Abstract Background: Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-Cell lymphoproliferative disorder (PC-SMTLD) has been considered as a controversial dermatological disease that has been included in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma group, presenting most commonly as a solitary nodule and/or plaque with a specific and characteristic head and neck predilection. Due to the considerable overlap between PC-SMTLD and pseudolymphoma (PL), the differential diagnosis is often challenging. Methylation of DNA at position 5 of cytosine, and the subsequent reduction in intracellular 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) levels, is a key epigenetic event in several cancers, including systemic lymphomas. However, it has rarely been studied in cutaneous lymphomas. Objectives: The authors aimed to explore the role of differential 5-hmC immunostaining as a useful marker to distinguish PC-SMTLD from PL. Methods: Retrospective case series study with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis of 5-hmC was performed in PL and PC-SMTLD. Results: Significant decrease of 5-hmC nuclear staining was observed in PC-SMTLD when compared with PL (p<0.0001). By semi-quantitative grade integration, there were statistical differences in the final 5-hmC scores in the two study groups. The IF co-staining of 5-hmC with CD4 revealed a decrease of 5-hmC in CD4+ lymphocytes of PC-SMTLD. Study limitations: The small clinical sample size of the study. Conclusions: The immunorreactivity of 5-hmC in CD4+ lymphocytes was highly suggestive of a benign process as PL. Furthermore, the decrease of 5-hmC nuclear staining in PC-SMTLD indicated its lymphoproliferative status and helped to make the differential diagnosis with PL. © 2023 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knockdown of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) can induce N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of m 6A RNA methylation on atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque by FTO knockdown. Methods: A total of 50 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into pure high-fat group, sham operation group, vulnerable plaque group, empty load group, and FTO knockdown group (10 rabbits/group). Results: Flow cytometry showed that helper T (Th) cells in the FTO knockdown group accounted for a significantly higher proportion of lymphocytes than in the vulnerable plaque group and empty load group (P<0.05). Th cells were screened by cell flow. The level of m 6A RNA methylation in the FTO knockdown group was significantly higher than in the vulnerable plaque group and empty load group (P<0.05). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein C were higher at the 12th week than at the 1st week, but the high-density lipoprotein C level was lower at the 12th week than at the 1st week. At the 12th week, the interleukin-7 level was significantly lower in the adeno-associated virus-9 (AVV9)-FTO short hairpin RNA group than in the control and AVV9-green fluorescent protein groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: After successfully establishing a vascular parkinsonism rabbit model, m 6A RNA methylation can decrease Th cells and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

Abstract Aiming to provide a new way that preserves more active components in Eucommia ulmoides (EU) leaves, this paper utilizes 4 methods, i.e., microwave, steam, air heating, and frying, to process EU leaves before drying, and their respective effects on the leaves were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of EU leaves in vitro was measured by the DPPH free radical method; the contents of total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenols (TPC) were analyzed by spectrophotometry; and the contents of main active components were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the pre-process improved the quality of the EU leaves. As a simple and fast process, the microwave process is the most effective technique in the retention of flavonoids and four active ingredients except aucubin. High power (800 W) and short time (2.5 min) are more conducive to the retention of active ingredients, with high antioxidant activity. Appropriate steam and frying processes also exhibited benefits for the active components. In particular, the samples treated with steam for 10 minutes showed great potential for industrial application with the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Therefore, proper pre-processing before drying should be conducted to effectively protect the active components of EU leaves.

Abstract The woody oil industry generates a large amount of seed shell waste during its production. Therefore, this paper employs a central composite design (CCD) methodology to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process, thus utilizing the byproduct. The infrared spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis is adopted to explore the chemical structure and thermal stability of tannin. Besides, the tannin resin (TF) is prepared to elaborate its adsorbing performance for dyes in water. The results verify the role of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method in increasing yield rate. The optimal conditions are as follows: 60% ethanol as extraction solvent, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL), ultrasonic power of 160 W, and extracted at 80oC for 60min. The yield rate of tannin under such conditions stands at 32.04% (w/w). Temperature is vital for the extraction rate. Acer truncatum tannin as a condensed tannin, performs favorable thermal stability, and TF effectively absorbs cationic dye in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue peaks at 176.13 mg/g. Acer truncatum shell serves as a resource of condensed tannin, and Acer truncatum tannin resin can be potentially developed into a new biomass adsorbent.

