Acta Cirúrgica Brasileirahttps://www.scielo.br/feed/acb/2011.v26n6/2024-02-02T20:04:41.796000ZVol. 26 No. 6 - 2011WerkzeugA Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira celebra 25 anos: 1986-201110.1590/S0102-865020110006000012024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZGoldenberg, Saul
<em>Goldenberg, Saul</em>;
<br/><br/>
Liver cirrhosis on the colonic anastomotic healing in rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000022024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000Zdi Bonifácio, MarceloParra, Rogério SerafimAlmeida, Ana Luiza Normanha Ribeiro deRocha, José Joaquim Ribeiro daFeres, Omar
<em>Di Bonifácio, Marcelo</em>;
<em>Parra, Rogério Serafim</em>;
<em>Almeida, Ana Luiza Normanha Ribeiro De</em>;
<em>Rocha, José Joaquim Ribeiro Da</em>;
<em>Feres, Omar</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of cirrhosis on colonic anastomosis healing in rats. METHODS: Fifty five Wistar male rats were used (23 in the control group and 32 in the cirrhosis group). On the first day of the procedure, the rats in the cirrhosis group underwent double ligation and folding of the common bile duct to induce liver cirrhosis, and the control rats underwent a laparotomy and intestinal manipulation. On the fourteenth and thirty-fifth days, all of the animals were biochemically assessed for serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin and for liver histopathology. On the thirty-fifth day, cirrhosis was confirmed. On the twenty-eighth day, all of the animals were subjected to left colon transection and anastomosis. On the seventh day after the colonic anastomosis, the rats were sacrificed and macroscopically evaluated for dehiscence. The region of the colonic anastomosis was removed and subjected to hydroxyproline content measurement, conventional histology, and the immunohistochemical determination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (MMP 1). RESULTS: The biochemical and histopathological examinations confirmed cirrhosis in all of the animals in the cirrhosis group. More deaths occurred after anastomosis in the cirrhosis group (5/25) than in the control group (0/21), and anastomotic dehiscence was more frequent in the cirrhosis group (8/25) than in the control group (0/21). The average hydroxyproline concentration was lower in the cirrhosis group than in the control group. The immunohistochemical studies showed that the average VEGF expression in the cirrhosis group was lower than in the control group, and the average MMP1 expression was higher in the cirrhosis group. CONCLUSION: Hepatic cirrhosis leads to increased mortality and colonic anastomotic dehiscence, an increased distance between the mucosal edges of the anastomosis area, and a lower hydroxyproline concentration in the colonic anastomosis; therefore, these conditions are deleterious to healing.A new proposal to evaluate the healing of open skin wounds: volumetry10.1590/S0102-865020110006000032024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZPaulo, Danilo Nagib SalomãoFiorot, Antonio Wilson
<em>Paulo, Danilo Nagib Salomão</em>;
<em>Fiorot, Antonio Wilson</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To present a new proposal to evaluate the healing of an open subcutaneous and skin wound, which we termed "volumetry". METHODS: A total of 32 circular wounds were performed in the subcutaneous tissues and skin of four feet of pigs (8 each). Each wound had about 1 cm in diameter and was 0.2 cm deep. Volume was calculated from the wound filled with saline and mass Xantopren. With the aid of a magnifying glass and local lighting, the liquid was dripped with a micropipette inside the wound until complete fullness. Volume repletion was calculated in microliters, corresponding to the volume of the wound. The mass of Xantopren was placed inside the wound to obtain a mold of the lesion. Mold volume was calculated using the formula of the volume of a cylinder closest resembling a geometric figure with mold. RESULTS: The calculation of wound volume was possible with both Xantopren and mold techniques. Volume as calculated by micropipette was 119.37 ± 30.87 microliters while the volume calculated by mold was 122.41 ± 33.90 mm3 (p=0.79). CONCLUSIONS: Volumetry in pig feet is simple and reproducible. Volumetry perfomed with saline did not differ from the volumetry with mass Xantopren. This method may be a useful tool to help evaluate the healing of open skin wounds in experimental and clinical research.The use of Portland cement in the repair of mandibular fractures in rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000042024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZCampello, Reginaldo Inojosa CarneiroVasconcelos, Belmiro Cavalcanti do EgitoSampaio, Gerhilde CallouRolim, AntonioPorto, Gabriela Granja
