The species Tejidotaenia appendiculata (Baylis, 1947), a parasite found in teju, Tupinambis teguixin is redescribed and a new diagnosis is provided. The species is characterized by the anterior position of the ovary and the peculiar shape of suckers. It is the first record of this species in Brazil.

Keys to genera of cestodes in South American freshwater teleost fishes are provided, with diagnoses of genera and short descriptions of species. Two new genera are proposed, Chambriella gen.n. for Goezeella agostinhoi Pavanelli & Santos, 1992 and G paranaensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989, and Brooksiella gen.n. for Amphoteromorphus praeputialis Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974. Nomimoscolex magna Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974, previously species inquirenda, is transferred to the genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858. Goezeella nupeliensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989 is considered a species inquirenda. Species and host lists are included.

The morphology of the scolices and metascolices of 29 proteocephalid species, parasites of freshwater fishes from Brazil was compared by using scanning electron microscope, light and laser microscopy. The following species were evaluated: Proteocephalus vazzolerae, P. piramutab, Robertiella paranaensis, Travassiella avitellina, Monticellia loyolai, M. spinulifera, M. belavistensis, Houssayela sudobim, Zygobothrium megacephalum, Gibsoniela mandube, Cangatiella arandasi, Nomimoscolex sudobim, N. lopesi, N. admonticellia, N. piraeeba, N. pirarara, Harriscolex kaparari, Crepidobothrium eirasi, Spatulifer rugosa, Megathylacus brooksi, Choanoscolex abscisus, Amphoteromorphus peniculus, A. piraeeba, Paramonticellia itaipuensis, Peltidocotyle rugosa, Othinoscolex lenha, Rudolphiella rugata, R. piranabu, Jauella glandicephalus. Some features as overall shape of scolex, suckers, apical sucker, frontal glands and several kinds of metascolex were analyzed. The taxonomic importance of scolex and metascolex is discussed.

The morphology, ontogeny, life-cycles and distribution of species of the Order Proteocephalidea (Cestoda), is discussed. A brief historic of the classifications is presented. The actual scheme of taxonomy of WOODLAND (1924-1935) is criticicized and a new classification for the group is proposed. The phylogenetic uniformity of Proteocephalideans is reestablished with this classification. The genera of Monticelliidae (sensu Woodland) are transferred to the subfamilies Proteocephalinae and Corallobothriinae. Only one family is accepted in the Proteocephalidea. Proteocephalidae La Rue. 1911: with five subfamilies: Proteocephalinae. Corallobothriinae. Sandonelliinae. Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae.

The Monticelliidae species, Nomimoscolex admonticellia (Woodland, 1934), comb.n., parasite of Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix, 1829) a freshwater siluriform fish, is redescribed. This species is the type of the genus Myzophorus Woodland, 1934. The authors discuss the validity of this genus and propose its suppression. Their species are transferred to Nomimoscolex (Zigobothriinae) whose diagnose is modified to include: N. admonticellia, comb.n., N. pirarara (Woodland, 1935), comb.n. and N. woodlandi (Rego, 1984), comb.n.

It is described Megathylacus travassosi sp. n., parasite of Pseudoplatystoma corrusccans (Agassiz,1829), a pimelodid fish caught in Itaipu reservoir and Paraná river, Brazil. Nomimoscolex sudobim Woodland, 1935 is redescribed and for the first time referred parasitising P. corruscans. The list of proteocephalid cestodes of genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker, 1862, with its geographic distribution is given.

Cestóides hiperparasitos são descritos de espécies de proteocefalídeos, que ocorrem em peixes pimelodídeos de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Referimos ainda, a ocorrência de nematóide hiperparasito em espécimes de Choanoscolex abscissus, do peixe pimelodídeo, Pseudoplatystoma carruscans. São citadas as referências anteriores de cestóides e nematóides hiperparasitos, e discutida a possível identificação dos mesmos.

Proteocephalid cestode hyperparasite are reported from numerous proteocephalids occurring in pimelodid fishes in different regions of Brazil. In addition, three specimens of a nematode hyperparasite are reported from the proteocephalid cestode Choanoscolex abscissus from the pimelodid fish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans in Brazil. Previous records of cestode and nematode hyperparasite of cestode are listed, and the possible identities of the Brazilian records are discussed.

Foram recentemente descritas ninfas de pentastomídeos em roedor cricetídeo, Zigodontomys pixuma, identificadas erroneamente como pertencentes à espécie Armillifer moniliformis. O presente trabalho sugere tratar-se de Porocephalus,possivelmente P.crotali (Humboldt, 1808).

This note criticizes a misidentification of pentastomid nymphs identified as Armillifer moniliformis, found in a wild rodent, Zygogontomys pixuna from Bahia State. It is demonstrated that these nymphs belong to Porocephalus, probably P. crotali 9Humboldt, 1808).