Abstract Cordyceps militaris stromata on Antheraea pernyi pupae contain various active components, including cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the liquid culture conditions for C. militaris before its injection into A. pernyi pupae. A pH of 7.56 ± 0.02, a culture temperature of 20.5 ± 0.1 °C, a culture time of 110.5 ± 0.5 h, and a KH2PO4 concentration of 1.11 ± 0.01 g l−1 resulted in a C. militaris dry weight of 1.0226 g l−1. Experimental and predicted values were similar. The RSM optimization increased the number of fruiting bodies (17 to 22) and the average fruiting body length (6.9 cm to 7.9 cm), while also deepening the yellow colouration of the fruiting bodies. The adenosine, cordycepin, polysaccharide, carotenoid, and cordycepic acid contents increased by 12.52%, 7.67%, 3.03%, 14.93%, and 0.02%, respectively, after the optimization. However, the optimization did not alter the number of different amino acids (18) or the total amino acid content, even though the contents of certain amino acids changed somewhat. These finding may be useful for increasing the yield of C. militaris stromata on A. pernyi pupae, which will increase the profitability of C. militaris production.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The characteristics of basketball require excellent players with athletic abilities such as high explosive strength for the instantaneous jump up, flexible movements and quick changes of direction, and accurate passing and shooting. These characteristics can also be found in beach games, and it is believed that the practice of these games can benefit the practice of basketball. Objective: Explore the effect of beach training on the physical fitness of basketball players. Methods: Through a randomized controlled trial, 24 basketball players were selected to analyze the explosive power of the lower extremity in the 40m sprint race and in the vertical jump, two representative indicators of the explosive power of the lower limbs. The group teaching experiment was conducted for 17 weeks, five times a week. Results: The comparison in the statistical test of the 40m sprint, and the vertical jump before and after the experiment proves that, compared with the traditional practice of basketball, the practice of beach games has a beneficial effect on improving the explosive power of the lower limbs. Conclusion: Beach sports training has benefits for basketball practice; the characteristics on the beach basketball court and the playing characteristics of the athletes determined this. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las características del baloncesto exigen jugadores excelentes con habilidades atléticas como una gran fuerza explosiva para el salto instantáneo, movimientos flexibles y rápidos cambios de dirección, así como pases y tiros precisos. Son características que también se pueden encontrar en los juegos de playa y se cree que la práctica de estos juegos puede aportar algún beneficio a la práctica del baloncesto. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento en la playa sobre la aptitud física de los jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Mediante un ensayo controlado aleatorio, se seleccionaron 24 jugadores de baloncesto para analizar la potencia explosiva de la extremidad inferior en la carrera de velocidad de 40 metros y en el salto vertical, dos indicadores representativos de la potencia explosiva de las extremidades inferiores. El experimento de enseñanza en grupo se llevó a cabo durante 17 semanas, cinco veces por semana. Resultados: La comparación en la prueba estadística del sprint de 40 metros y del salto vertical antes y después del experimento demuestra que, en comparación con la práctica tradicional del baloncesto, la práctica de los juegos de playa tiene un efecto beneficioso en la mejora de la potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores. Conclusión: El entrenamiento deportivo en la playa aporta beneficios a la práctica del baloncesto, esto fue determinado por las características en la cancha de baloncesto en la playa y las características de jugabilidad de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: As características do basquetebol exigem excelentes jogadores com habilidades atléticas como alta força explosiva para o salto instantâneo para cima, movimentos flexíveis e mudanças rápidas de direção, além de passes e tiros precisos. Essas são características que também podem ser encontradas nos jogos de praia e acredita-se que a prática desses jogos possa trazer algum benefício para a prática do basquetebol. