ABSTRACT Management of Quilombola systems are primitive agricultural systems based on the ancestral knowledge of Afro-Brazilian enslaved people. Here, the aim was to understand the impact of these primitive farming methods on the distribution of available nitrogen (N) forms in the soil profile of two Brazilian Cerrado phytophysiognomies. The soil was sampled in Cerradão (high Cerrado) and Cerrado Stricto sensu (low Cerrado) at six soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and 50-60 cm). The following management systems were considered: pasture (PP1 and PP2), maize cultivation (M1 and M2), citrus-cassava intercropping (T1), and citrus monoculture (T2). In addition, the soil was sampled in the native area of Cerradão (NC1) and Cerrado Stricto sensu (NC2). Three N forms were determined: i) available nitrogen (Av-N), ii) ammonium (NH4+-N) and iii) nitrate (NO3–-N) contents. The Av-N content decreased with increasing soil depth only in NC1 and NC2. The NO3–-N content was similar at all soil depths for maize and pasture, while the content decreased at soil depth for NC1, NC2, and T1. NH4+-N was similar in M2 and PP2, but it increased in T2, ranging from 6.17 mg kg–1 to 17.54 mg kg–1. Overall, the dynamics of available N forms varied according to the Cerrado phytophysiognomy and the management systems and NO3–-N was the most constant N form in the soil profile. Therefore, although the management of Quilombola systems is less intensive, they negatively affect the dynamics and N availability, mainly where management is less conservative, that is, in maize and citrus monocultures.

Resumo Introdução: O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública mundial, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco responsáveis pela morte evitável. Sua aceitabilidade entre os jovens é crescente, especialmente após a chegada dos cigarros eletrônicos, que têm se tornado mais aceitos que os cigarros convencionais. Sabendo disso e que as tecnologias eletrônicas são úteis no contexto do combate ao tabagismo e no fornecimento informações sobre os prejuízos do ato de fumar, fazem-se essenciais estudos sobre como o tema é discutido nas redes de apoio virtuais. Objetivos: Identificar e compreender as dificuldades enfrentadas por tabagistas que procuram apoio para a cessação do hábito na rede social do aplicativo QuitNow! Métodos: Estudo netnográfico realizado em março de 2023. Foram analisados e observados, durante quatro dias, os comentários publicados pelos participantes do aplicativo QuitNow!, os quais relataram diversos aspectos relacionados às dificuldades e fatores que impactam o ato de cessar o tabagismo. Resultados: Analisaram-se 447 mensagens publicadas no fórum de discussão do aplicativo QuitNow! e, 31 delas relacionavam-se às dificuldades de cessar o tabagismo, com uma média de 8 (6,93%) mensagens diárias sobre este assunto. Os comentários foram classificados em duas temáticas para realização da análise qualitativa, sendo a maioria deles relacionados à dependência física do cigarro (n=19) e à dependência psicológica e comportamental (n=12). Conclusões: As tecnologias exercem um papel fundamental no auxílio a cessação do tabagismo, porém os participantes da rede social investigada não identificam um método eficaz para a assistência ao paciente em momentos de fissura, muitas vezes, acompanhados de ansiedade e depressão. Os conhecimentos obtidos nesta investigação podem contribuir para que os profissionais de saúde possam elaborar e implementar estratégias de comunicação em saúde mais ampliadas, além de inspirar políticas públicas, no sentido de apresentar alternativas tecnológicas ou não de apoio a cessação do tabagismo.

Abstract Introduction: Smoking is a worldwide public health problem, being one of the major risk factors responsible for preventable death. Its acceptability among young people is increasing, especially after the arrival of electronic cigarettes, which have become more accepted than conventional cigarettes. Knowing this and that electronic technologies are useful in the context of combating smoking and providing information about the damage caused by smoking, it is essential to study how this topic has been discussed in virtual support networks. Goals: Identify and understand the difficulties faced by smokers who seek support for quitting the habit on the QuitNow! app's social network. Methods: Netnographic study carried out in March 2023. There were analysed and observed, fou four days, comments published by QuitNow! participants, who reported several aspects related to the difficulties and factors that impact the act of quitting smoking. Results: There were analyzed 447 messages published in the QuitNow! application discussion forum, and 31 of them were related to difficulties in quitting smoking, with an average of 8 (6.93%) daily messages on this subject. The comments were divided into two themes for carrying out the qualitative analysis, most of them related to physical dependence on cigarettes (n=19) and psychological and behavioral dependence (n=12). Conclusions: Technologies play a fundamental role in helping to quit smoking, but the participants of the investigated social network did not identify an effective method for patient care in moments of craving, often accompanied by anxiety and depression. The knowledge obtained in this investigation can help health professionals to design and implement broader communication and health strategies and public policies, in the sense of presenting technological or non-technological alternatives to support smoking cessation.