<em>Campello, Reginaldo Inojosa Carneiro</em>;
<em>Vasconcelos, Belmiro Cavalcanti Do Egito</em>;
<em>Sampaio, Gerhilde Callou</em>;
<em>Rolim, Antonio</em>;
<em>Porto, Gabriela Granja</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To evaluate the bone healing of mandibular fractures following the use of Portland cement. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups. In the control group the rats were submitted to a mandibular fracture, which was reduced, and the soft tissues were sutured. In the experimental group the rats had the mandibular fracture reduced and maintained with the Portland cement. The animals were euthanized 7 and 21 days after surgery by injecting a lethal dose of anesthetic. The following variables were studied: weight of the animals, radiographic images, histopathological features and time of surgery. RESULTS: A weight loss was observed in the specimens of both groups at the different times of evaluation, a greater difference in weight before and after surgery being found in the experimental group, which was statistically significant (p <0.05, p = 0.041). From the histological point of view, with a margin of error (5.0%) the only two significant differences (p <0.05) recorded in the variables were "Material deployed" and "Bone resorption" during the evaluations at 7 and 21 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Portland cement served to promote bone healing.Effects of bromopride on abdominal wall healing with induced peritoneal sepsis after segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis in rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000052024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZOliveira, Marcos Vinícius Melo deBrandão, Alexandre MaltaMorais, Pedro Henrique Alves deSilva, Naiara Galvão daSilva, Silvana Marques eCarneiro, Fabiana PiraniSousa, João Batista de
<em>Oliveira, Marcos Vinícius Melo De</em>;
<em>Brandão, Alexandre Malta</em>;
<em>Morais, Pedro Henrique Alves De</em>;
<em>Silva, Naiara Galvão Da</em>;
<em>Silva, Silvana Marques E</em>;
<em>Carneiro, Fabiana Pirani</em>;
<em>Sousa, João Batista De</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of bromopride on abdominal wall healing of rats with induced peritoneal sepsis after segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Forty rats underwent sectioning of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis and were divided into two groups of 20 animals for the administration of bromopride (bromopride group - B) or saline solution (control group - C). Each group was divided into subgroups of 10 animals each to be killed on the third (GB3 and GC3) or seventh postoperative day (GB7 and GC7). It was analyzed the following characteristics: breaking strength of the abdominal wall's wound; surgical and histopathological features of the abdominal wall; and clinical features of the rats. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in relation to the weight of the rats and the breaking strength of the abdominal wall's wound. The GB7 group presented less edema and less quantity of fibrin during histopathological evaluation compared to the GC7 group. CONCLUSION: Bromopride did not have harmful effects on the healing of abdominal wall in rats.Pretreatment with pentoxifylline attenuates lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000062024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZMarqui, Carlos EduardoSilva, Helga Cristina AlmeidaFerez, DavidCavassani, Sâmia SantosMoraes, Juliana BrittoSilva, Danielle Aparecida Marino daSimões, Ricardo SantosLopes, Caroline AparecidaTaha, Murched OmarOliveira-Júnior, Itamar Souza
<em>Marqui, Carlos Eduardo</em>;
<em>Silva, Helga Cristina Almeida</em>;
<em>Ferez, David</em>;
<em>Cavassani, Sâmia Santos</em>;
<em>Moraes, Juliana Britto</em>;
<em>Silva, Danielle Aparecida Marino Da</em>;
<em>Simões, Ricardo Santos</em>;
<em>Lopes, Caroline Aparecida</em>;
<em>Taha, Murched Omar</em>;