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do treinamento na praia sobre a aptidão física dos jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: Através de um estudo randomizado controlado, foram selecionados 24 jogadores de basquetebol para analisar o poder explosivo da extremidade inferior no sprint de corrida de 40m e no salto vertical, dois indicadores representativos do poder explosivo dos membros inferiores, foram selecionados. O experimento de ensino em grupo foi realizado durante 17 semanas, cinco vezes por semana. Resultados: A comparação no teste estatístico dos 40m de sprint e do salto vertical antes e depois do experimento prova que, comparado com a prática tradicional do basquetebol, a prática dos jogos de praia tem um efeito benéfico na melhoria da potência explosiva dos membros inferiores. Conclusão: O treinamento com esporte de praia traz benefícios para a prática do basquetebol, isto foi determinado pelas características na quadra de basquetebol de praia e pelas características de jogabilidade dos esportistas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most evident change during exercise is the increase in oxygen demand, and prolonged high-intensity exercises may impact this even more on this demand. Physical training with progressive loads is a method that aims to reach the training goals by adjusting factors such as initial load, stage load, and a load of the athletes and can be a monitor of the aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the athlete with potential benefits for the high demand of oxygenation. Objective: Study the changes in heart rate and indexes of cardiorespiratory endurance of sprinters under training with progressive loads. Methods: By random sampling, the study subjects were 15 male sprinters and 15 non-sportsmen as research volunteers. The study subjects performed a protocol with progressive load training on a platform. All subjects underwent the Italian Kosmai cardiopulmonary function test before and after training. Results: The subjects who did not practice the sport showed VO2 max values at an exercise intensity of 13 km/h. The VO2 max maximum for sprinters was 15 km/h. Individuals who were not sprinters generally showed lower VT levels than sprinters (P <0.05). Average non-speeder individuals demonstrated higher MET scores than sprinters. Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary endurance and energy metabolism levels are strongly related to long-term participation in physical activity and exercise intensity. Incremental load training improved cardiorespiratory fitness in sprinters. The results may provide a specific theoretical basis for the daily training of sprinters in the future. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La alteración más evidente durante el ejercicio es el aumento de la demanda de oxígeno y los ejercicios prolongados de alta intensidad pueden incidir aún más en esta demanda. El entrenamiento físico con cargas progresivas es un método que pretende alcanzar los objetivos de entrenamiento ajustando factores como la carga inicial, la carga por etapas y la carga de los atletas y puede ser un monitor del ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico en el atleta con beneficios potenciales para la alta demanda de oxigenación. Objetivo: Estudiar las alteraciones en la frecuencia cardíaca y en los índices de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria de los velocistas bajo tratamiento con cargas progresivas. Métodos: Seleccionamos a 15 velocistas masculinos y a 15 hombres no practicantes como voluntarios de la investigación mediante un muestreo aleatorio. Los sujetos se sometieron a un protocolo con entrenamiento de carga progresiva en plataforma. Todos los sujetos fueron sometidos a la prueba de función cardiopulmonar de Kosmai italiano antes y después del entrenamiento. Resultados: Los sujetos que no practicaban el deporte presentaron valores de VO2máx a una intensidad de ejercicio de 13 km/h. El VO2máx