Abstract In the European Union, all medicines must include appropriate labelling and the respective patient information leaflet (PIL), which is the most reachable source of medicine’s information for patients. This document includes a set of information understandable by their potential users and complementary to the information provided by health professionals. The ageing of the Portuguese population raises the need for the appropriateness of medicine’s information for older consumers, taking into account their specific needs arising from physiological changes impacting drug action. This project aimed to analyse the content of medicines’ PILs, specifically directed at older persons. A sample of medicines was selected considering the 100 active substances more consumed in Portugal by patients with chronic pathologies such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. The analysis included readability, legibility, and content (directly and indirectly related to the use of medicines by older persons). A total of 69 PILs were analysed, and it was observed that the information provided about the drugs was included in most of these PILs (95.7%; n = 66) but without any specific information for patients belonging to different age groups. Signalling-specific warnings for older persons were only available in less than half of the PILs (46.4%; n = 32). The presence of relevant information on the appropriate use of the drug such as the recommended dose was only specified for older persons in 28% (n = 19) of the analysed PILs. The information available in PILs which can be considered as specifically directed to older persons is relatively scarce, even in areas as critical as the instructions for use. Hopefully, these results will contribute to increasing awareness regarding the need to adapt PILs’ content to specific consumers and to test them to guarantee that they are adequate for all potential consumers.

Resumo Na União Europeia, todos os medicamentos devem incluir rotulagem adequada e o respetivo Folheto Informativo (FI), que é a fonte mais acessível de informação sobre o medicamento para os pacientes. Este documento inclui um conjunto de informações percetíveis pelos seus potenciais utilizadores e complementares às informações prestadas pelos profissionais de saúde. O envelhecimento da população portuguesa suscita a necessidade de adequação da informação dos medicamentos aos consumidores idosos, tendo em consideração as suas necessidades específicas decorrentes das alterações fisiológicas com impacto na ação dos fármacos. Este projeto teve como objetivo analisar o conteúdo de FIs de medicamentos, especificamente dirigido a pacientes idosos. Foi selecionada uma amostra de medicamentos considerando as 100 substâncias ativas mais consumidas em Portugal por doentes com patologias crónicas como diabetes mellitus, hipertensão e dislipidemia. Esta análise incluiu a legibilidade (legibility e readability) e conteúdo (direta e indiretamente relacionado com o uso dos medicamentos pelos idosos). Foram analisados 69 FIs, e verificou-se que as informações fornecidas sobre os medicamentos estavam incluídas na maioria desses FIs (95,7%; n = 66), mas sem nenhuma informação específica para pacientes pertencentes a diferentes faixas etárias. As advertências específicas para idosos só estavam disponíveis em menos da metade dos FIs (46,4%; n = 32) analisados. As informações relevantes para o uso adequado do medicamento, como, por exemplo, a dose recomendada, só estava especificada para pacientes idosos em 28% (n = 19) dos FIs analisados. A informação disponível nestes documentos, e que pode ser considerada como sendo direcionada especificamente aos idosos, é relativamente escassa, mesmo em áreas tão críticas como as instruções de utilização. Espera-se que estes resultados possam contribuir para aumentar a consciencialização sobre a necessidade de adaptar especificamente o conteúdo dos FIs aos seus consumidores e de os testar para garantir que serão adequados para todos os potenciais utilizadores.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the feasibility of incorporating technology as a new alternative for treating topics on cervical lesions. Method: This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial with a prospective design. During the realization of this study, 43 women were included and divided between groups A (ointment without silver nanoparticles n = 23) and B (ointment with silver nanoparticles n = 20) clinically healthy and who used the unified health system. Results: There were no significant differences when comparing before and after the use of ointment for IVA test (p = 0.15), Schiller test (p = 0.15), cellular changes (p = 0.47) and microbiological analysis (p = 0.89) through cytology. After use, no adverse reaction was observed in the sample studied. Conclusion: Based on the results identified in this study, identified that the product is safe and does not promote adverse events. Regarding the effectiveness of the product in uterine cervical lesions, it is necessary to continue the study in phase II. Registro de Ensaios Clínicos Brasileiros: UTN: U1111-1218-2820.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la viabilidad de la incorporación de la tecnología como una nueva alternativa para el tratamiento de temas sobre lesiones cervicales. Método: Se trata de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado y con un diseño prospectivo. Durante la realización de este estudio se incluyeron 43 mujeres divididas entre los grupos A (pomada sin nanopartículas de plata n = 23) y B (pomada con nanopartículas de plata n = 20) clínicamente sanas y usuarias del sistema unificado de salud. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas al comparar antes y después del uso de la pomada para la prueba de IVA (p = 0,15), la prueba de Schiller (p = 0,15), los cambios celulares (p = 0,47) y el análisis microbiológico (p = 0,89) mediante citología. Tras el uso, no se observó ninguna reacción adversa en la muestra estudiada. Conclusiones: Con base en los resultados identificados en este estudio, se identificó que el producto es seguro y no promueve eventos adversos. Con relación a la eficacia del producto en lesiones cervicales uterinas, es necesario continuar el estudio en fase II. Registro de Estudios Clínicos Brasileños: UTN: U1111-1218-2820.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade da incorporação da tecnologia como uma nova alternativa para o tratamento de lesões cervicais. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado com um desenho prospectivo. Durante a realização deste estudo, foram incluídas 43 mulheres, divididas entre os grupos A (pomada sem nanopartículas de prata n = 23) e B (pomada com nanopartículas de prata n = 20), clinicamente saudáveis e usuárias do sistema único de saúde. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas na comparação entre antes e depois do uso da pomada para o teste IVA (p = 0,15), teste de Schiller (p = 0,15), alterações celulares (p = 0,47) e análise microbiológica (p = 0,89) por meio de citologia. Após o uso, não foi observada nenhuma reação adversa na amostra estudada. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados identificados neste estudo, identificou-se que o produto é seguro e não promove eventos adversos. Com relação à eficácia do produto em lesões cervicais uterinas, é necessária a continuidade do estudo na fase II. Registro de Ensaios Clínicos Brasileiros: UTN: U1111-1218-2820.

