RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las variables hortícolas de la lechuga iceberg utilizando dos dosis de compost Bokashi, solo y en combinación, con el bioactivador Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®) frente a la fertilización mineral estándar (NPK) en tres ciclos de cultivo. Los experimentos se realizaron en un invernadero de plástico en la Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil (548 msnm). Los tratamientos fueron: control negativo (agua solamente); control positivo (NPK, 4-14-8); Penergetic solo; Bokashi en dosis de 5 y 10 g/planta con o sin combinación con Penergetic. Las plantas de lechuga se cultivaron en macetas llenas de tierra. Se evaluaron biomasa comercial (BC), diámetro de cabeza (DC), altura de planta (AP) e índice de clorofila (IC). En los tres ciclos evaluados, los tratamientos Bokashi 10 g/planta, Bokashi 10 g/planta + Penergetic y NPK superaron al testigo. En general, las variables estudiadas (BC, DC, AP y CI) en el tratamiento de menor dosis de Bokashi también fueron más altas que el control pero menores que con la dosis más alta de Bokashi y NPK. Penergetic aumentó la BC en el tratamiento con dosis más bajas de Bokashi solo en el primer ciclo de producción, probablemente debido al bajo contenido de materia orgánica en el suelo. El tratamiento Bokashi 10 g/planta mejoró significativamente las variables hortícolas de la lechuga frente al tratamiento de control y fue similar a la fertilización química en dos de los tres ciclos de cultivo.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to compare horticultural variables of iceberg lettuce using two Bokashi compost doses, alone and in combination, with the bioactivator Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®) against standard mineral fertilization (NPK) in three crop cycles. Experiments were conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil (548 m a.s.l.). The treatments were: negative control (water only); positive control (NPK, 4-14-8); Penergetic alone; Bokashi doses 5 g and 10 g/plant with or without a combination with Penergetic. Lettuce plants were grown in pots filled with soil. Commercial biomass (CM), head diameter (HD), plant height (PH) and chlorophyll index (CI) were evaluated. In the three cycles tested, the Bokashi 10 g/plant, Bokashi 10 g/plant + Penergetic, and NPK treatments surpassed the control. The studied variables (CM, HD, PH and CI) in the lower Bokashi dose treatment were also higher than controls but lower than higher Bokashi doses and NPK. Penergetic increased the CM in the lower Bokashi dose treatment just in the first production cycle, probably due to the poor organic matter content in the soil. The treatment Bokashi 10 g/plant improved significantly the lettuce horticultural variables vs. control treatments and was similar to chemical fertilization in two of three crop cycles.

ABSTRACT Background: Some studies have suggested the importance of vitamin D [25(OH)D] in malaria clinical practice. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the Amazon population is not well known, and there are few studies in patients with malaria. This study aimed to evaluate 25(OH)D serum levels in patients with malaria and determine their relationships with epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and parasitemia data. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of 123 patients with malaria and 122 individuals without malaria was performed in Itaituba, Pará, Brazil, from January 2018 to October 2019, by evaluating sociodemographic, clinical-epidemiological, parasitological, and laboratory data and adopting a 5% significance level. Parametric tests (Student's t-test), non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U), and Spearman’s correlation ([rs], for non-parametric variables) were used according to the nature of the distribution of the variables. For the qualitative variables, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the G test were used. Spearman's correlation was used to compare the results of the 25(OH)D levels and blood counts performed among patients and the control group. Results: Malaria patients residing in a mining area had 25(OH)D serum levels that were significantly lower than those in the control group residing in the mining area, though both were within normal levels. Red blood cell counts had an inverse correlation with parasitemia (Plasmodium falciparum), and platelet levels had an inverse correlation with parasitemia (Plasmodium vivax). 25(OH)D deficiency was evidenced in Itaituba, in the state of Pará, which is an endemic area of malaria in the Amazon region.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate different n6:n3ratios on performance, serum biochemical variables, and egg quality in 81-week-old laying hens. A total of 224 laying hens, 81-week-old Hysex White, were utilized and distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of seven treatments and eight replications of four birds per cage, totaling 56 cages. The experimental treatments consisted of seven different n6:n3fatty acid ratios: 1.0:1.0, 2.0:1.0, 4.0:1.0, 8.0:1.0, 16.0:1.0, 32.0:1.0, and 64.0:1.0. For diet formulation, sunflower oil, rich in omega-6, and linseed oil, rich in omega-3, were used. Productive performance, egg quality and serum biochemical variables of laying hens were evaluated at the end of the cycle at 26, 27, and 28 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted and orthogonal contrasts were used to obtain the sum of squares of the treatment of the analysis of variance in polynomial regression effects. Egg quality variables did not vary significantly between the diets. Therefore, diet supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids at different ratios was possible without altering egg quality. The only exception was Haugh unit, which displayed a quadratic effect indicating that the best value was the n6:n3ratio of 32, according to data significance. It was concluded that an increase in n6:n3ratios decreases laying hens’ feed intake. The n6:n3 ratio of 34.64 provides greater eggs’ Haugh units, decreasing from that value on. The ratios of n6:n3 did not influence the hens’ serum biochemical variables.