de los velocistas era de 15 km/h. Los individuos que no eran velocistas en general mostraron niveles de VT más bajos que los velocistas (P <0,05). La media de los no-principiantes mostró mayores puntuaciones MET que los velocistas. Conclusión: Los niveles de resistencia cardiopulmonar y de metabolismo energético están fuertemente relacionados con la participación a largo plazo en la actividad física y la intensidad del ejercicio. El entrenamiento de carga incremental mejoró la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria de los velocistas. Los resultados pueden proporcionar una base teórica específica para el entrenamiento diario de los velocistas en el futuro. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A alteração mais evidente durante o exercício é o aumento da demanda de oxigênio e os exercícios prolongados de alta intensidade podem impactar ainda mais nessa demanda. O treinamento físico com cargas progressivas é um método que visa atingir as metas de treinamento ajustando fatores como carga inicial, carga de estágio e uma carga dos atletas e pode ser um monitor do exercício aeróbico e anaeróbico sobre o atleta com potenciais benefícios para a alta demanda de oxigenação. Objetivo: Estudar as alterações na frequência cardíaca e nos índices de resistência cardiorrespiratória de velocistas sob treinamento com cargas progressivas. Métodos: Selecionou-se 15 velocistas do sexo masculino e 15 homens que não praticavam o esporte como voluntários de pesquisa por amostragem aleatória. Os sujeitos do estudo realizaram um protocolo com treinamento de cargas progressivas em plataforma. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos ao teste de função cardiopulmonar Italian Kosmai antes e após o treinamento. Resultados: Os indivíduos que não praticavam o esporte apresentaram valores de VO2max em uma intensidade de exercício de 13 km/h. O VO2max máximo para velocistas foi de 15 km/h. Indivíduos que não eram velocistas em geral apresentaram níveis de VT mais baixos do que os velocistas (P <0,05). Os não velocistas médios demonstraram pontuações MET mais altas do que os velocistas. Conclusão: A resistência cardiopulmonar e os níveis de metabolismo energético estão fortemente relacionados com a participação a longo prazo na atividade física e intensidade do exercício. O treinamento de carga incremental melhorou a aptidão cardiorrespiratória em velocistas. Os resultados podem fornecer uma base teórica específica para o treinamento diário de velocistas no futuro. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Although bivalirudin has been recently made available for purchase in China, large-scale analyses on the safety profile of bivalirudin among Chinese patients is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to compare the safety profile of bivalirudin and heparin as anticoagulants in Chinese ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1063 STEMI patients undergoing PCI and receiving bivalirudin (n=424, bivalirudin group) or heparin (n=639, heparin group) as anticoagulants were retrospectively enrolled. The net adverse clinical events (NACEs) within 30 days after PCI were recorded, including major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCEs) and bleeding events (bleeding academic research consortium (BARC) grades 2-5 (BARC 2-5)). The incidences of NACEs (10.1 vs 15.6%) (P=0.010), BARC 2-5 bleeding events (5.2 vs 10.3%) (P=0.003), and BARC grades 3-5 (BARC 3-5) bleeding events (2.1 vs 5.5%) (P=0.007) were lower in the bivalirudin group compared to the heparin group, whereas general MACCEs incidence (8.9 vs 6.4%) (P=0.131) and each category of MACCEs (all P>0.05) did not differ between two groups. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic analyses showed that bivalirudin (vs heparin) was independently correlated with lower risk of NACEs (OR=0.508, P=0.002), BARC 2-5 bleeding events (OR=0.403, P=0.001), and BARC 3-5 bleeding events (OR=0.452, P=0.042); other independent risk factors for NACEs, MACCEs, or BARC bleeding events included history of diabetes mellitus, emergency operation, multiple lesional vessels, stent length >33.0 mm, and higher CRUSADE score (all P<0.05). Thus, bivalirudin presented a better safety profile than heparin among Chinese STEMI patients undergoing PCI.

