Abstract Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of moral disengagement, perceived penalty, negative experiences and turnover intention on the intention to violate the established security rules. Design/methodology/approach The method used involves two stages of analysis, using techniques of structural equation modeling and artificial intelligence with neural networks, based on information collected from 318 workers of organizational information systems. Findings The model provides a reasonable prediction regarding the intention to violate information security policies (ISP). The results revealed that the relationships of moral disengagement and perceived penalty significantly influence such an intention. Research limitations/implications This research presents a multi-analytical approach that expands the robustness of the results by the complementarity of each analysis technique. In addition, it offers scientific evidence of the factors that reinforce the cognitive processes that involve workers’ decision-making in security breaches. Practical implications The practical recommendation is to improve organizational communication to mitigate information security vulnerabilities in several ways, namely, training actions that simulate daily work routines; exposing the consequences of policy violations; disseminating internal newsletters with examples of inappropriate behavior. Social implications Results indicate that information security does not depend on the employees’ commitment to the organization; system vulnerabilities can be explored even by employees committed to the companies. Originality/value The study expands the knowledge about the individual factors that make information security in companies vulnerable, one of the few in the literature which aims to offer an in-depth perspective on which individual antecedent factors affect the violation of ISP.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the impact of knowledge and socioeconomic dimensions on entrepreneurial ecosystem dynamics when addressing the emergence of green and ‘traditional’ knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship (KIE). The methodological approach used in the study was quantitative, using structural equation modeling. Our empirical analysis comprises data from 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo and 1,372 companies participating in the Innovative Research in Small Businesses (PIPE) program administered by the São Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp). Of these projects, 343 represent green KIE (25% of the total), and 1,029 are traditional KIE, thus allowing a sound comparative analysis. Results confirmed the positive impact of knowledge and socioeconomic dimensions on entrepreneurial ecosystem dynamics. Moreover, findings show a homogeneous pattern in this relationship for cities that do contain green KIE and cities that do not. Hence, it does not seem necessary to promote different ecosystems configurations in order to foster sustainable transitions in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Rather, policies and initiatives targeting technological generation and diffusion in green technologies can likely represent an effective transformational strategy to achieve environment-friendly productive systems.

Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate the influence of factors attributed to relationship attractiveness between supplier and customer, from the supplier’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach The empirical exercise was based on the use of multivariate data analysis with confirmatory factor analysis and a partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Findings The study resulted in a robust model, with a high explanatory factor for the latent variable relational attractiveness and commitment was the most influential factor, followed by expected value and interorganizational trust. Research limitations/implications Some limitations of the study can be highlighted: conducting research in a single cooperative and with a single audience; choosing a short-cycle supply chain, which may make it difficult to generalize to other industries; the cross-section nature of data also hinders the analysis to understand how the association between variables of interest may vary over time. Practical implications The negative influence of interpersonal trust reinforces the importance of developing collaborative attitudes between parties, whereas the non-significant value for dependence (financial and volume dependence) shows this is not a risk factor for relational attractiveness in a supply chain. Such results provide evidence on how to develop relationship management between suppliers and customers that are part of the same supply chain. Social implications It offers a new perspective for research in cooperatives, which still have no consensus on the motivating factors for members’ participation, including as evidence the results of the largest flower producing center in Latin America. The more a cooperative succeeds in increasing relational attractiveness, the greater the cooperative power and the ability to adapt to shocks and changes, which are fundamental factors for the success and longevity of the cooperative. Originality/value The research presents a model that is comprehensive enough to fit in different contexts and consider its specific characteristics. Additionally, this paper has added in-depth information on the relational attractiveness relationships in the context of a developing country.

ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to propose a conceptual model for assessing the impact of entrepreneurship supportive university ecosystems (ESUE) on student’s entrepreneurship related behavioral characteristics: entrepreneurial intention (EI) and entrepreneurial characteristics (EC). The empirical research used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a sample of 1,012 observations. Findings indicate that an ESUE has a positive influence on student’s EI. However, this effect is mostly perceived on the changing of student’s EC than on the direct stimulation for becoming entrepreneurs. Moreover, student’s EI is also influenced by the greater entrepreneurial ecosystem in which universities are embedded. Evidences hint at the possibility that the university’s push for entrepreneurship is insufficient. University and/or public managers stand to benefit from our findings for reassessing their current arrangements for fostering student entrepreneurship and designing new, more efficient mechanisms. Moreover, the literature presents a myriad of localized assessments of small countries, whereas this research provides a rough nation-wide overview of a continent-sized nation, thus contributing to the testing of the model against different contexts.