Abstract The Santa Catarina Island Bay (SCIB) contributes with the largest production of cultivated oysters in Brazil, which is almost entirely based on hatchery produced cultchless oyster spat, whose metamorphosis is induced by an epinephrine solution. A production scale experiment was carried out to analyze the technical feasibility of the spat-on-shell system in SCIB. The experiment was carried out for 47 weeks, involving an internal phase, the larval settlement, and an external phase, encompassing nursery and growth. Nursery periods varied according to the experimental treatments: T3W - 3 weeks; T5W - 5 weeks; and T12W - 12 weeks. T3W and T5W showed lower survival during the two-week period shortly after transfer of the cultch from the nursery to the grow-out phase, likely linked to premature exposure of the spat in the cultch strings to predators such as fish. The 12-week nursery period showed the best results with clusters with a median of 6 animals and 11.4 g of meat per oyster at the end of the experimental period. Future studies could verify whether longer nursery periods or alternative methods to avoid exposure to predators can outperform these results.

Abstract Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTP) is the third most com- mon neuroendocrine disorder, its main cause is parathyroid adenoma. Within the classification, those adenomas that weigh more than 3.5 g are classified as giant parathyroid adenomas (APG), and are associated with a worse evolution and malignancy. The purpose of this article is to present our diagnostic and therapeutic approach of a patient with HPTP associated with a mediastinal APG. A search in the international literature of the last 10 years revealed that only 8 other centers have reported the extraction of an APG of similar dimensions to ours and in a similar location. Case presentation: A 66-year-old woman with a history of multinodular goiter, thyroid profile and parathormone (PTH) measurement were requested, with a report of 350.60 pg/ mL. A thyroid/parathyroid scintigraphy was performed with 99mTc sestaMIBI which reported persistence of a focal area of the concentration located in the topography of the lower pole of the right thyroid lobe. This study was complemented with SPECT-CT, which reported an image of hyperfunctioning right inferior parathyroid compatible with adenoma and the patient was diagnosed with PTH. Finally, resection was performed, obtaining a tumor measuring 7.0 × 4.5 × 2.0 cm, with a weight of 24.5 g. Conclusions: Our case highlights the use of imaging studies to facilitate localization and achieve diagnosis together with clinical presentation and biochemical profile. Selective treatment was achieved safely through a minimally invasive transcervical technique, combined with the measurement of PTH.