Abstract Based on the theory of single-phase elastic medium and unsaturated porous medium, the vibration isolation effect of composite multilayer wave impeding block (WIB) in the unsaturated ground under an underground dynamic load is investigated. The results show that the best vibration isolation effect can be obtained by designing the wave impedance ratio between the composite multilayer WIB and unsaturated ground. The composite multilayer WIB improves the vibration-damping bandwidth compared with the homogeneous WIB. The vibration isolation effect is better the closer the embedded depth of the composite multilayer WIB is to the vibration source, and its vibration isolation effect increases significantly with the increase of thickness, but when the thickness of the WIB exceeds a certain critical thickness, its vibration isolation effect decreases with the increase of thickness. Soil saturation has a significant effect on the vibration isolation effect of composite multilayer WIB in the unsaturated ground, and the composite multilayer WIB can achieve a better vibration isolation effect at low saturation. singlephase single phase (WIB investigated vibrationdamping damping source

RESUMO Objetivos: Investigar a incidência, fatores de risco e desfechos visuais do desenvolvimento da membrana epirretiniana após reparo do descolamento regmatogênico da retina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de 309 olhos submetidos à cirurgia inicial para descolamento regmatogênico da retina primário sem complicações. Os exames foram realizados no pré-operatório aos 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses pós-operatórios. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, dependendo da presença ou ausência de membrana epirretiniana. Resultados: A incidência de membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória foi de 28,5%; 42,7% desses pacientes apresentaram desenvolvimento grave da membrana epirretiniana e, portanto, foram submetidos à remoção desta membrana. A regressão logística mostrou que as lágrimas retinianas gigantes (RC: 2,66; 95% IC: 1,045 - 6,792, p=0,040) e lágrimas em ferradura (RC: 0,534; 95% IC: 0,295-0,967, p=0,039), foram preditores significativos de membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória. A coloração com acetonida de triancinolona foi significativamente associada à prevenção da membrana epirretiniana (p=0,022). Trinta e quatro pacientes apresentaram acuidade visual melhorada, ou igual, ou acuidade visual final melhor corrigida; 4 olhos foram avaliados na consulta final de acompanhamento e apresentaram redução da acuidade visual melhor corrigida. Conclusão: Nossa análise demonstra que as lágrimas de ferradura e as lágrimas retinianas gigantes representam fatores de risco para a membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória. A coloração com acetonida de triancinolona teve um efeito preventivo significativo na membrana epirretiniana no pós-operatório. Além disso, uma segunda rodada de vitrectomia pars plana, incluindo remoção da membrana, levou a uma melhora significativa da acuidade visual final melhor corrigida na última consulta de acompanhamento, embora a recuperação tenha sido limitada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and visual outcomes of epiretinal membrane development following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 309 eyes that underwent initial surgery for primary uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Examinations were conducted preoperatively and then postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The study patients were categorized into two groups depending on the presence or absence of the epiretinal membrane. Results: The incidence of postoperative epiretinal membrane was 28.5%; 42.7% of these patients had severe epiretinal membrane development and therefore underwent the epiretinal membrane removal. Logistic regression analyses revealed that giant retinal tears (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.045-6.792, p=0.040) and horseshoe tears (OR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.295-0.967, p=0.039) were the significant predictors of postoperative epiretinal membrane. Triamcinolone acetonide staining was significantly associated with the prevention of epiretinal membrane (p=0.022). A total of 34 patients showed a better or an equal final best-corrected visual acuity; of which 4 eyes were evaluated at the final follow-up visit and exhibited a reduced best-corrected visual acuity. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that horseshoe tears and giant retinal tears represent the risk factors for the postoperative epiretinal membrane. Triamcinolone acetonide staining had a significant preventive effect on the postoperative epiretinal membrane. Furthermore, a second round of pars plana vitrectomy, including membrane removal, led to a significant improvement in the final best-corrected visual acuity as per the last follow-up examination, albeit the recovery was limited.

