Abstract This study evaluated the effect of crude protein (CP) reduction in four diets (156, 139, 132, and 127 g Kg-1 DM) maintaining constant metabolizable protein (188 g/day) on the follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes of mid-lactating Girolando cows. Twenty-two Girolando cows with average of 21.55 ±3.19 L daily milk yield, 105.30 ±22.62 days in lactation and 3.22 ±0.03 body condition score were selected. To reduce CP in diets and maintain constant metabolizable protein, urea and soybean meal were gradually replaced by lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (SoyPass®, Cargill), resulting in an increase in rumen-undegradable protein and a reduction in rumen degradable protein. A linear and quadratic reduction was observed in the plasma and follicular fluid urea nitrogen concentration following CP reduction, with the most intense reduction occurring in the 127 g Kg-1 DM group (p<0.001). As CP reduced, there was a tendency for a linear increase in the follicular growth rate (P=0.0696), on the number and proportion of viable oocytes (P<0.09), and also a linear increase for the number (P=0.0397) and proportion (P<0.09) of grade I viable oocytes. Plus, there was a linear effect for the number of cumulus oophorus cells. Cows fed with the lowest amount of CP had cumulus-oocyte complexes with higher numbers of cumulus oophorus cells (P=0.0238). Also, the reduction of diet crude protein was followed by a decrease in the probability of oocytes’ DNA degradation. In conclusion, the reduction of CP in the diet of mid-lactating Girolando cows, reduces urea nitrogen concentration in both blood plasma and follicular fluid, and, as a consequence, increases the viability of oocytes and the number of cumulus oophorus cells while reducing oocytes’ DNA degradation of follicular included cumulus-oocyte complex. The reduction on dietary CP may improve in vivo oocytes’ embryo development impacting fertility of lactating dairy cows.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tamanho ótimo de parcela de três híbridos de girassol em três arranjos espaciais de plantas. O teste de uniformidade foi instalado no campo experimental da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, em Cruz das Almas, Brasil, em 2012. As parcelas foram compostas por seis linhas de 36 m, sendo dispostos três arranjos espaciais de plantas, quais sejam: A1 (0,45 mx 0,49 m); A2 (0,70 mx 0,32 m); e A3 (0,90 mx 0,25 m). Foram distribuidos em cada arranjo três híbridos de girassol: Hélio 250; Hélio 253; e Aguara 3. Para a avaliação do tamanho ótimo de parcela , aos 110 dias após a semeadura, foi colhida uma amostra de 180 unidades básicas (plantas) por parcela, no qual foram avaliadas a altura final de planta, o diâmetro final da haste e o diâmetro do capítulo. Foram simulados 31 tamanhos de parcela dos três híbridos e para cada variável analisada em cada planta considerada como uma unidade básica. A estimativa do tamanho de parcela para a cultura de girassol foi calculada pelo método de máxima curvatura modificada. O uso combinado do híbrido H253, instalado no arranjo de 0,45 mx 0,49 m, promoveu a obtenção do maior valor da máxima curvatura, estimando-se o tamanho ótimo de parcela de seis plantas.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimum plot size to three sunflower hybrids in three spatial arrangements of plants. The uniformity test was installed in the experimental field of the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, in Cruz das Almas, Brazil, in 2012. The plots were composed of six lines of 36 m, which were willing three spatial arrangements of plants: A1 (0,45 m x 0,49 m); A2 (0,70 m x 0,32 m) and A3 (0,90 m x 0,25 m), and each arrangement were distributed three sunflower hybrids: Hélio 250, Hélio 253 e Aguara 3. For the evaluation of the optimal plot size, at 110 days after sowing was harvested a sample of 180 basic units (plants) per plot, in which were evaluated the final plant height, the final diameter of the rod and the diameter of the chapter. Thirty-one plots sizes of three hybrids were simulated and for each variable assessed, wherein each plant was considered as a basic unit. The estimation of optimum plot size to the sunflower crop was calculated by the method of modified curvature maximum. The combined use of hybrid H253, installed in the arrangement 0.45 m x 0.49 m, promotes obtainment the greatest value of curvature maximum it was estimated the optimum plot size of six plants.

O conceito de campo organizacional vem sendo tratado com certo destaque na literatura sobre teoria institucional, nos últimos anos. Como o conceito de campo envolve uma dimensão relacional e outra simbólica, propomos que a teoria da estruturação, baseada na lógica de recursividade entre agência e estrutura, seja adequada para o entendimento do campo de maneira dinâmica. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente ensaio teórico é tratar a dinâmica do campo organizacional sob uma lógica estruturacionista, admitindo-se que a partir dela se resgata tanto a importância da prática no processo de estruturação do campo organizacional como o caráter histórico e recursivo, que tanto constrange como habilita as ações dos atores sociais. Para tanto, revisamos o conceito de campo em diferentes perspectivas de análise, refletindo sobre as implicações dos pressupostos teóricos de cada abordagem e, em seguida, discutimos criticamente a fundamentação teórica do processo de estruturação de campos organizacionais com base na abordagem estruturacionista. Concluímos o ensaio com proposições acerca da revisão do conceito de campo sob uma ótica multiparadigmática, na qual estrutura e agência estão recursivamente implicadas.

The concept of the organizational field has been greatly dealt with in the literature on institutional theory in recent years. As the concept of field involves a relational and symbolic dimension, we propose that the theory of structuration, based on the logic of recursiveness between agency and structure should be adapted to the understanding of the field dynamically. In this way, the objective of this theoretical essay is to deal with the dynamic of the organizational field using structurationist logic, allowing that from this logic we recall both the importance of the practice in the structuration process of the organizational field and the historical and recursive character which may constrain or enable the actions of social actors. To this end, we revise the concept of field in different perspectives of analysis, reflecting on the implication of the theoretical presuppositions of each approach and then discuss in a critical manner the theoretical foundation of the structuration process of organizational fields based on the structurationist approach. We conclude the paper with propositions pertaining to the revision of the concept of field from a multiparadigmatic viewpoint in which structure and agency are recursively implied.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência de valores ambientais e organizacionais sobre a aprendizagem organizacional em empresas do setor de alimentos no Estado do Paraná. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa procura integrar elementos cognitivos, culturais e institucionais na investigação da natureza desse fenômeno enquanto processo articulado no contexto social que envolve o conjunto das organizações. Dados primários e secundários foram coletados e tratados mediante uso de procedimentos de análise de agrupamento e de variância, com o propósito de explorar diferenças entre grupos de empresas com distintos contextos institucionais de referência, no que concerne aos atributos e valores do arquétipo de aprendizagem. Os resultados indicam que empresas com contexto institucional de referência de nível internacional apresentam maior grau de presença das características do arquétipo, revelando a dinâmica de relacionamento entre o plano da ação e o plano institucional, em que a aprendizagem organizacional pode ser compreendida enquanto meio e resultado recursivamente construídos.

This study has been carried out to evaluate the influence of environmental and organizational values upon organizational learning in companies of the food industry in the State of Paraná, Brazil. As such this research incorporates cognitive, cultural and institutional aspects into the investigation of the nature of this phenomenon as an articulated process in the social context embracing all organizations. Aiming to differentiate among groups of companies with distinctive institutional contexts of reference, regarding the attributes and values of a constructed learning organization archetype, primary and secondary data were collected and processed by means of cluster and variance analyses. The results indicate that companies who possess institutional reference context at an international level showed higher presence of archetype characteristics, revealing the dynamic of the relationship between the plan of action and institutions, in which organizational learning can be understood as recursively constructed means and results.