Abstract The aim was to study the genetic control of the agronomic efficiency at low N availability in maize. Experiments were conducted in seven environments in a square lattice design with 49 hybrids, consisting of 48 crosses and one commercial hybrid, evaluated with and without application of N in top dressing. Grain yields with (GYHN) and without (GYLN) application of nitrogen in top dressing were assessed, and these traits were used to calculate the agronomic efficiency at low N availability (AELN) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance (HMRP). According to the joint analysis of variance of the diallel crosses and the estimates of the general and specific combining abilities, these traits were highly significant. Note that in general AELN was controlled by non-additive genetic effects and the hybrids H7, H3, H47 and H10 and the lines IG3-2, IG3-1, IG4-5, IG4-1 and IG4-6 show higher grain yield without top dressing.

Abstract Purpose To test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in an online format in university students from a low-income region. Methods This was a psychometric study, involving a study of reliability ( n = 117) and validity ( n = 195) in university students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56. The scale was applied at two time points with an interval of 2 weeks. This scale measures satisfaction with life based on five statements and responses ranging from 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). We conducted the reliability assessment using temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity assessment by internal structure solution. Results All SWLS items showed acceptable (rho > 0.30) and significant ( p < 0.05) temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency (alpha > 0.70). In construct validity (internal structure), we identified a factor with an explained variance of 59.0% in the exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, in the confirmatory factor analysis, we identified a one-factor structure solution for SWLS with an acceptable model fitting (chi-square/degrees of freedom [ X 2/df] = 6.53; Tucker–Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.991; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.040; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026). Conclusion The Satisfaction with Life Scale, in the online format, is a reliable and valid tool for university students in a low-income context.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated how nutritional insults applied at different stages of intrauterine development affect the growth and development of total tract organs and the mRNA expression of genes that encode growth factors, tight junction proteins, digestive enzymes, and glucose transporters in the small intestine of newborn goats. Fourteen nulliparous dairy goats were assigned to one of two nutritional plans over gestation: maintenance-restriction (M-R, n = 8) – 100% of maintenance requirement from d 8-84 of gestation followed by feeding at 50% maintenance requirement from d 85 of gestation to parturition; or restriction-maintenance (R-M, n = 6) – 50% of maintenance requirement from d 8-84 of gestation followed by feeding at 100% maintenance requirement from d 85 of gestation to parturition. Fisher's least significant difference test was performed using SAS 9.4, considering a full fixed-effect model. When expressed per kg of body weight, the weights of the small intestine and total intestine were 18.7 and 18.1% lower, respectively, for R-M offspring. The lengths of the small intestine and the total intestine of the R-M newborns were 19.1 and 9.5% shorter, respectively. This group also had a lower villus height:intestinal crypt depth ratio. The R-M offspring tended to have lower Solute carrier family 5 member 1 (SLC5A1), Solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2), and Occludin (OCLN) mRNA expressions. Therefore, feed restriction in the first half of gestation is detrimental to the second half of gestation, reducing the offspring's intestinal absorptive area but enhancing their intestinal permeability.

