Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92–2.31)/1.60 (1.27–2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55–1.47)/1.05 (0.55–1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08–2.51)/1.58 (1.28–1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02–2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2022.07.007

A adaptação de estudantes que chegaram à educação superior em Minas Gerais durante o ensino remoto
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Domingues, Sérgio

; Souza, Rita de Cássia de

; Melo, Carolina Silva Bandeira de

; Cruz, Beatriz Monteiro da

Educação e Pesquisa

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2023, Volume 49 elocation e266765

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This article presents a study performed in early 2022 with 186 students who started higher education at a federal university and in a private college – both in the countryside of Minas Gerais – during the remote teaching period, that is, 2020 and 2021. The research was carried out remotely by emailing a form to all participants and having an online discussion with two of them. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the students’ profile, their experiences during remote teaching, as well as of the reduced version of the Academic Experience Questionnaire – QVA-r, which aims to investigate the students’ experiences and adaptation to higher education. The data showed that students’ interpersonal relationships were affected by remote teaching. As for the personal dimension, measured by the QVA-R and related to mental health and wellbeing, it was severely impaired, which can be an effect of social distancing caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. On the other hand, it was surprising to observe how students and the educational institutions themselves developed ways of becoming close - not only in class but also extra-classroom - by using information and communication technologies to have relationships, even from a distance. The results also show that students considered that their learning had been negatively affected by remote teaching, and that, despite it being easy and convenient, they were eager for better learning with the return of face-to-face classes.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa desenvolvida no início de 2022, com 186 estudantes que ingressaram no ensino superior durante o período remoto, ou seja, 2020 e 2021, em uma universidade federal e em uma faculdade particular, ambas do interior de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi realizada de maneira remota com o envio de um formulário por e-mail e a realização de uma roda de conversa online com duas estudantes. O questionário continha perguntas sobre o perfil dos estudantes, suas experiências no ensino remoto e o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas reduzido – QVA-r que tem por objetivo investigar as vivências e a adaptação de estudantes ao ensino superior. Os dados mostraram que as relações interpessoais dos estudantes foram afetadas pelo ensino remoto e a dimensão pessoal, medida pelo QVA-r e relacionada com a saúde mental e bem-estar, estava bastante prejudicada, o que pode ser um efeito do distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia do Covid-19. Por outro lado, surpreendeu o quanto os estudantes e as próprias instituições de ensino criaram meios de aproximação, tanto intra quanto extraclasse, utilizando as tecnologias de informação e comunicação para criar conexões, mesmo à distância. Os resultados mostram, ainda, que os estudantes consideravam que a aprendizagem tinha sido prejudicada pelo ensino remoto e que, apesar de suas facilidades e comodidade, estavam ansiosos por uma melhor aprendizagem com o retorno das aulas presenciais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-4634202349266765por

Phenotyping methods and phenological stages to quantify the root system of common bean
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Cerutti, Paulo Henrique

; Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Carbonari, Luan Tiago dos Santos

; Schwarzer, Pedro Antonio

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

; Primieri, Silmar

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 58 elocation e03169

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate root phenotyping methods and the ideal phenological stage to quantify the root system of fixed and segregating common bean populations, in order to select superior genotypes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the treatments consisted of six genotypes, the Shovelomics and WinRHIZO root phenotyping methods, and the V4-4, R6, and R8 phenological stages. The simple lattice experimental design was used to evaluate the following variables: basal root angle, vertical root length, left and right horizontal root length, total root length, projected area, and root average volume and diameter. For all variables, there was a significant interaction between phenotyping methods and phenological stages, showing their influence on root system evaluation. The Shovelomics and WinRHIZO phenotyping methods are efficient in quantifying the root system of common bean plants and show specificity for phenological stages, regardless of the genotype. The quantification of the root system of fixed and segregating genotypes is analogous in both methods. The Shovelomics method is more efficient in evaluating the root system of common bean at the R8 stage, and the WinRHIZO method, at the R6 stage.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos de fenotipagem de raízes e o estádio fenológico ideal para quantificação do sistema radicular de populações fixas e segregantes de feijoeiro, para selecionar genótipos superiores. O experimento foi realizado em dois municípios do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, e os tratamentos consistiram em seis genótipos, nos métodos de fenotipagem Shovelomics e WinRHIZO, e nos estádios fenológicos V4-4, R6 e R8. O delineamento experimental látice simples foi utilizado para avaliar as seguintes variáveis: ângulo de raiz basal, comprimento vertical das raízes, comprimento horizontal esquerdo e direito das raízes, comprimento total das raízes, área projetada, e volume e diâmetro médio de raízes. Para todas as variáveis, houve interação significativa entre os métodos de fenotipagem e os estádios fenológicos, o que mostra a influência desses na avaliação do sistema radicular. Os métodos de fenotipagem Shovelomics e WinRHIZO são eficientes para a quantificação do sistema radicular do feijoeiro e apresentam especificidade para o estádio fenológico, independentemente do genótipo. A quantificação do sistema radicular de genótipos fixos e segregantes é análoga em ambos os métodos. O método Shovelomics é mais eficiente para avaliar o sistema radicular do feijoeiro na fase R8, e o método WinRHIZO, na fase R6.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03169