Abstract Research on the concept of entrepreneurial universities has dedicated significant attention to understand how academic ecosystems shape the propensity of its members to establish new ventures. In this article we look at a prior step of the entrepreneurial event, i.e., how universities’ dynamics and initiatives related to entrepreneurship affect the proclivity of faculty to engage in entrepreneurship support. We propose and validate a conceptual model that directly relates the university ecosystem with faculty engagement, having entrepreneurial experience of faculty as a moderator and analyzing differences between public and private institutions. Data comprises information from 680 faculty members of over 70 higher education institutions from all regions of Brazil. Analyses were performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modeling. Results point to a strong positive relation between developed university ecosystems and the engagement of faculty with entrepreneurial activities, especially for individuals with stronger entrepreneurial experience. No differences were found between private and public institutions. From a practical standpoint, it is possible to identify more effective, innovative, and systematic ways to implement intrapreneurial practices in universities.

Resumo As Parcerias Público Privadas (PPP) ficaram conhecidas como uma das alternativas para aumentar a eficiência dos controles de fronteira. Controles excessivos, falta de cooperação e procedimentos burocráticos podem atrapalhar o comércio em operações globais. Por outro lado, a Facilitação Comercial (FC) é uma resposta ao crescimento das operações de cadeias de suprimentos internacionais. Já que FC envolve uma relação entre os agentes públicos e privados, alternativas para o plano do comércio internacional encontram respaldo nesse tipo de parceria. Contudo, simplesmente estabelecer uma relação entre as partes não é garantia de que todos os benefícios da FC serão atingidos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi propor um modelo teórico que consiga indicar quais sãos os fatores que mais influenciam o sucesso de PPPs voltadas à FC. As relações entre cada variável e o desempenho da parceria foram testados de forma a quantificar suas forças. De forma a validar o modelo proposto foi utilizado o método de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM, na sigla inglesa). Os resultados mostram quais são os fatores que mais influenciam o desempenho de PPPs, valendo-se do programa Operador Econômico Autorizado (OEA) como referência para programas de FC. Os dados foram coletados, tanto em nível nacional, quanto internacional, focando em profissionais dos setores público e privado que trabalham diretamente com FC ou possuem conhecimento sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores que mais influenciam o desempenho de parcerias voltadas à FC são, respectivamente, o microambiente, as habilidades das partes e o macro ambiente. Futuros programas de PPPs com ênfase em facilitação comercial podem se valer de modelos como esse para sua implementação.

Abstract Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become known as one of the alternatives for increasing the effectiveness of border controls. Excessive controls and the lack of cooperation can hinder trade in global operations. On the other hand, Trade Facilitation (TF) is a response to the observed growth in international supply chain operations over the last few years. Since TF involves a relationship between public and private agents, alternatives to solutions within the field of international trade fall into these types of partnerships. However, simply establishing a relation between both agents does not ensure that all of the benefits of TF will be reached. The objective of this research is to propose a theoretical model, one that can indicate which factors have the most influence over TF-oriented PPPs. The relationship between each variable and the performance of a partnership were tested. To validate the proposed model, we used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings show which factors influence the success of TF-oriented PPPs, using the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) as an example. The data were gathered both at the national and international levels, focusing on professionals from the private and public sectors who either work with TF within their regular functions or have expertise on the subject. The results show that the factors that have the most influence over the performance of TF-oriented PPPs are, in order, the "micro-environment", the "abilities of parties" and the "macro-environment". Further PPPs that focus on TF may consider this model for implementation.