Abstract Preventive maintenance is an important strategy to improve physical availability, reduce downtime and extend equipment life. In the context of mining, transport fleets are large equipment and are subject to unplanned events that, in turn, interrupt operation and lead to unavailability. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the main causes that influence the throughput of performance indicators of truck maintenance, focusing on the measurement of impacts caused by inefficiency of preventive maintenance. Thus, the data of 118 trucks were collected in 2022 and the performance calculated. The fleet CAT® 797F was prioritized was not adherent to the programmed, resulting in a production loss of 5,086,957 t o n s and, for maintenance, an unavailability was 9,722.88 h and 3,870 failures. Two evaluation requirements were proposed focusing on evaluating the notes and analyzing the adherence to the preventive. In summary, it was found that of the 783 scheduled preventive maintenance only 607 were performed and presented problems related to compliance with the guidelines. Finally, the inefficiency of the preventive ones generated an increase of more than 819 failures and an impact in the availability of 8.16%.

Resumo A manutenção preventiva é uma estratégia importante para melhorar a disponibilidade física, reduzir o tempo de inatividade e prolongar a vida útil dos equipamentos. No contexto de mineração, as frotas de transporte são equipamentos de grande porte e estão sujeitos a eventos não planejados que, por sua vez, interrompem o funcionamento e acarreta a indisponibilidade. Isto posto, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as principais causas que influenciam no desempenho dos indicadores de performance da manutenção dos caminhões, em particular, com foco na mensuração dos impactos causados pela ineficiência da manutenção preventiva. Desta forma, os dados de 118 caminhões foram coletados em 2022 e a performance calculada. A frota CAT® 797F, priorizada, não foi aderente em relação ao programado, acarretando numa perda produtiva de 5.086.957 toneladas e, para a manutenção, numa indisponibilidade foi 9.722,88 h e 3.870 falhas. Dois requisitos de avaliação foram propostos com foco em avaliar os apontamentos e analisar a aderência à preventiva. Em síntese, foi constado que das 783 manutenções preventivas programadas apenas 607 foram executadas além de apresentarem problemas relacionados ao cumprimento das pautas. Por fim, a ineficiência das preventivas gerou um aumento de mais de 819 falhas e um impacto na disponibilidade de 8,16 %.

ABSTRACT An adequate use of brackish water in agricultural production is one of the main challenges for researchers and rural producers, since saline stress may cause physiological and nutritional changes in plants, affecting the crop yield. An appropriate mineral nutrition is essential for plants, grown under saline stress, to express their productive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral nutrition and hydroponic kale production under saline stress and calcium nitrate. The experiment was carried out using one hydroponic system in substrate, following a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of five nutrient solutions, with a control treatment {S1 = standard nutrient solution using low salinity water, 0.5 dS/m [750 mg/L of Ca(NO3)2]}, and four nutrient solutions prepared using brackish water (6.0 dS/m) containing four concentrations of Ca(NO3)2 (S2 = 750 mg/L, S3 = 1,125 mg/L, S4 = 1,500 mg/L, S5 = 1,875 mg/L). We determined the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in leaf tissue at three evaluation times (50, 64 and 78 DAT). Mineral levels in the leaves, stem and root were also evaluated at the end of the experiment (100 DAT). In addition, leaf production and the agronomic efficiency of Ca(NO3)2 were verified. The highest leaf production (1780 g/plant) and agronomic efficiency [2.37 g fresh matter/mg of Ca(NO3)2] were obtained in the standard nutrient solution, and both were reduced at 55.6% by salinity. The extra addition of 50% Ca(NO3)2 in the saline nutrient solution reduced the effect of salinity on Mg absorption and the effect of NaCl addition on kale production.