Heterotic groups of onions (Allium cepa L.) for the development of low-pungency hybrids
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SARAIVA, FÁTIMA ROSANGELA DE SOUZA

; MELO, RITA CAROLINA DE

; CERUTTI, PAULO HENRIQUE

; COIMBRA, JEFFERSON LUÍS MEIRELLES

; ALVES, DANIEL PEDROSA

; GUIDOLIN, ALTAMIR FREDERICO

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas

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Abr 2022, Volume 16 Nº 1 elocation e13584

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN La creciente demanda por cultivares de cebolla de baja pungencia ha abierto nuevos nichos de mercado. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar grupos heteróticos de cebolla para el desarrollo de cultivares híbridos con baja pungencia. Se realizó un experimento de campo con un diseño de bloques al azar con dos factores (genotipo y fertilización) dispuestos en parcelas divididas en Ituporanga-SC (Brasil), en 2019. Las parcelas correspondieron a dos niveles de fertilización (con y sin azufre) y las subparcela a vinteseis genotipos de cebolla, considerando germoplasma procedente de líneas androestéreles-LA y mantenedoras-LB, poblaciones avanzadas y cultivares. Los bulbos fueron evaluados por las características: ácido pirúvico (indicador de pulgencia), contenido de azufre y rendimiento de bulbo. Los genotipos revelaron un comportamiento diferencial según el nível de fertilización adoptado. En la condición sin azufre cuatro grupos heteróticos fueron identificados, los cruzamientos LA11 × LB24 y LA15 × LB19 pueden generar variación genética y la respectiva selección negativa para la pungencia y positiva para la productividad de bulbos.

ABSTRACT The growing demand for low-pungency cultivars onion has opened new market niches. The objective of this study was to characterize heterotic onion groups to develop low-pungency hybrid cultivars. A field experiment with a randomized block design and two factors (genotype and fertilization) arranged in split plots was carried out in Ituporanga-SC (Brazil), in 2019. The plots corresponded to two fertilization levels (with and without sulfur), and the subplots corresponded to 26 onion genotypes, where the germplasm was derived from different (male-sterile-LA and maintainer-LB) lines, advanced populations and cultivars. The bulbs were evaluated for the following traits: pyruvic acid (indicator of pungency), sulfur content and bulb yield. The genotype performance differed according to the fertilization level. In the sulfur-free treatments, four heterotic groups were identified. The genetic variation in the crosses LA11 × LB24 and LA15 × LB19 could be exploited for negative selection for pungency and positive selection for bulb yield.