Resumen El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTP) es el tercer trastorno neuroendocrino más común, cuya principal causa es el adenoma paratiroideo. Dentro de la clasificación aquellos adenomas que pesan más de 3.5 g se clasifican como adenomas paratiroideos gigantes (APG), se asocian a una peor evolución y malignidad. El propósito de este artículo es presentar nuestro enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico, en el abordaje de una paciente con HPTP asociado a un APG mediastínico. Una búsqueda en la literatura internacional de los últimos 10 años reveló que solo otros 8 centros han informado la extracción de un APG de localización y dimensiones similares al nuestro. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 66 años con antecedente de bocio multinodular, se solicitan perfil tiroideo y medición de parathormona (PTH) con reporte de 350.60 pg/mL. Se decidió realizar una gammagrafía tiroidea/paratiroidea con 99mTc sestaMIBI que reportó persistencia de una zona focal de la concentración localizada en topografía de polo inferior del lóbulo tiroideo derecho. Se complementó dicho estudio con SPECT-CT, donde se reportó imagen de paratiroides inferior derecha hiperfuncionante compatible con adenoma y se diagnosticó a la paciente con HPTP. Finalmente, se realizó resección obteniendo tumoración de 7.0 × 4.5 × 2.0 cm, con un peso de 24.5 g. Conclusiones: Nuestro caso destacó el uso de los estudios de imagen para facilitar la localización y lograr el diagnóstico aunado a la presentación clínica y el perfil bioquímico. El tratamiento selectivo se logró de manera segura a través de una técnica transcervical mínimamente invasiva, combinada con la medición de los niveles de PTH.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes períodos de jejum pré-abate (F1: duas a 24 horas e F2: 48 a 72 horas) nas contagens de micro-organismos indicadores de higiene e na presença de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de rãs-touro. Foram analisadas duas etapas do processo de abate: após a sangria (A) e após a toalete final da carcaça (B). As amostras de cada período de jejum foram utilizadas para contagem de indicadores de higiene (n = 30) e Salmonella spp. (n = 140). Para aeróbios mesófilos, a variação no tempo de jejum causou uma redução de 0,69 log10 UFC/g (P<0,05) em F2 quando comparado a F1 na etapa B do abate. Os coliformes a 35ºC e Escherichia coli não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os dois períodos de jejum analisados. Considerando a presença de E. coli, F2 resultou em uma redução de 30% (P<0,05) de positividade na etapa B. Para Salmonella spp., os resultados mostraram que F2 contribuiu para uma redução de 11,5% na presença desse micro-organismo na etapa B. Portanto, conclui-se que 48 a 72 horas de jejum pré-abate tiveram um impacto positivo na qualidade microbiológica das carcaças de rã-touro.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different periods of pre-slaughter fasting (F1: 2 to 24 hours and F2: 48 to 72 hours) on the counts of hygiene indicator microorganisms and the presence of Salmonella spp. in carcasses of bullfrogs. Two different stages of the slaughter process were analyzed: after bleeding (A) and after the final carcasses cleaning (B). Samples from each fasting period were analyzed to count hygiene indicator microorganisms (n=30) and Salmonella spp. (n=140). For aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, the variation in fasting periods caused a reduction of 0.69 log10 CFU / g (P<0.05) in F2 when compared to F1 at point B of the slaughter. Coliforms at 35º C and Escherichia coli showed no differences (P >0.05) between the fasting analyzed periods. Considering the presence of E. coli, it was observed that F2 resulted in a reduction of 30% (P<0.05) positivity on point B. For Salmonella spp., the results showed that F2 contributed to an 11.5% reduction in the presence of this bacteria at point B. (P<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that 48 to 72 hours of pre-slaughter fasting resulted in a positive impact on the microbiological quality of bullfrog carcasses.

Resumo O Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) é uma formulação fúngica indicada para o controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ruminantes e equídeos, recentemente autorizado para a comercialização no Brasil. Objetivou-se determinar a eficiência do Bioverm® contra larvas de nematódeos gastrintestinais após a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de bovinos. Foram utilizados doze bovinos divididos em dois grupos. No grupo tratado, foi fornecida, por animal, a dose única de 1g (105 clamidósporos de D. flagrans) do Bioverm® para cada 10 kg de peso vivo. Foram obtidas amostras fecais dos animais de cada grupo a partir de 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 e 72 horas após a administração. No ensaio A, 2g de fezes foram adicionadas em placas de Petri contendo meio ágar-água 2%. No ensaio B, foram realizadas coproculturas. Em ambos os ensaios, o pico de predação larval ocorreu em 48 horas após a administração do Bioverm®. No ensaio A, houve redução larval significativa (P<0,05) em 48h (88,2%). No ensaio B, as reduções significativas (P<0,05) ocorreram em 36h (43,7%) e 48h (82,3%). O Bioverm® apresentou elevada capacidade predatória após a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de bovinos, sendo eficaz no controle dos nematódeos gastrintestinais.