<em>Oliveira-Júnior, Itamar Souza</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effect of pentoxifylline against the lung injury observed after intestinal ischemia (I) followed by a period of reperfusion (R). METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were equally divided into 4 experimental groups and operated under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. (1) Sham: falsely-operated animals; (2) SS+IR: intestinal ischemia was accomplished by clipping the superior mesenteric artery during 60 minutes, with an administration of a standard volume of saline solution (SS) 5 min before the end of the ischemia period; the clip was then releases or a 120-min period of reperfusion; (3) I+PTX+R: ischemia as above, PTX was administered (25 mg/kg) and the gut reperfused as above; (4) PTX+I+PTX+R: Five minutes before arterial occlusion PTX was administered; the superior mesenteric artery was then clipped for 60 minutes. After 55-min ischemia, an additional dosis of PTX was administered; the clip was removed for reperfusion as above. At the 60th min of reperfusion a third dosis of PTX was administered. RESULTS: PTX markedly attenuated lung injury as manifested by significant decreases (all P<0.001 as compared with the SS+IR group) of pulmonary wet/dry tissue weight ratio, total protein content, myeloperoxidase activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, it was apparent that in the group PTX+I+PTX+R the improvements have been even more significant. CONCLUSION: PTX exerted a protective effect on the lung from the injuries caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.Effect of glutamine on the total antioxidant system of rats subjected to renal ischemia and reperfusion10.1590/S0102-865020110006000072024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZGouvêa Junior, Valter TorezanCaporossi, CervantesSalomão, Alberto BicudoCôrtes, ErlonMunhoz, Marina FrancineNascimento, José Eduardo Aguilar de
<em>Gouvêa Junior, Valter Torezan</em>;
<em>Caporossi, Cervantes</em>;
<em>Salomão, Alberto Bicudo</em>;
<em>Côrtes, Erlon</em>;
<em>Munhoz, Marina Francine</em>;
<em>Nascimento, José Eduardo Aguilar De</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To evaluate the protective effects of glutamine administered before renal ischemia-reperfusion on plasma antioxidant protection, and lung and renal tissue injury. METHODS: 33 rats underwent right nephrectomy. On the eighth postoperative day, animals were randomized into three groups (n=11): glutamine, control and sham. Each group of animals received, by gavage, a particular diet for 7 days. On day 14 following nephrectomy, the animals were subjected to left renal ischemia-reperfusion. After this, blood samples were collected and the animals were killed. At necropsy the kidney and lung were removed for histology. RESULTS: The levels of total antioxidant capacity were higher in the glutamine group and control group compared with the sham group. The levels of glutathione peroxidase in both the sham and glutamine groups were higher when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The level of superoxide dismutase in the sham group was clearly higher than that in the glutamine and control groups. Histological examination showed no differences between the three groups. CONCLUSION: Prior intake of glutamine improves total antioxidant capacity and increases glutathione peroxidase levels in rats subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion.Histological analysis and the blood flux in kidneys submitted to different periods of ischemia/reperfusion10.1590/S0102-865020110006000082024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZMeyer, FernandoSilva, Denise Sbrissia eBombonatto, Giovana MarinaLizana, Juliana NavarroDziedricki, Luiz FelipeKrieger, Michele Lonardoni
<em>Meyer, Fernando</em>;
<em>Silva, Denise Sbrissia E</em>;
<em>Bombonatto, Giovana Marina</em>;
<em>Lizana, Juliana Navarro</em>;
<em>Dziedricki, Luiz Felipe</em>;
<em>Krieger, Michele Lonardoni</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: Evaluate the renal blood flow by using a laser flow meter, Laserflow Vasamedics®, after the ischemia/reperfusion in two different times of the arterial renal vessel clamping. METHODS: The renal blood flow was evaluated by using a laser flow meter after two different times of ischemia/reperfusion procedure, 30 and 60 minutes. It was used 20 Wistar male rats, divided in two groups of 10 rats: Group A (30 minutes of ischemia on the left kidney, with later analysis of the blood flow in 1, 5 and 20, after the renal reperfusion start) and Group B (60 minutes of ischemia on the left kidney, with later analysis of the blood flow in 1, 5 and 20 minutes, after the renal reperfusion start). RESULTS: In the first minute, there were not significant differences between the two groups (p=0.789). In the 5th minute there were not significant differences also, but there was a tendency (p=0.068). In the 20th minute, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.022). When the means are observed, it is possible to notice that Group A has a larger flux than Group B. CONCLUSION: The kidneys submitted to 30' of ischemia/reperfusion are subject to a larger restitution of the blood flow in comparison to the Group which had a longer time.Protective perioperative strategy using a third generation hydroxyethyl starch during surgery in a murine model of liver reperfusion injury10.1590/S0102-865020110006000092024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZCatré, DoraLopes, Maria FrancelinaBento, CelesteCabrita, António Silvério
<em>Catré, Dora</em>;
<em>Lopes, Maria Francelina</em>;
<em>Bento, Celeste</em>;
<em>Cabrita, António Silvério</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To investigate whether a third generation colloid, hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4), used for perioperative fluid therapy, protects the rat liver against the late-phase response of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and if inhibition of neutrophil hepatic infiltration plays a part in this mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats were used (8 in each group). Three groups had IRI induced by lobar vascular occlusion (60 minutes) and reperfusion (24 hours) and received HES (13 mL/kg iv), 7.5% saline (HS) (13 mL/kg iv) or no fluid. Three other groups were sham-operated and received the same fluid as the test groups. After 24 hours of reperfusion, blood was drawn for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) quantification and ischemic liver samples were taken for histological study (hematoxylin and eosin and chloroacetate staining of neutrophils). RESULTS: HES treatment attenuated the elevation in serum ALT (P=0.001) and reduced the extent of hepatocellular necrosis (P<0.01) compared with the IRI controls. HES-mediated cytoprotection was associated with a decrease of infiltration of neutrophils in the necrotic areas (P<0.05) compared with the untreated IRI rats, but not with the volume control IRI rats (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Hydroxyethyl starch suppresses inflammatory response and ameliorates the late-phase response of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury10.1590/S0102-865020110006000102024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZDaniel, Rosemary Aparecida FurlanCardoso, Vinícius KannenGóis Jr, EmanuelParra, Rogério SerafimGarcia, Sérgio BrittoRocha, José Joaquim Ribeiro daFéres, Omar
<em>Daniel, Rosemary Aparecida Furlan</em>;
<em>Cardoso, Vinícius Kannen</em>;
<em>Góis Jr, Emanuel</em>;
<em>Parra, Rogério Serafim</em>;
<em>Garcia, Sérgio Britto</em>;
<em>Rocha, José Joaquim Ribeiro Da</em>;
<em>Féres, Omar</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: Adequate tissue oxygenation is essential for healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has potential clinical applications to treat ischemic pathologies, however the exact nature of any protective effects are unclear at present. We therefore investigated the potential role of HBOT in modulating the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury response in intestinal model of I/R injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to surgery for the induction of intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion. HBOT was provided before and/or after intestinal ischemia. Cell viability in the intestinal tissue was assessed using the MTT assay and by measuring serum malondealdehyde (MDA). Microvascular density and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results indicate that HBOT treatment pre- and post-ischemia reduces lesion size to the intestinal tissue. This treatment increases cell viability and reduces the activation of caspase-3, which is associated with increased number of tissue CD34 cells and enhanced VEGF expression. CONCLUSION: The hyperbaric oxygen therapy can limit tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury, by inducing reparative signaling pathways.Effect of laser on the remnant liver after the first 24 hours following 70% hepatectomy in rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000112024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZBarbosa, Ailton JoseSantana, Ana Carolina Delazia AlbuquerqueCastro e Silva, TiagoKurachi, CristinaInada, NataliaBagnato, Vanderlei SalvadorSilva Jr, Orlando de Castro e