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13584

Caviano: black bean cultivar with large root system and wide adaptability
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Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Cerutti, Paulo Henrique

; Carbonari, Luan Tiago dos Santos

; Schwarzer, Pedro Antonio

; Kavalco, Sydney Antonio

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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2022, Volume 22 Nº 2 elocation e419322211

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract ‘Caviano’ is a black bean cultivar recommended for Santa Catarina, for being highly adaptable to the main grain-producing regions of the state (mean grain yield 2315 kg ha-1). Compared to previously released cultivars, Caviano has a larger root system and desirable characteristics for mechanical harvesting.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332022v22n2c21

Heterosis for the root distribution trait in common bean
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Grigolo, Sibila

; Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Fioreze, Ana Carolina da Costa Lara

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy

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2021, Volume 43 elocation e46712

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. Heterosis has been one of the most studied phenomena since genetic studies were conceived. Knowledge of this phenomenon for the root distribution trait in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can favour the development of genotypes that are more tolerant to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of heterosis for the root distribution trait in hybrid F1 populations of common bean derived from crosses within and between gene groups. Thirty-six populations (six parents and 30 hybrids) were evaluated under field conditions in the agricultural years 2016/17 and 2017/18. The root distribution was assessed with the adapted Bohm method. The genotypes responded similarly to environmental changes (absence of an interaction). However, the root distribution differed significantly between the agricultural years. Comparisons between the mean of hybrids from crosses within each gene pool and the mean of parents did not reveal heterosis. The comparisons between gene groups showed significant differences only between BRS Embaixador x IPR Uirapuru, CBS 14 x IPR Uirapuru, and BAF 53 x IPR Uirapuru and the mean of parents. The absence of heterosis in the root trait can be explained by the degree of kinship between the gene groups, as well as some epistatic interactions.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.46712 503 downloads

Identification of superior progenies between common bean gene groups for root system obtained by recurrent selection
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Cerutti, Paulo Henrique

; Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Silva, Jucimara Alves

; Fioreze, Ana Carolina da Costa Lara

; Primieri, Silmar

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Bragantia

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2021, Volume 80 elocation e1521

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Genetic variability is essential for gains in breeding programs. The cyclic process of progeny recombination is a strategy to raise the chances of selecting better genotype combinations. The objective of this study was to identify superior progenies between common bean genes groups in first recurrent selection cycle for root system traits. Parents of the Andean and Middle American gene groups were hybridized in a complete diallel scheme. Thereafter, the parents and F1 and F2 populations were planted in the field. To establish the base population of recurrent selection (C0), seven segregating populations (F2) with superior performance for root system were selected and intercrossed, resulting in recombinant progenies (C1). To estimate the selection gain, the parents and C0 and C1 genotypes were compared with regard to the following variables: total root length (TRL, cm), projected root area (PRA, cm2), root volume (VOL, cm3) and number of root tips (RT). The difference between genotype combinations indicates the presence of genetic variability and effectiveness of recurrent selection. The mean genetic progress for root system-related traits was 12.9% (TRL), 12.6% (PRA), 12% (VOL) and 11.5% (RT) in the first recombination cycle. The mean phenotypic performance of seven of the C1 progenies exceeded that of their parents for all root system traits. These progenies are promising as base populations of the next selection cycle.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200487 494 downloads

Combining ability between common bean gene groups for root distribution trait
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Cerutti, Paulo Henrique

; Grigolo, Sibila

; Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Fioreze, Ana Carolina da Costa Lara

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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2020, Volume 44 elocation e011520

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Quando combinados distintos grupos gênicos por meio de hibridações, é necessário o conhecimento do tipo de ação gênica preponderante na expressão de um caráter. O entendimento dessa informação ampara melhoristas para a tomada de decisões nas etapas de condução e seleção de populações segregantes no decorrer do programa de melhoramento genético. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os efeitos da capacidade de combinação e ação gênica para a característica distribuição radicular dos grupos de feijão Andino e Mesoamericano. Seis genitores de feijão dos grupos andino e mesoamericano foram hibridados em esquema de dialelo completo, resultando em 30 híbridos F1. Os genitores e híbridos foram conduzidos a campo em delineamento látice simples. A característica alvo foi a distribuição das raízes, calculada como a quantidade relativa de raízes no solo superior. O efeito da capacidade geral de combinação foi significativamente maior em relação aos efeitos de capacidade específica de combinação (58%) e efeito recíproco (41%). As estimativas de combinações foram modificadas em função da ordem dos grupos gênicos utilizados. As combinações IPR Uirapuru x BAF53 (mesoamericano x andino), BAF53 x CBS14 (andino x andino) e CBS14 x IPR Uirapuru (andino x mesoamericano) foram as principais responsáveis por incrementar a média da característica distribuição radicular. No entanto, mesmo que realizando combinações entre grupos gênicos, a maior fração da variância genética foi relacionada a componentes aditivos (60%). Consequentemente, a ação gênica aditiva foi predominante na expressão do caráter distribuição radicular em feijão independente do grupo gênico utilizado.