Abstract Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) is a fungal formulation indicated for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and horses, which has recently been authorized for commercialization in Brazil. The objective was to determine the efficiency of Bioverm® against larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Twelve animals were used, divided into two groups. In the treated group, a single dose of 1 g of Bioverm® per 10 kg of live weight (containing 105 chlamydospores of D. flagrans) was provided for each animal. Fecal samples were obtained from the animals in each group at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours after administration. In assay A, 2 g of feces were added to Petri dishes containing 2% agar-water medium. In assay B, coprocultures were performed. In both assays, the peak of larval predation occurred within 48 hours after administration of Bioverm®. In assay A, a significant larval reduction (P < 0.05) was seen at 48 h (88.2%). In assay B, significant reductions (P < 0.05) were seen at 36 h (43.7%) and 48 h (82.3%). Bioverm® showed high predatory capacity after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de tipos de mudas e idades da planta para a indução floral no desempenho do abacaxizeiro 'Vitória' (Ananas comosus). O experimento foi realizado de abril de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, com mudas de duas classificações diferentes (filhotes com 100 a 200 g e rebentão com 201 a 300 g). A indução floral artificial foi feita no oitavo, no décimo e no décimo-segundo mês após o plantio, e a indução natural também foi avaliada. Realizaram-se avaliações quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, à fenologia e à produtividade. Observou-se interação significativa entre os fatores estudados quanto à largura e à área da folha “D”. O tipo de muda não influenciou a produtividade. O florescimento natural estendeu o ciclo da cultura em 617 dias. A indução realizada no oitavo mês antecipou a colheita em até 167 dias. Induções mais precoces reduziram a produtividade em 58,15%, em razão da redução da massa dos frutos. Plantas induzidas naturalmente produziram frutos maiores, que variaram de 1,0 a 1,2 kg. As induções do oitavo ao décimo mês possibilitam colheitas em épocas mais favoráveis.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot types and plant ages for floral induction on the performance of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus). The experiment was carried out from April 2015 to December 2016, using shoots of two different classifications (slips of 100 to 200 g and suckers of 201 to 300 g). Artificial floral induction was performed at the eighth, tenth, and twelfth months after planting, and natural induction was also evaluated. Evaluations for vegetative development, phenology, and productivity were performed. A significant interaction was observed between the studied factors for width and area of the “D” leaf. Shoot type did not influence productivity. Natural flowering extended the crop cycle by 617 days. The induction performed at the eighth month anticipated harvest by up to 167 days. Earlier inductions reduced productivity by 58.15% due to the reduction of fruit mass. Naturally induced plants produced larger fruit ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 kg. Inductions from the eighth to the tenth month promote harvesting in more favorable seasons.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate diets supplemented with probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and organic acids (lactic, acetic and butyric acid) in attempt to replace the antibiotics and anticoccidial (avilamycin + sodium monensin) growth promoters on performance and economic viability of broilers challenged by Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. A total of 900 male Cobb® chickens, with a mean weight of 39.90g, were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement: supplementation or not of probiotic and organic acids and a treatment with inclusion of antibiotics, comprising five treatments with six replicates. For the studied performance variables, there was no effect of the isolated additives and no interaction between them (p>0.05). Only the antibiotics promoted better results for weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR). Therefore, the use of organic acids and probiotic, isolated or associated, provided lower performance to those receiving antibiotics, not improving the performance of chickens under the imposed challenge conditions. The highest revenues were generated with the use of antibiotics, providing greater profits.

The present research work was carried out with the aim of contributing to the study of the pharmacognostic characteristics and the quantification of total anthocyanins of the fruit Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cav.) McVaugh (Rosaceae) "capuli". The fruits were collected at Campana Village, north of Cajabamba, Cajamarca Region, and were identified in the Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) of the National University of Trujillo with register No. 58336. The pharmacognostic characteristics were got according to the method of Miranda M. & Cuellar A., obtaining organoleptic characteristics such as sui generis odor, reddish black epicarp color, green mesocarp color, sweet- sour flavor and smooth texture; the macromorphological characteristics, weight 1.6937 ± 0.2910 g, length 0.904 ± 0.075 cm and width 1.067 ± 0.121 cm in dimensions, fresh condition, ovoid shape and smooth surface, comply with quality parameters; physicochemical characteristics such as relative humidity 21.7153 ± 0.3585 %, residual humidity 6.4527 ± 0.2323 %, total humidity 28.1680 %, total ashes 1.3914 ± 0.006 %, water soluble ashes 0.6977 ± 0.1443 %, ashes insoluble in hydrochloric acid 0.3927 ± 0.2337 %, substances soluble in ethanol of 96° G.L. 17.4454 ± 0.2640 %, substances soluble in ethanol of 70° G.L. 16.8035 ± 0.7730, substances soluble in ethanol of 50° G.L. 16.0179 ± 0.3120, and water soluble substances 5.7206 ± 0.6862, were within the permissible range according to the pharmacopoeias; in the determination of heavy metals, we obtained concentrations of arsenic 0.1657 ± 0.015 ppm, mercury 0.0438 ± 0.005 ppm, lead 0.0032 ± 0.001 ppm and copper 0.0355 ± 0.002 ppm; in the phytochemical screening, we identified the presence of reducing sugars, phenols, amino acids and flavonoids as anthocyanidins. Likewise, the content of anthocyanins in the fruit was quantified obtaining a concentration of 10.7117 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside/g.

