceae (41), Orchidaceae (39), Rubiaceae (37), Asteraceae (35), Bignoniaceae (26) e Malvaceae (20). Oito espécies ameaçadas em âmbito regional e nacional foram encontradas. Desde a última lista florística produzida para o PEPF, 412 espécies foram adicionadas. As formas de vida com maiores números de espécies foram: árvores (286 espécies), ervas (176) e arbustos mais subarbustos (123). A análise de similaridade corroborou o padrão de que áreas mais próximas geograficamente são mais similares entre si, e esse padrão foi encontrado, também, para áreas ecotonais envolvendo diferentes fitofisionomias. Os resultados encontrados colocam o PEPF entre as unidades de conservação com maior número de espécies vegetais sob o domínio de clima sazonal, possuindo, portanto, grande importância para a conservação de espécies de plantas no Sudeste do Brasil.

Abstract: The Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP) is located in the State of São Paulo southeastern Brazil, in an intriguing transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado - both hotspots of biodiversity - represented mainly by the cerradão (CER), and the seasonal semideciduous forest (SSF), with its alluvial variation vegetation type (riparian forest - RP). Ecotonal areas play an important role in providing ecological and phytogeographic knowledge regarding the flora and vegetation of this region. Despite various studies on the PFSP, knowledge of this region remains fragmented. In this study, we aim to conduct an updated checklist of the PFSP vascular flora, including a compilation of all the studies conducted in this protected area, plus field work carried out by the authors from 2014 to 2017. In addition, given its ecotonal characteristics, we completed a floristic similarity analysis between the PFSP and other floristic surveys that examined the same vegetation types present in this study, to gain a better understanding of their phytogeographic relationships. Overall, 684 species, belonging to 387 genera and 107 families, were recorded. The SSF presented the richest vegetation type (478 species), followed by the CER (418) and the RP (231). The most diverse families were Fabaceae (64 species), Myrtaceae (41), Orchidaceae (39), Rubiaceae (37), Asteraceae (35), Bignoniaceae (26) and Malvaceae (20). Moreover, eight threatened species, at regional and national levels, were found. To date, 412 species have been added to the floristic list produced for the PFSP. The life forms with the highest number of species were trees (286 species), herbs (176) plus shrubs and subshrubs (123). Our research findings indicate floristic patterns with higher levels of similarity among species in geographical proximity, including those in ecotonal areas encompassing different vegetation types. These results rank the PFSP among some of the most species-rich conservation units with seasonal climates, and therefore is of great importance for plant conservation in the southeast of Brazil.

Abstract A new juice market, consisting of mixtures of fruits, is expanding in the beverage segment, in order to increase even more the nutritional and sensory characteristics. In addition, in the preparation of juices, the option exists to replace water with coconut water. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize mixed juices based on coconut water and berries (strawberry, blackberry, and red raspberry), through the mixture design, desirability function, and response surface methodology. Mixed juices were evaluated by rheological, physical, physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional characteristics. The treatments produced with strawberry (50% or 100%) were preferred among the tasters, and the juices elaborated using blackberry contributed to higher viscosity, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and total anthocyanins. According to optimization, the mixed juices should contain 50-60% strawberry, 40% blackberry, and 0-10% raspberry. Thus, the mixed juices produced from these fruits have better characteristics than the juice of only one fruit type.

Maytenus distichophylla is a medicinal species used in Northeast of Brazil. The hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts and compounds from its roots were evaluated for their protective activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity for chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normal individuals (PBMC) cells was established by MTT method using etoposide as standard. The in vivo toxicity of samples was determined using Caenorhabditis elegans model. From HE and CE were isolated: friedelan-3-one (1), b-sitosterol (2), 3-oxo-olean-9(11),12-diene (3), a mixture of pristimerin (4) and 11a-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one (5), 30-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one (6), friedelane-3,7-dione (7), tingenone (8) and triacylglycerol (9). The structures of 1-9 were confirmed by spectral data. All samples reduced the viability of S. aureus and present no effect against C. albicans. The HE, CE, mixture of 4/5 and 8 reduced 75% of S. aureus viability. Cytotoxic effect for K562 and THP-1 cells was caused by compounds 1, 2 and 8. All samples displayed selectivity for leukemic cells and low toxicity to PBMC cells, suggesting their potential as anticancer agents. Extracts and compounds were non-toxic to L1 larvae of C. elegans. However, most of them reduced significantly young adult worm’s survival, being considered as potential nematicides.

Salacia crassifolia traditionally known as “Bacupari-do-Cerrado” is used to treat kidney problems, and as a healing agent for coughs and malaria. The phytochemical study of the S. crassifolia roots led to the isolation of thirteen compounds: abruslactone-A (1), urs-12-ene-3β,25,30-triol (2), carioprystimerin (3), β-sitosterol (4), pristimerin (5), dispermoquinone (6), netzahualcoyonol (7), 20-hydroxy-20-epi-tingenone (8), 6-oxo-pristimerol (9), 9β,10β-epoxi-3β-hydroxy-1βH,4βH,5βH,7βH,11αH-guaian-12,8β-olide (10), 3-O-b-D-glucosyl-b-sitosterol (11), 4`-O-methylepigalocatechin (12) and cerebroside (13). The chemical structures of 1-13 were determined by IR, 1D/2D NMR together with X-ray diffractometry. Compounds 2 and 10 are herein described for the first time. Extracts of S. crassifolia and compounds 3, 5, 8 and 9 were evaluated on acetylcholinesterase inhibition, in vitro cytotoxic activity and in vivo toxicity tests using Caenorhabditis elegans model. All tested compounds inhibited acetylcholinesterase, and compounds 3, 8 and 9 demonstrated a greater potential when compared to the standard eserine. The tested compounds showed low cytotoxicity against the THP-1, K562 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. None of the tested compounds and extracts were toxic against C. elegans since the larvae survival rate in L1 stage was higher than 90%.