ABSTRACT When different gene groups are combined by hybridization, the expression of predominant genes for a trait must be known. This understanding is fundamental to the decisions made by breeders in the stages of cultivation and selection of segregating populations during the breeding program. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of combining ability and gene action for the root distribution traits of the Andean and Mesoamerican common bean gene groups. Six common bean parents from the Andean and Mesoamerican groups were hybridized in a complete diallel mating scheme, resulting in 30 F1 hybrids. The parents and hybrids were planted in the field in a simple lattice design. The target trait was root distribution, calculated as the relative number of roots in the topsoil. The effect of the general combining ability was significantly higher than that of the specific combining ability (58%) and the reciprocal effect (41%). Particularly, the combination estimates were modified according to the order of the gene groups used. The combinations IPR Uirapuru x BAF53 (Mesoamerican x Andean), BAF53 x CBS14 (Andean x Andean), and CBS14 x IPR Uirapuru (Andean x Mesoamerican) mainly exhibited an increase in the mean root distribution. However, the highest fraction of genetic variance correlated with additive components (60%), even in crosses involving different gene groups. Consequently, the additive gene action was predominant in the expression of root distribution trait in common bean, irrespective of the gene group used.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202044011520 787 downloads

Statistical model assumptions achieved by linear models: classics and generalized mixed
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Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Trevisani, Nicole

; Santos, Marcio dos

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Revista Ciência Agronômica

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2020, Volume 51 Nº 1 elocation e20196716

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Naturalmente quando concluído a condução de um experimento agrícola e estando disponível o dado coletado referente a uma variável resposta, deve ser procedida a análise de variância. Entretanto, os testes de hipóteses desta análise revelam validade somente se as pressuposições do modelo estatístico forem asseguradas. Quando tais pressuposições são violadas devem ser aplicados procedimentos com o propósito de remediar este problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar como as pressuposições do modelo estatístico podem ser logradas por métodos “clássico” e “contemporâneo” e seus reflexos sobre o teste de hipótese da análise de variância. Dados oriundos de um programa de melhoramento genético, referentes ao tempo de cocção de populações segregantes foram utilizados. Foram propostas como soluções: i) Modelos lineares clássicos com transformação de dados e ii) Modelos lineares generalizados mistos. As pressuposições de normalidade e homogeneidade foram testadas por Shapiro-Wilk e Levene, respectivamente. Ambos os métodos foram capazes de lograr as pressuposições do modelo estatístico com impacto direto nos testes de hipóteses. As transformações de dados foram eficazes em estabilizar a variância. Porém, inúmeras transformações não apropriadas, podem ser aplicadas indevidamente e atender as pressuposições, causando distorções no teste de hipótese. Os modelos lineares generalizados mistos podem exigir maior conhecimento na identificação de linhas de programação, se comparado ao método clássico, mas permitem além da separação dos efeitos fixos e aleatórios, a especificação do tipo de distribuição da variável resposta e a estruturação dos resíduos.

ABSTRACT When an agricultural experiment is completed and the data about the response variable is available, it is necessary to perform an analysis of variance. However, the hypothesis testing of this analysis shows validity only if the assumptions of the statistical model are ensured. When such assumptions are violated, procedures must be applied to remedy the problem. The present study aimed to compare and investigate how the assumptions of the statistical model can be achieved by classical linear model and generalized linear mixed model, as well as their impact on the hypothesis test of the analysis of variance. The data used in this study was obtained from a genetic breeding program on the cooking time of segregating populations. The following solutions were proposed: i) Classical linear model with data transformation and ii) Generalized linear mixed models. The assumptions of normality and homogeneity were tested by Shapiro-Wilk and Levene, respectively. Both models were able to achieve the assumptions of the statistical model with direct impact on the hypothesis testing. The data transformations were effective in stabilizing the variance. However, several inappropriate transformations can be misapplied and meet the assumptions, which would distort the hypothesis test. The generalized linear mixed models may require more knowledge about the identification of lines of programming, compared to the classical method. However, besides the separation of fixed from random effects, they allow for the specification of the type of distribution of the response variable and the structuring of the residues.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200015 455 downloads

10.