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de contribuir al estudio de las características farmacognósticas y la cuantificación de antocianinas totales del fruto dePrunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cav.) McVaugh (Rosaceae) "capulí". Los frutos se recolectaron en el caserío Campana, al norte de Cajabamba, región de Cajamarca, identificados en el Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo con el registro n ° 58336. Las características farmacognósticas se realizaron según el método de Miranda M. & Cuéllar A., obteniendo características organolépticas como olor sui géneris, color del epicarpio negro rojizo, color del mesocarpio verde, sabor dulce agrio y textura suave y lisa; las características macromorfológicas, peso 1,6937 ± 0,2910 g, largo 0,904 ± 0,075 cm y ancho 1,067 ± 0,121 cm de dimensiones, condición fresca, forma ovoide y superficie lisa, cumplen con los parámetros de calidad; las características fisicoquímicas como la humedad relativa 21,7153 ± 0,3585 %, humedad residual 6,4527 ± 0,2323 %, humedad total 28,1680 %, cenizas totales 1,3914 ± 0,2006 %, cenizas solubles en agua 0,6977 ± 0,1443 %, cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico 0,3927 ± 0,2337 %, sustancias solubles en etanol de 96º G. L. 17,4454 ± 0,2640 %, sustancias solubles en etanol de 70º G. L. 16,8035 ± 0,7730, sustancias solubles en etanol de 50º G. L. 16,0179 ± 0,3120, y sustancias solubles en agua 5,7206 ± 0,6862, se encontraron dentro del rango permisible según las farmacopeas; en la determinación de metales pesados se obtuvieron concentraciones de arsénico 0,1647 ± 0,015 ppm, mercurio 0,0438 ± 0,005 ppm, plomo 0,0032 ± 0,001 ppm y cobre 0,0355 ± 0,002 ppm; en el tamizaje fitoquímico se identificó presencia de azucares reductores, fenoles, aminoácidos y flavonoides como antocianidinas. Así mismo, se cuantificó el contenido de antocianinas en el fruto obteniéndose una concentración de 10,7117 mg de cianidina 3-glucósido/g.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: To compare perinatal complications in patients with eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and association. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a cross-sectional, comparative study conducted in women with eclampsia and / or HELLP syndrome and their perinates in Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca , Peru. Data obtained from 01/01/2015 to 12/31/15. Information processing was carried out with the Epi Info program version 7. The ANOVA and non-parametric χ2 with Kruskal-Wallis were used to compare groups, and a value of P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 71 women had eclampsia and / or HELLP syndrome of 3411 births. Perinatal complications such as prematurity, lower weight and height at birth and lower Apgar were significantly higher in HELLP syndrome than in eclampsia. Regarding prematurity, there were 30 (66.6%) in HELLP syndrome, 14 (70%) in eclampsia associated with HELLP syndrome and none in eclampsia (p = 0.01). Birth weight was 2133.5 ± 66.7 g in HELLP syndrome and 3083.1 ± 67.8 g in eclampsia (p = 0.001). Apgar was lower at minute and at 5 minutes in the combination eclampsia and HELLP syndrome than in eclampsia alone (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in mortality, IUGR, neonatal asphyxia, transient tachypnea, hyaline membrane disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, polycythemia, pathological jaundice or sepsis. The rate of cesareans in HELLP syndrome was 41 (91.1%) and in eclampsia 4 (66.6%) (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal complications are greater in HELLP syndrome than in eclampsia.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar las complicaciones perinatales en pacientes con eclampsia, síndrome HELLP y su asociación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y comparativo efectuado en mujeres con eclampsia, síndrome HELLP, o ambos, y sus neonatos atendidas en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca, Perú, entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2015. La información se procesó con el programa Epi Info versión 7. Se usó la ANOVA y χ2 no paramétrica con Kruskal-Wallis para comparar grupos, y se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 3411 nacimientos; 71 pacientes tuvieron eclampsia o síndrome HELLP. Las complicaciones perinatales de prematurez, menor peso y talla al nacer y Apgar más bajo fueron significativamente mayores en mujeres con síndrome HELLP que con eclampsia. En cuanto a prematurez hubo 30 (66.6%) casos de madres con síndrome HELLP, 14 (70%) con eclampsia asociada con síndrome HELLP y ninguno con eclampsia (p = 0.01). El peso promedio al nacimiento fue 2133.5 ± 66.7 g en síndrome HELLP y 3083.1 ± 67.8 g en eclampsia (p = 0.001). Hubo Apgar más bajo al minuto y a los cinco minutos en la combinación eclampsia y síndrome HELLP que en solo eclampsia (p = 0.002). No hubo diferencias significativas en la mortalidad, restricción del crecimiento fetal, asfixia neonatal, taquipnea transitoria, enfermedad de membranas hialinas, enterocolitis necrotizante, policitemia, ictericia patológica o sepsis. La tasa de cesáreas en síndrome HELLP fue 41 (91.1%) y en eclampsia 4 (66.6%) (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONES: Las complicaciones perinatales son mayores pacientes con síndrome HELLP que con eclampsia.