Resumen Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) se hizo conocido como una de las alternativas para aumentar la eficacia de los controles fronterizos. Controles excesivos, falta de cooperación y procedimientos engorrosos pueden obstaculizar el comercio en las operaciones globales. Por otro lado, la facilitación del comercio (FC) es una respuesta al crecimiento observado en las operaciones internacionales de la cadena de suministro en los últimos años. Desde que FC implica una relación entre los actores públicos y privados, las alternativas al plan del comercio internacional son compatibles con este tipo de asociación. Sin embargo, solamente establecer una relación entre las partes no asegura se alcanzarán todos los beneficios de la FC. El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un modelo teórico que puede indicar cuáles son los factores que influyen en el éxito de las APP dirigidas a FC. La relación entre cada variable y el rendimiento de la asociación se ensayó. Con el fin de validar el modelo se utilizó el método de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Los resultados muestran los factores que más influyen en el rendimiento de las APP, aprovechando el Operador Económico Autorizado (OEA) como referencia para los programas de facilitación. Se recogieron los datos, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, centrándose en los profesionales de los sectores públicos y privados que trabajan directamente con FC o tienen conocimiento de ello. Los resultados mostraron que los factores que más influyen en las asociaciones orientadas a FC son, respectivamente, el "microambiente", las "capacidades de las partes" y el "entorno macro-". Futuros programas de APPs con énfasis en facilitación del comercio pueden considerar este modelo para su implementación.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos das características empreendedoras e do ambiente universitário na intenção empreendedora do estudante universitário. Foi desenvolvido e validado um modelo que considera o ambiente universitário, a autoeficácia e assumir riscos como influenciadores diretos da intenção empreendedora, e as características empreendedoras como influenciadoras da autoeficácia. A metodologia empregada foi quantitativa e os dados foram analisados por meio de Modelos de Equações Estruturais com a técnica de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS-SEM). A amostra utilizada foi composta por 287 estudantes universitários do último ano dos cursos de graduação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Os resultados indicam que a intenção empreendedora dos estudantes é influenciada pelo ambiente universitário, pela atitude em relação a assumir riscos e pela autoeficácia. A autoeficácia, por sua vez, é influenciada pelas características de planejador, liderança e inovador dos estudantes. A pesquisa colabora com reflexões complementares aos estudos sobre empreendedorismo, apresentando um modelo para avaliação das características empreendedoras dos estudantes e do contexto empreendedor das instituições de ensino, e comprovando que existe uma relação positiva entre o contexto e a educação empreendedora com a intenção empreendedora dos estudantes.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of entrepreneurial and university environment characteristics on the entrepreneurial intention of the undergraduate student. We developed a model that considers the university environment, self-efficacy, and risk-taking as direct influencers of entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial characteristics as influencers of self-efficacy. We employed quantitative methodology and data were analyzed by Structural Equation Models using the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) technique. The sample consisted of 287 students in the final year of undergraduate programs at the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). The results indicate that the entrepreneurial intention of students is influenced by the university environment and the attitude toward risk-taking and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy, in turn, is influenced by student characteristics regarding planning, leadership, and innovation. The research corroborates with complementary reflections on entrepreneurship studies, showing a model for evaluation of entrepreneurial characteristics of students and of the entrepreneurial context in educational institutions, and proving that there is a positive relationship between the context, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention of the students.

Resumo Apesar dos inúmeros benefícios que as Tecnologias de Informação (TI) - proporcionam a seus usuários, os efeitos adversos da utilização indiscriminada dos dispositivos tecnológicos pessoais no ambiente de trabalho é um tema pouco explorado. Este estudo analisa os aspectos individuais motivadores do uso particular de Tecnologias de Informação no trabalho e a relação da Distração Digital como um componente significativo sobre a perda de atenção dos profissionais durante a execução de suas atividades. A pesquisa evidencia que os aspectos ligados à dependência tecnológica são as principais causas do Uso Pessoal das Tecnologias no ambiente de trabalho. Entre esses motivadores, a perda do Controle do Impulso de uso da TI é o fator mais significativo ao Uso Pessoal das Tecnologias em ambientes profissionais, comparada a outros fatores analisados. A pesquisa também revela que a Distração Digital provoca significativa perda de concentração dos profissionais e que a Utilização Pessoal da TI no ambiente de trabalho é reflexo direto da redução do Engajamento do profissional no seu trabalho. Além disso, o estudo revela que o uso particular das aplicações que promovem interação social não é subterfúgio dos profissionais que manifestaram fraco Suporte Social dos seus pares no local de atuação profissional.