RESUMO O uso de águas salobras na produção agrícola é um dos principais desafios para pesquisadores e produtores rurais, pois sob estresse salino as plantas podem apresentar alterações fisiológicas e nutricionais, que afetam o rendimento das culturas. Com isso, adequada nutrição mineral é fundamental para que as plantas cultivadas sob estresse salino possam expressar seu potencial produtivo. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a nutrição mineral e a produção de couve folha hidropônica sob estresse salino e nitrato de cálcio. O experimento foi desenvolvido utilizando um sistema hidropônico em substrato, seguindo o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco soluções nutritivas, sendo um tratamento controle {S1 = solução nutritiva padrão usando água de baixa salinidade, 0,5 dS/m [750 mg/L de Ca(NO3)2]}, e quatro soluções nutritivas preparadas em águas salobras (6,0 dS/m) contendo quatro concentrações de Ca(NO3)2 (S2 = 750 mg/L, S3 = 1.125 mg/L, S4 = 1.500 mg/L, S5 = 1.875 mg/L). Foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S no tecido foliar em três épocas de avaliações (50, 64 e 78 DAT), além de uma avaliação dos teores minerais nas folhas, caule e raiz ao final do experimento (100 DAT). As variáveis produção de folhas e eficiência agronômica do Ca(NO3)2 foram avaliadas. A maior produção de folhas (1780 g/planta) e eficiência agronômica [2,37 g matéria fresca/mg de Ca(NO3)2] foram obtidas na solução nutritiva padrão, e ambas foram reduzidas em 55,6% pela salinidade. A adição extra de Ca(NO3)2 em 50% na solução nutritiva salinizada reduziu o efeito da salinidade sobre a absorção de Mg e reduziu o efeito da adição de NaCl sobre a produção da couve.

Resumo Trachemys dorbigni é a espécie de tartaruga de água doce mais abundante do Rio Grande do Sul, no Sul do Brasil. Sabe-se que os quelônios são hospedeiros de uma grande variedade de patógenos, incluindo vírus, bactérias, hemoparasitos e helmintos. Dentre estes, oito gêneros de Polystomatidae (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea) infectam tartarugas de água doce: Apaloneotrema, Aussietrema, Fornixtrema, Manotrema, Pleurodirotrema, Polystomoidella, Polystomoides, Uropolystomoides e Uteropolystomoides. No entanto, pouco ainda se sabe sobre a biologia destes parasitos na Região Neotropical. Durante uma citoscopia investigativa, foram observados espécimes de Polystomatidae localizados no interior da bexiga urinária de T. dorbigni. Os espécimes coletados foram fixados e corados para identificação taxonômica. No presente artigo, uma nova espécie de Polystomoides (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae) parasitando a bexiga urinária de tartaruga de água doce da espécie T. dorbigni no Brasil é descrita. Polystomoides santamariensis n. sp. difere das demais espécies no tamanho dos espinhos genitais, que são maiores. Devido a enorme diversidade de tartarugas de água doce ao redor do mundo, é provável que um grande número de polistomatídeos de quelônios ainda seja desconhecido. Sabese Sabe patógenos vírus bactérias helmintos estes Platyhelminthes (Platyhelminthes Monogenoidea Apaloneotrema Aussietrema Fornixtrema Manotrema Pleurodirotrema Polystomoidella Uteropolystomoides entanto Neotropical investigativa T taxonômica artigo (Monogenoidea descrita n sp genitais maiores mundo desconhecido

Abstract Trachemys dorbigni is the most abundant freshwater turtle species in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Chelonians are known to host a wide variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, hemoparasites and helminths. Among these, nine genera of polystomatid flatworms (Monogenoidea; Polystomatidae) infect freshwater turtles: Apaloneotrema, Aussietrema, Fornixtrema, Manotrema, Pleurodirotrema, Polystomoidella, Polystomoides, Uropolystomoides and Uteropolystomoides. However, little is known about the biology of these parasites in the Neotropical Realm. Through investigative cystoscopy, specimens of Polystomatidae were located inside the urinary bladder of the host T. dorbigni. Retrieved specimens were fixed and stained whole mounts prepared for taxonomic identification. In the present paper, a new species of Polystomoides (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae) parasitizing the urinary bladder of a freshwater turtle of the species T. dorbigni in Brazil is described. Polystomoides santamariensis n. sp. differs from the congeneric species on the length of the genital spines, which are longer. Given the enormous diversity of freshwater turtles around the world, it is likely that a large number of chelonian polystomatids are still unknown. Sul pathogens viruses bacteria helminths Monogenoidea (Monogenoidea Apaloneotrema Aussietrema Fornixtrema Manotrema Pleurodirotrema Polystomoidella Uteropolystomoides However Realm cystoscopy T identification paper described n sp spines longer world unknown