Consideration of the appropriate variation sources of the statistical model and their impacts on plant breeding
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Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

; Trevisani, Nicole

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Kavalco, Sydney Antonio Frehner

Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy

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2019, Volume 41 elocation e39791

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. The present work has aimed to assess the consideration of the appropriate variation sources of the statistical model and their impacts on the conclusions plant breeding. The Value for Cultivation and Use test was conducted to assess three common locations (Lages, Ponte Serrada, and Canoinhas) and four non-common locations (Chapecó, Guatambu, Urussanga, and Campos Novos). The grain yields of six bean genotypes were evaluated in order to represent the imbalance between the common and non-common locations. The statistical analysis considered two situations: i) union of the location factors and cultivation years, with a single variation source called environment and ii) decomposition of the mean square values of the two factors, location and year. According to the simplified analysis (environmental variation source), the F test for the genotype factor was highly significant (p = 0.0006). On the other hand, the hypothesis test for the genotype factor was not significant (p = 0.7370) when the decomposition of mean squares was used. The simplified analysis presents some erroneous points, such as the use of a mean residue to test the hypothesis of the genotype factor, since this factor is composed of several sources of variation, and there is no exact F test. However, approximate F tests can be obtained by constructing linear combinations of average squares. This fact notes the relevance of considering the appropriate sources of variation within the statistical model, with a direct impact on the conclusions and recommendations of cultivars with superior performance.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.39791 682 downloads

11.

Inheritance of root distribution in common bean and selection strategy
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Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Trevisani, Nicole

; Corrêa, Sabrina Cristina

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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Dez 2018, Volume 18 Nº 4 Páginas 373 - 381

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective was to determine the predominant genetic inheritance in the trait root distribution in common bean and define the selection strategy. An experiment involving 40 genetic constitutions (segregating and fixed populations), was developed during the agricultural years 2014/15 and 2015/16. The experiment was arranged in a Federer's augmented block design with 3 replicates. The root distribution was evaluated by Bohm method. Estimates of mean contrasts between the F4 progenies and their parents did not reveal any significant differences in any comparison. The generations F5 and F6 presented the same behavior. The distribution of the component of the additive genetic variance was similarly conducted for the segregating generations. Thus, since the predominant inheritance of the root distribution is additive, the selection of this trait is recommended to be performed at the end of the breeding program.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332018v18n4a56 537 downloads

12.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among men who have sex with men in Central Brazil
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Castro, Lisie Souza

; Rezende, Grazielli Rocha de

; Fernandes, Fernanda Rodas Pires

; Bandeira, Larissa Melo

; Puga, Marco Antonio Moreira

; Tanaka, Tayana Serpa Ortiz

; Weis-Torres, Sabrina Moreira dos Santos

; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo

; Otsuki, Koko

; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Nov 2018, Volume 22 Nº 6 Páginas 472 - 476

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus discovered in humans and is endemic in several parts of the world. Because of risk behaviors, mainly sexual, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of acquiring HTLV-1 infection. A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection, to characterize genetically HTLV-1 sequences and to identify risk behaviors associated with this infection among MSM in Central Brazil. A total of 430 MSM were enrolled in this study and three were shown to be HTLV-1 infected, prevalence of 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.4-0.9). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HTLV-1 positive samples belonged to Cosmopolitan subtype Transcontinental subgroup A. Although the prevalence rate of HTLV-1 infection found in this study was similar to that observed among Brazilian blood donors, additional HTLV-1 preventive interventions need to be further implemented because this population is engaged in high-risk sexual behavior.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2018.11.003 557 downloads

13.