Abstract To study the long-term clinical efficacy of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc with percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD). A statistics was conducted on 108 patients who had been treated with percutaneous laser disc decompression, the intervertebral height of related lesion spaces of patients in different time points after treatment and the intervertebral height ratio was calculated respectively; moreover, a statistics was conducted on VAS evaluation of patients in different time points, and the long-term efficacy after treatment with percutaneous laser disc decompression was evaluated with statistical method. The patients with follow-up period after operation respectively up to 5, 8 and 10 years and those in 3 years after operation were analyzed statistically in intervertebral height ratio and VAS scoring, and the difference was without significant statistical significance. Single-factor was analyzed to the factors likely to influence the effect of operation to get the authenticity of influence of age, disease duration and disease stage on the postoperative efficacy. Percutaneous laser disc decompression was featured by safety, efficacy and fewer complications in treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc, and also it had no obvious influence on the spinal stability, and long-term postoperative efficacy was stable.

Abstract Field muskmelon seeds contain plenty of oil. However, its potential as vegetable food oil has not been explored comprehensively. This study used three different processes, cold extrusion (CE), coasting followed by cold extrusion (R-CE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), for the extraction of field muskmelon seed oil (FMSO) and studied its quality characteristics such as color, fatty acid composition, and volatile components. The study found that FMSO is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and has a pleasant aroma. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that FMSO contains five main fatty acids, palmitic (11.85 ± 0.03 to12.52 ± 0.03%), linoleic (60.94 ± 1.31 to 64.78 ± 0.77%), oleic (16.64 ± 0.26 to 18.95 ± 0.47%), elaidic (0.85 ± 0.05 to 1.06 ± 0.03%), and stearic (5.67 ± 0.03 to 8.44 ± 0.06%) acids. The relative content of fatty acids showed significant variation depending on the extraction process (P < 0.05). Furthermore, volatile components were obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by GC-MS. In total, 42, 53, and 91 volatile components were identified in FMSO extracted by CE, R-CE, and SFE, respectively. R-CE extraction promoted pyrazines content (51.51 ± 3.15%) and reduced esters and acids, while SFE extraction promoted the contents of hydrocarbons (26.00 ± 2.10%) and aldehydes (26.00 ± 2.78%). Meanwhile, the contents of esters (13.43±0.6%), alcohols (12.81 ± 0.16%), and acids (11.41 ± 0.23%) were higher in CE extracted FMSO than that extracted by R-CE and SFE. These results suggest that FMSO with high UFA content and pleasant aroma could be a potential source of vegetable food oil.

Abstract We conducted this study to determine whether cornuside could improve the neurological deficit symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, as well as determine the potential involvement of CD4+ T lymphocytes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Altogether, 32 Lewis rats were randomly divided into control, EAE, EAE/prednisolone, and EAE/cornuside, wherein their neurological function was assessed every day. CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment into the spinal cord (SC) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the SC were determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 proteins were determined by western blotting. Compared to the control group, the EAE group rats with neurological deficits had enhanced CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration and higher expression levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in the SC. Meanwhile, compared with the EAE group, the EAE/cornuside and EAE/prednisolone groups had lower neurological scores, less CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltrations, and lower expression levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in the SC. Thus, cornuside ameliorated EAE, which could be owed to the inhibition of CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TNF-α expressions in the SC.

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. A previous genome-wide association study reports that rs72755295, a SNP locating at intron of EXO1 (exonuclease 1), is associated with breast cancer. Due to the complete linkage disequilibrium between rs72755295 and rs4149909, a nonsynonymous mutation for EXO1, rs4149909 is supposed to be the causal SNP. Since EXO1 is overexpressed in breast carcinoma samples, we hypothesized that the genetic variations in this locus might confer breast cancer risk by regulating EXO1 expression. To substantiate this, a functional genomics study was performed. The dual luciferase assay indicated that G of rs72755295 presents significantly higher relative enhancer activity than A, thus verifying that this SNP can influence gene expression in breast cell. Through chromosome conformation capture it was disclosed that the enhancer containing rs72755295 can interact with the EXO1 promoter. RNA-seq analysis indicated that EXO1 expression is dependent on the rs72755295 genotype. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, the transcription factor PAX6 (paired box 6) was recognized to bind the region spanning rs72755295. In electrophoretic mobility shift assay, G of rs72755295 displays obviously higher binding affinity with nuclear protein than A. Our results indicated that rs72755295 is a cis-regulatory variation for EXO1 and might confer breast cancer risk besides rs4149909.