Abstract The present study compared exercise and sports characteristics between subjects with Binge Eating Disorder (BD) classification and a health group without binge eating. A randomized sample of 111 participants (23.1± 7.6 yrs.; 1.6± 0.6 m; 77.0± 16.9 kg) were classified and separated according BD classification (non-binging= 47; moderate binging n = 30; severe binging n = 40). For this, the BD Scale, Self-perceived Performance Scale, and a Demographic Questionnaire obtained classifications about BD and characteristics of exercise and sports practices. Analysis indicated that the Body Mass Index (BMI) was different between groups (p ≤ 0.001). Non-binging, with 22.5± 5.1 index, presented lower values than severe binging, with 27.4± 4.9 index and moderate, binging, with 28.1± 8.2 index, while severe binging, with 6 (2; 6) hours/training, had a longer time than moderate, with 4 (2; 6) hours and non-binging groups, with 3 (2; 6) hours/training. With a 3 (2.5; 3) score, the severe binging group presented lower motor control performance than the non-binging with a 3 (3; 4) score. Thus, coaches and psychologists can develop strategies for specific eating disorders, considering present important factors in sports psychology to reduce BD and compensatory strategies.

RESUMO Obesidade leva ao acúmulo de gordura e disfunção do tecido adiposo. Compostos ativos foram descritos no óleo-resina de copaíba, que apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antimicrobiais e antioxidantes. Contudo, não há dados sobre os efeitos do óleo-resina de copaíba sobre o tecido adiposo. Assim, testamos a hipótese de que o óleo-resina de copaíba pode prevenir ou minimizar a obesidade, e inflamação e estresse oxidativo no tecido adiposo em resposta à dieta rica em sacarose. Ratos Wistar machos foram casualmente divididos para receber dieta padrão (C, n = 8), dieta padrão e 30% de sacarose na água de beber (S, n = 8), e dieta padrão e 30% de sacarose na água de beber + óleo-resina de copaíba (S+CO, n = 8). O óleo-resina de copaíba foi administrado via gavagem (200 mg kg-1 dia-1), por oito semanas. Animais dos grupos não suplementados (C e S) receberam veículo via gavagem, em volume equivalente ao oferecido ao grupo S+CO. Ao final do experimento, amostras de sangue e tecido adiposo epididimal foram coletadas para análises bioquímicas, inflamatórias e de estresse oxidativo. A suplementação com óleo-resina preveniu ganho de peso, adiposidade, resistência à insulina e aumento de IL-1β, inibiu parcialmente o aumento nos níveis de glicemia de jejum, lipídeos e níveis de IL-6 no tecido adiposo, além de melhorar o sistema de defesa antioxidante no tecido. Nossos resultados sugerem que o óleo-resina de copaíba pode ser usado como uma boa estratégia para a prevenção da obesidade e suas complicações.

ABSTRACT Obesogenic diets lead to fat accumulation and dysfunctional adipose tissue. Active compounds were described in copaiba oleoresin, which presents anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. However, there are no data regarding the effects of copaiba oleoresin in adipose tissue. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the copaiba oleoresin could prevent or minimize obesity and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in response to a high sucrose diet. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receiving commercial chow (C, n = 8), commercial chow and 30% sucrose added to the drinking water (S, n = 8), or commercial chow and 30% sucrose added to the drinking water + copaiba oleoresin (S+CO, n = 8). Copaiba oleoresin was given at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 day-1 by gavage for eight weeks. C and S animals received vehicle, at equivalent volume, by gavage. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and epididymal adipose tissue were collected for biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative stress analyses. Copaiba oleoresin supplementation prevented weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance, and increased IL-1β levels. Additionally, copaiba oleoresin partially attenuated the increase in fasting glucose levels, lipids, and IL-6 levels, and improved the redox status in adipose tissue. Our results suggest that the use of copaiba oleoresin could be a good strategy for prevention of obesity and its complications.