Abstract Despite the numerous benefits that Information Technology (IT) provides to its users, adverse effects from abusive use of personal devices in the workplace remains an unexplored subject. This research examines individual drivers of private use of Information Technologies at work and the relationship that Digital Distraction has as a significant component contributing to professionals’ loss of attention during their activities. Our results show that aspects associated with technological dependence are the main influences of personal Use of Technology at Work. Among these aspects, diminished Impulse Control is the most significant factor toward to the use of personal technologies compared to other factors. The research also reveals that digital distraction causes significant loss of professional concentration and that personal use of IT in the workplace is a direct effect of diminished professional engagement. Furthermore, the research reveals that personal use of applications that promote social interaction isn’t an escape for professionals who suffer weak Social Support from their peers in the workplace.

The objective of this work was to study which factors influence the use of e-government in Brazil, focusing on investigating government computerization initiatives of fiscal control mechanisms, through a study on the Nota Fiscal Paulista program. We interviewed approximately 3,500 citizens who have used the program, in 11 cities in the State of São Paulo. Of this total, 715 responses were considered valid. We used a quantitative methodology for the development of this research, through the multivariate analysis technique of structural equation modeling. The study presented a robust model with a high explanatory power, in which the influencing factors are: Perceived Benefit; Perceived Ease of Use; Social Influence; Perceived Security; Trust in the Government and Habit.

A finalidade deste artigo é apresentar uma defesa do uso dos estudos de caso único em pesquisa de gestão. A defesa é necessária porque essa modalidade de pesquisa tem sido relegada a um papel secundário, ou até rejeitada, por muitos pesquisadores, por considerá-la não científica. Uma evidência desse baixo status é o fato de que os journals acadêmicos mais reputados na área de gestão publicam poucos artigos baseados em estudos de caso único. No presente artigo, examinamos em detalhe as objeções ao uso de casos na pesquisa de gestão, mostramos os esforços desenvolvidos por alguns pesquisadores para responder a essas objeções e mostramos critérios de qualidade de pesquisa alternativos àqueles utilizados no chamado "método científico". Nossa análise sugere que um melhor entendimento - por pesquisadores de diferentes preferências metodológicas - dos argumentos que justificam cada uso particular do estudo de caso único como método de pesquisa permitiria um melhor diálogo entre pesquisadores e beneficiaria a pesquisa de gestão em geral.

The purpose of this article is to present a defense of the use of single case studies in management research. The defense is necessary because this type of research has been relegated to a secondary role, or even rejected, by many researchers, who consider it unscientific. Evidence of this low status is the fact that most reputable academic journals in management publish few articles based on single-case studies. In this paper, we examine in detail the objections to the use of such cases in management research. We show the efforts made by some researchers to answer these objections and we show quality criteria for research that are alternatives to the criteria used in the so-called "scientific method." Our analysis suggests that a better understanding - by researchers with different methodological preferences - of the arguments for each particular use of the single-case study as a research method would allow a better dialogue between researchers and benefit management research as a whole.

El artículo tiene por objeto presentar una defensa del uso de estudios de casos puntuales en la investigación en ciencias de la gestión. La defensa es necesaria porque este tipo de investigación ha sido relegado a un papel secundario o, incluso, rechazado por muchos investigadores que lo consideran poco científico. Una prueba de esta condición de inferioridad es el hecho de que la mayoría de las revistas académicas de renombre en ciencias de la gestión publican pocos artículos basados en estudios de casos puntuales. En este trabajo, examinamos en detalle las objeciones al uso de este tipo de caso en la investigación en ciencias de la gestión. Ponemos en evidencia los esfuerzos realizados por algunos investigadores para responder a las objeciones y exponemos criterios de calidad de la investigación que son una alternativa a los criterios usados en el llamado "método científico". Nuestro análisis sugiere que una mejor comprensión -por parte de los investigadores con preferencias metodológicas diferentes- de los argumentos relativos a cada uso particular de estudios de casos puntuales como método de investigación permitiría un mejor diálogo entre los investigadores y redundaría en beneficio de la investigación en ciencias de la gestión en su conjunto.