SUMMARY: A comparative study of the morphology of suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS) using MRI and cast specimens was performed. The present retrospective study analysed the craniocervical magnetic resonance venography (MRV) imaging data of 61 patients. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed using Mimics 19.0. The SCS left-right diameter(d1), distance from the midline (d2), supero-inferior diameter(d3), anteroposterior diameter (d4), distance from posterior diameter to skin (d5), and diameter of the SCS at different parts (d6-d8) were measured. Comparison between MRV images and cast specimens, the SCS, marginal sinus, anterior condylar vein, and vertebral artery venous plexus were symmetrical and could be bilaterally displayed, whereas the presence of extra condylar vein and posterior condylar vein exhibited different types. The adjacency between the SCS and its communicating vessels and changes in its communicating vessels corresponded well with the MRV images and cast specimens. Many types of the presence of left and right lateral condylar and posterior condylar veins were found in the cast specimens, which could be divided into the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins, unilateral presence of posterior condylar veins, and unilateral presence of lateral condylar vein. A total of 61 cases analysed using MRV images revealed the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins (77.1 %), the unilateral presence of posterior condylar vein (18.0 %), and the unilateral presence of lateral condylar vein (9.8 %), of which the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins accounted for the largest proportion. MRV images and cast specimens of the SCS showed its normal morphological structure and adjacency, thus providing accurate and complete Three-dimensional imaging anatomical data of the SCS and its communicating vascular structures. This study enriches the Chinese SCS imaging anatomy data and may be valuable in clinical practice.

RESUMEN: Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la morfología del seno cavernoso suboccipital (SCS) mediante resonancia magnética y muestras de yeso. El presente estudio retrospectivo analizó los datos de imágenes de venografía por resonancia magnética (RNM) craneocervical de 61 pacientes. La reconstrucción tridimensional se realizó con Mimics 19.0. Se midió: el diámetro izquierdo-derecho del SCS (d1), la distancia desde la línea mediana (d2), el diámetro superoinferior (d3), el diámetro anteroposterior (d4), la distancia desde el diámetro posterior hasta la piel (d5) y el diámetro del SCS en diferentes partes (d6-d8). En la comparación entre las imágenes RNM y las muestras de yeso, el SCS, el seno marginal, la vena condilar anterior y el plexo venoso de la arteria vertebral eran simétricos y se observaron bilateralmente, mientras que la presencia de la vena extracondilar y la vena condilar posterior presentaba tipos diferentes. La proximidad del SCS y sus vasos comunicantes y los cambios en sus vasos comunicantes se correspondieron bien con las imágenes de RNM y los especímenes moldeados. Se encontraron muchos tipos de venas condilares laterales y condilares posteriores izquierda y derecha en las muestras de yeso, que podrían dividirse en presencia bilateral de venas condilares posteriores y condilares laterales, presencia unilateral de venas condilares posteriores y presencia unilateral de venas condilares laterales. Un total de 61 casos analizados mediante imágenes MRV revelaron la presencia bilateral de venas condilares posteriores y condilares laterales (77,1 %), la presencia unilateral de venas condilares posteriores (18,0 %) y la presencia unilateral de venas condilares laterales (9,8 %) de los cuales la presencia bilateral de las venas condilar posterior y condilar lateral representó la mayor proporción. Las imágenes de RNM y las muestras de yeso del SCS mostraron su estructura morfológica y adyacencia normales, lo que proporcionó datos anatómicos de imágenes tridimensionales precisos y completos del SCS y sus estructuras vasculares comunicantes. Este estudio enriquece los datos de anatomía de imágenes de SCS chino y puede ser valioso en la práctica clínica.