Mutation induction as a strategy to overcome the restricted genetic base in Physalis
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Trevisani, Nicole

; Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Bernardy, João Pedro Fossa

; Pierre, Patrícia Maria Oliveira

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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2018, Volume 40 Nº 3 elocation e-029

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A restrita base genética em fisális é um desafio a ser superado pelo melhoramento da cultura, na região Sul do Brasil, de modo a obter frutos com qualidade agronômica superior. Diante disso, objetivou-se induzir alterações genéticas em fisális para a seleção de populações com qualidade de fruto superior. Para tanto, sete populações de fisális foram submetidas à irradiação gama (0; 100 e 200 Grays – Gy), resultando em 21 populações. Houve diferença significativa para população, revelando a existência de variabilidade entre, pelo menos, duas populações. Por meio dos contrastes detectou-se diferença para: Colômbia01, Colômbia02, Caçador e CAV. A indução mutação foi eficiente em causar variações genéticas nestas populações. Para Colômbia01 (100 Gy), observou-se redução de 3,97 mm e 2,56 mm (200 Gy) no diâmetro polar do fruto (DPF). Já na população Colômbia02 (200 Gy), acréscimo de 2,99 mm no diâmetro equatorial do fruto (DEF) e de 4,90 mm no DPF. Para CAV (200 Gy), o acréscimo foi de 1,81 ºBrix. A indução de mutação foi benéfica nestes casos, porém a qualidade de frutos ainda é aquém do potencial da cultura, quando comparada a frutos oriundos de importação de países Andinos. Pode-se considerar que caracteres quantitativos, dentre os quais massa do fruto (MF) e sólidos solúveis totais (SST), e o grau de ploidia em fisális (2n = 4x = 48) reduzem a eficiência do agente mutagênico em causar variações.

Abstract The restricted genetic base in physalis in Southern Brazil is a challenge that requires genetic breeding for the achievement of fruits with superior agronomic quality. Therefore, genetic changes were induced in physalis for the selection of populations with superior fruit quality. To that end, seven populations of physalis were submitted to gamma irradiation (0,100 and 200 Grays – Gy), which provided 21 populations. Significant population difference was observed, which indicates the existence of variability between at least two populations of physalis. The contrasts showed difference for Colômbia01, Colômbia02, Caçador and CAV. The mutation induction was effective at causing genetic variations in these populations. For Colombia01 (100 Gy), it was observed reduction of 3.97 mm and 2.56 mm (200 Gy) in the transverse fruit diameter (DTF). In the Colombia02 population (200 Gy), there was an increase of 2.99 mm in the longitudinal fruit diameter (DLT) and 4.90 mm in the DTF. For CAV (200 Gy), it was found the increase of 1.81 ºBrix. Mutation induction was beneficial in these cases, but fruit quality is still below the potential of the crop, when compared to fruits from Andean countries. It is possible to suggest that quantitative traits, such as fruit mass (MF) and total soluble solids (SST), and the degree of ploidy in physalis (2n = 4x = 48) reduce the mutagenic agent ability to cause variations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452018029 1164 downloads

14.

Heterozygosity level and its relationship with genetic variability mechanisms in beans
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Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Trevisani, Nicole

; Pereira, Thayse Cristine Vieira

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

Revista Ciência Agronômica

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Jul 2017, Volume 48 Nº 3 Páginas 480 - 486