RESUMO O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar como as dimensões que tipificam o ambiente organizacional, aqui entendidas como direcionadores do uso de Tecnologia de Informação (TI), influenciam na estruturação de sua governança. Para tanto, o quadro teórico apoiou-se nas relações das dimensões do uso da TI por meio de direcionadores de mercado, organizacional, do indivíduo e de TI, bem como na visão de sua governança, baseada em estágios dos processos de decisão de TI, mapeando-os nas principais decisões críticas, que envolvem seus princípios, arquitetura, infraestrutura, investimentos e priorização, bem como aplicações de negócio. O estudo propõe um modelo teórico resultante da revisão da literatura específica que, por meio da estratégia de estudo de caso, foi aplicado em entrevistas com os principais tomadores de decisão da estrutura de governança de uma instituição de educação profissional, atuante em nível nacional, somado às informações baseadas em registros internos e observação não participativa. Obteve-se que as características de investimentos em TI influenciam positivamente as principais decisões sobre sua governança, por meio dos direcionadores de uso que envolvem a instituição e que estão presentes nos fatores externos que impactam as principais decisões críticas da área, influenciando-as, exceto às relacionadas aos princípios de TI. Verificou-se também que o contexto interno não influencia diretamente todos os aspectos das decisões sobre a governança. Por fim, percebeu-se que a TI não é vista como elemento capaz de estruturar os arquétipos de governança pelo seu uso, ficando definidos pela hierarquia organizacional da instituição.

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine how the dimensions that typify the organizational environment, here understood as drivers of the use of Information Technology (IT), influence in structuring their governance. So, the theoretical framework has relied on the relations of the IT dimensions use by market drivers, organizational, individual and IT, and in view of its governance, based on stages of decision-making IT, mapping them in the main critical decisions involving its principles, architecture, infrastructure, investment and prioritization, as well as business applications. The study has proposed a theoretical model resulting from the review of specific literature that by means of case study strategy it was applied through interviews with key decision makers of the governance structure of an institution of professional education active in the national level, coupled information based on internal records and non-participatory observation. It was found that the characteristics of IT investments have a positive influence in the key decisions on their governance, through the drivers of their use, involving the institution and that are present on the external factors that impact the major critical decisions involving the area, influencing them, except those related to the principles of IT. Also it was found that the internal context does not influence all aspects of decisions about its governance. And finally, it was noticed that information technology is not seen as an element capable of structuring the governance archetypes for its use, being defined by the institution's organizational hierarchy.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene por finalidad analizar cómo las dimensiones que tipifican el clima organizacional, aquí entendidas como gestoras del uso de Tecnología de la Información (TI), influyen en la estructuración de su gobernanza. Para ello, el marco teórico se basó en las relaciones de las dimensiones del uso de la TI por medio de la gestión de mercado, organizacional, del individuo y de TI, así como en la visión de su gobernanza, basada en los estadios de los procesos de decisión de TI, delimitándolos en las decisiones críticas más importantes que engloban sus principios, arquitectura, infraestructura, inversiones y prioridades, así como aplicaciones de negocio. El estudio propone un modelo teórico resultante de la revisión de la literatura específica que, por medio de la estrategia de estudio de caso se aplicó en entrevistas con los principales tomadores de decisión de la estructura de gobernanza de una institución de educación profesional que actúa en ámbito nacional, junto con informaciones basadas en registros internos y observación no participativa. Se observó que las características de las inversiones en TI influyen positivamente en las decisiones sobre su gobernanza, por medio de los gestores de uso, comprendidos en la institución y que están presentes en los factores externos que impactan en las principales decisiones críticas del área, y tienen influencia sobre ellas, salvo las que se relacionan con los principios de TI. Se constató también que el contexto interno no influye directamente en todos los aspectos de las decisiones sobre la gobernanza. Finalmente, se observó que la TI, en su uso, no se considera un elemento capaz de estructurar los arquetipos de gobernanza, sino que estos se definen por la jerarquía organizacional de la institución.