Chitosan is used in agriculture for its antifungal effect, lengthens the life of fruits and vegetables, it stimulates the growth of crops. Due to the need to increase crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.) this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating different times and forms of application of Quitomax® in the final plant height and yield components in cultivar ̏ INCA LP 5 ̋. This treatment was performed to the seed at a concentration of 1 g L -1 and foliar spray at a dose of 360 mg L -1 at two ages at 25 and 60 days after germination (dag). Statistical software STATGRAPHICS version 4.1 was used in the Windows environment to analyze the results. The best response of the cultivar was obtained when treating the seed and when they received the two foliar applications of Quitomax®

La quitosana es utilizada en la agricultura por su efecto antifúngico, alarga la vida de anaquel de los frutos y vegetales, estimula el crecimiento y rendimiento de los cultivos. Dada la necesidad de incrementar los rendimientos en el cultivo del arroz (Oryza sativa, L.) se realizó este trabajo con el objetivo de evaluar diferentes momentos y forma de aplicación del Quitomax®, cuyo principio activo es la quitosana, en la altura final de la planta y componentes del rendimiento del cultivar INCA LP 5. Para ello, se realizó tratamiento a la semilla con una concentración de 1g L-1 y aspersiones foliares a una dosis de 360 mg L-1 en dos momentos a los 25 y 60 ddg. Para el análisis de los resultados se empleó el programa estadístico STATGRAPHICS versión 4.1 en ambiente Windows. La mejor respuesta del cultivar se obtuvo al tratar la semilla y cuando recibieron las dos aplicaciones foliares de Quitomax®

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate tiller population of orchard grass seeded with perennial ryegrass and white clover in different proportions and single. Treatments consisted of the associations: 20-70-10, 70-20-10, 100-00-00, 40-40-20 % of orchard grass (OG), perennial ryegrass (RG) and white clover (WT) respectively. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block with three replications. The association 70-20-10 of OG-RG-WT had greatest tiller density of OG with an average of 3,750 tiller m-2, and the lowest in 100-00-00 with an average of 2,400 tiller m-2 (P<0.05). There were few tiller in perennial ryegrass in all associations, with an average of 225 tiller m-2. Two highest peaks in the tiller population in OG and RG were found in autumn and winter. Regardless of the association, in the spring season more weight per tiller was found with 0.30 and 0.42 g tiller-1, OG and RG and less in winter with 0.13 and 0.14 g tiller-1, OG and RG, respectively. In conclusion, all associations in population dynamics of OG tiller tended to be maintained; in contrast, on single OG and RG tended to decrease.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la densidad de tallos del pasto ovillo en monocultivo, y asociado con ballico perenne y trébol blanco en diferentes proporciones. Los tratamientos consistieron de las siguientes asociaciones: 20-70-10, 70-20-10, 100-00-00, 40-40-20 % de pasto ovillo (Ov), ballico perenne (Ba) y trébol blanco (Tr), respectivamente. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un arreglo de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La asociación 70-20-10 de Ov-Ba-Tr es la que presenta mayor densidad de tallos de Ov, con un promedio de 3,750 tallos m-2, y la menor densidad de tallos fue en el Ov en monocultivo (100-00-00), con un promedio de 2,400 tallos m-2 (P<0.05). La población de tallos en Ba fue baja en todas las asociaciones, en promedio de 225 tallos m-2. La mayor densidad de tallos en pasto Ov-Ba se presentó en otoño e invierno. Independientemente de la asociación en la estación de primavera se encontró mayor peso por tallo con 0.30 y 0.42 g tallo-1, en Ov y Ba y menor en invierno con 0.13 y 0.14 g tallo-1, en Ov y Ba, respectivamente. En conclusión, la dinámica de población de tallos de pasto ovillo tendió a mantenerse; en contraste, en pasto ovillo solo y ballico perenne disminuyó la población de tallos.