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Em plantas autógamas, a heterozigose é um recurso extremamente importante no início do programa de melhoramento, pois geralmente está associada a presença de variabilidade genética. A mutação induzida e a hibridação artificial podem aumentar a proporção de locos em heterozigose distintamente. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar populações segregantes e mutantes relacionando os mecanismos utilizados para geração de variabilidade com os respectivos níveis de heterozigose testados. Os tratamentos populações mutantes (M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 e M7), populações segregantes (F4, F5 e F6) e linhagens (BRS Pérola e IPR Uirapuru) foram avaliados por meio de uma análise multivariada e comparados por contrastes ortogonais. A análise discriminante canônica apontou quais variáveis-respostas contribuíram para diferenciação dos tratamentos avaliados. Todos os contrastes ortogonais envolvendo as populações mutantes apresentaram diferença significativa, exceto o contraste entre M2 vs. M3, M4, M5, M6, M7. O contraste ortogonal entre as populações mutantes vs. segregantes denota uma variação significativa de interesse ao melhoramento genético. Os caracteres de maior peso canônico neste contraste foram: diâmetro do caule (1,41) e número de legumes por planta (2,72). De modo contrário, o número de grãos por planta (-3,58) aproximou as populações mutantes e segregantes. Na comparação linear de médias F5 vs. F6 não ocorreu diferença significativa. Os caracteres são fixados precocemente nas populações segregantes, diferente do que ocorreu com as populações mutantes. Comparativamente, a mutação induzida proporciona mais locos em heterozigose do que a hibridação artificial. A pressão de seleção deve ser praticada diferentemente conforme o mecanismo de criação de variabilidade empregado no início do programa de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT Heterozygosity is an extremely important resource in early breeding programs using autogamous plants because it is usually associated with the presence of genetic variability. Induced mutation and artificial hybridization can increase distinctly the proportion of loci in heterozygosis. This study aimed to compare segregating and mutant populations and relate the mechanisms used to generate variability with their respective heterozygosity levels tested. The treatments mutant populations (M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 and M7), segregating populations (F4, F5 and F6) and lines (BRS Pérola and IPR Uirapuru) were evaluated by multivariate analysis and compared by orthogonal contrasts. The canonical discriminant analysis revealed which response variables contributed to differentiate the treatments assessed. All orthogonal contrasts involving the mutant populations showed significant differences, except the contrast between M2 vs. M3, M4, M5, M6, M7. The orthogonal contrast between the mutant and segregating populations denotes a significant variation in the interest in genetic breeding. The traits stem diameter (1.41) and number of legumes per plant (2.72) showed the highest canonical weight in this contrast. Conversely, number of grains per plant (-3.58) approached the mutant and segregating populations. No significant difference was observed in the linear comparison of means F5 vs. F6. The traits are fixed early in the segregant populations, unlike the mutant populations. Comparatively, induced mutation provides more loci in heterozygosis than artificial hybridization. Selection pressure should vary according to the variability creation mechanism used at the beginning of the breeding program.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20170056 3771 downloads

15.

Phenotypic correlation and direct and indirect effects of aerial part components with root distribution of common bean
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Velho, Luis Paulo Saraiva

; Gemeli, Murielli Sabrina

; Trevisani, Nicole

; Pereira, Thayse Cristine Vieira

; Cerutti, Paulo Henrique

; Melo, Rita Carolina de

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles

; Corrêa, Sabrina Cristina

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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Mai 2017, Volume 52 Nº 5 Páginas 328 - 334

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a correlação fenotípica e os efeitos diretos e indiretos dos componentes da parte aérea do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) que estão associados à distribuição radicular, para facilitar a seleção indireta quanto a este caráter. Utilizaram-se 16 genótipos, dos quais 12 são populações segregantes em geração F6 e quatro populações fixas, conduzidas em campo em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições. A avaliação do sistema radicular foi realizada conforme o método de Böhm. A correlação fenotípica de Pearson foi estimada por meio da análise de trilha. Os caracteres diâmetro de caule, índice de área foliar, inserção da primeira vagem e ângulo de raiz apresentaram as maiores correlações positivas com a distribuição radicular e podem, portanto, auxiliar a seleção indireta quanto a esse caráter. O efeito residual foi superior ao coeficiente de determinação, o que é indício de que as características independentes não têm influência total sobre a distribuição radicular, e os baixos valores dos coeficientes de determinação podem ser atribuídos a efeitos de ambiente, à competição por nutrientes e a diferentes mecanismos fisiológicos que controlam a expressão de vários genes com efeitos menores.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the phenotypic correlation and the direct and indirect effects of the aerial part components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that are associated with root distribution, in order to facilitate the indirect selection for this character. Sixteen genotypes were used, from which 12 are segregating populations in the F6 generation and four are fixed populations, which were conducted in field conditions in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates. The root system evaluation was performed according to Böhm’s method. Pearson’s phenotypic correlation was estimated by the path analysis. The characters stem diameter, leaf area index, first pod set, and root angle showed the highest positive correlations with root distribution and, therefore, may help the indirect selection for this character. The residual effect was higher than the determination coefficient, which indicates that the independent characteristics do not have a total influence on root distribution, and the low values of the determination coefficients can be attributed to environmental effects, competition for nutrients, and to different physiological mechanisms that control the expression of several genes with minor effects.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000500006 965 downloads

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