ABSTRACT Tifway 419 Bermudagrass is widely used on athletic fields, requiring irrigation and fertilization for its maintenance; however, little information is available for Bermudagrass management in tropical countries, as Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation frequency and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the development of Tifway 419 Bermudagrass. The experiment was carried in 2019, applying two irrigation frequencies (daily and every two days) and five N concentrations of 0, 42.19, 63.28, 105.47 and 126.56 kg N ha-1 divided into three 30-day increments. Photosynthetic pigments, grass height, accumulated dry mass, relative chlorophyll index, regeneration rate, root length, and dry mass of root, rhizome and stolon were analyzed. The best result was observed in between 63.28 and 105.47 kg N ha-1 (15% N) and irrigated every two days. The treatment maintains the green color of the grass. Maximum Bermudagrass regeneration rate was observed within this interval, and the root length and dry mass of roots, rhizomes and stolons were higher compared to the highest concentration.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores assimilados de elementos minerais, características de produtividade e qualidade do fruto de melão amarelo ‘Goldex’ fertirrigado com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio em dois anos de cultivo na região da Chapada do Apodi-CE. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x3 com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0%, 50%, 100%, 150% da dose recomendada) e três doses de potássio (0%, 100%, 150% da dose recomendada). Na parte aérea do melão, os maiores níveis de adubação nitrogenada (N Fert.) e potássica (K Fert.) proporcionaram um aumento do teor assimilado de nitrogênio (N) até 48 DAT e redução do teor assimilado de potássio (K) no final do ciclo (62 DAT). A produção máxima de massa seca da parte foi de 3,23 t ha−1 com uma adubação de 150 e 100 kg ha−1 de N e K, respectivamente. A produtividade de fruto comercial média obtida nos dois anos de cultivo foi 34,68 t ha−1 chegando a um valor máximo de 40,28 t ha−1 em adubação de 150 kg ha−1 de N e K. O teor de sólidos solúveis totais aumentou em função do aumento da N Fert. e K Fert. apresentando máximo valor 8,07 °Brix. Os modelos indicaram que o fator K Fert. foi determinante no aumento desta variável. Em futuros estudos é necessário aumentar as concentrações dos dois fatores a fim de otimizar a viabilidade máxima da produtividade e °Brix.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the assimilated contents of mineral elements, yield characteristics and fruit quality of ‘Goldex’ yellow melon fertigated with different doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in two years of cultivation in the region of Apodi Plateau-CE. The design was randomized blocks in a 4x3 factorial scheme with four N doses (0%, 50%, 100%, 150% of the recommended dose) and three K doses (0%, 100%, 150% of the recommended dose). In the shoots of the melon plant, the highest levels of N (N Fert.) and K (K Fert.) fertilization promoted an increase in the assimilated N content up to 48 DAT and a reduction in the assimilated K content at the end of the cycle (62 DAT). The maximum shoot dry mass production was 3.23 t ha−1 with a fertilization of 150 and 100 kg ha−1 of N and K, respectively. The average marketable fruit yield obtained in the two years of cultivation was 34.68 t ha−1, reaching a maximum value of 40.28 t ha−1 under 150 kg ha−1 N and K fertilization. Total soluble solids increased as a function of the increase in N Fert. and K Fert., with a maximum value of 8.07 °Brix. The models indicated that the K Fert. factor was decisive in the increase of this variable. In future studies it is necessary to increase the concentrations of the two factors in order to optimize the maximum viability of yield and °Brix.

Resumen. Árboles oruga, o simplemente oruga, son árboles tales que cuando les quitamos todas sus ramas (o arista final) obtenemos un camino. La cantidad de orugas no isomorfas con n ≥ 2 aristas es 2 n−3 + 2 ⌊(n−3)/2⌋ . Usando una nueva suma de grafos, introducida en este artículo, proporcionamos una nueva prueba de este resultado.

Abstract. Caterpillar trees, or simply Caterpillar, are trees such that when we remove all their leaves (or end edge) we obtain a path. The number of nonisomorphic caterpillars with n ≥ 2 edges is 2 n−3 + 2 ⌊(n−3)/2⌋ . Using a new sum of graphs, introduced in this paper, we provided a new proof of this result. MSC2010: 05C30, 05C76, 05C05, 05C60.