<em>Barbosa, Ailton Jose</em>;
<em>Santana, Ana Carolina Delazia Albuquerque</em>;
<em>Castro E Silva, Tiago</em>;
<em>Kurachi, Cristina</em>;
<em>Inada, Natalia</em>;
<em>Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador</em>;
<em>Silva Jr, Orlando De Castro E</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To evaluate the mitochondrial function of the remnant liver (RL) in the early phase of liver regeneration in rats after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats (200-250g) submitted to 70% PH were divided into five groups according to the time of euthanasia and application or not of laser light: C = Control, time zero; 2 minutes, 4, 6 and 24 hours after PH. The dose of laser radiation was 22.5 J/cm², wavelength of 660 nm (visible/red), in the remnant liver. We studied the respiration activated by ADP (state 3), basal mitochondrial respiration (state 4), respiratory control ratio (RCR) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS: The mitochondrial function of RL changed at 4 and 6 hours after PH, with a significant increase in state 3 and a concomitant increase in state 4 and with maintenance of RCR. MMP differed significantly between the groups biostimulated with laser radiation and the control group 4 hours after HP, with a substantial reduction in the non-laser groups. CONCLUSION: The laser light at the dose used in this study did not induce additional damage to the RL and seems to have delayed the hepatocellular metabolic overload of the remnant liver.Effects of ionizing radiation on bone neoformation: histometric study in Wistar rats tibiae10.1590/S0102-865020110006000122024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZLucatto, Susette CavicchioliGuilherme, ArnaldoDib, Luciano LauriaSegreto, Helena Regina ComodoAlves, Maria Tereza de SeixasGumieiro, Emne HammoudJahn, Ricardo SchmitutzLeite, Ronaldo Antonio
<em>Lucatto, Susette Cavicchioli</em>;
<em>Guilherme, Arnaldo</em>;
<em>Dib, Luciano Lauria</em>;
<em>Segreto, Helena Regina Comodo</em>;
<em>Alves, Maria Tereza De Seixas</em>;
<em>Gumieiro, Emne Hammoud</em>;
<em>Jahn, Ricardo Schmitutz</em>;
<em>Leite, Ronaldo Antonio</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: Comparing the ionizing radiation effects on bone neoformation of rats tibiae previously submitted to radiotherapy with a single dosage of 30Gy with the contralateral tibiae that have received secondary radiation. METHODS: In thirty male Wistar rats, 30 days before surgical procedure when round defects would be created on the bone, the right tibia was irradiated with 30Gy and the left tibia received a calculated secondary radiation dose of 7Gy. Sacrifices were performed after 4, 7, 14, 21, 56 and 84 postoperative days and both tibiae were removed for histological processing. RESULTS: The left tibiae that received the dose of 7Gy has shown more bone neoformation from 14th postoperative days, giving evidences of less damage to cellular population responsible by bone neoformation. On the other hand, the dose of 30Gyon right tibiae did not exhibit significant differences among the periods, suggesting damage of long-lasting or even permanent duration. CONCLUSION: Tibiae submitted to radiation dose of 30Gy have shown more damage to bone cells than tibiae that received secondary radiation dose of 7Gy, especially observed on 14th, 56th and 84th postoperative days.Methylene blue administration in the compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock: hemodynamic study in pigs10.1590/S0102-865020110006000132024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZMenardi, Antonio CarlosCapellini, Verena KiseCelotto, Andrea CarlaAlbuquerque, Agnes Afrodite SumarelliViaro, FernandaVicente, Walter Vilella A.Rodrigues, Alfredo JoséEvora, Paulo Roberto Barbosa
<em>Menardi, Antonio Carlos</em>;
<em>Capellini, Verena Kise</em>;
<em>Celotto, Andrea Carla</em>;
<em>Albuquerque, Agnes Afrodite Sumarelli</em>;
<em>Viaro, Fernanda</em>;
<em>Vicente, Walter Vilella A.</em>;
<em>Rodrigues, Alfredo José</em>;
<em>Evora, Paulo Roberto Barbosa</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To verify if the methylene blue (MB) administration prevents and/or reverses the compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced anaphylactic shock in pigs. METHODS: Female Dalland pigs were anesthetized and had the hemodynamic parameters recorded during the necessary time to administer some drugs and observe their effect. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the five groups: 1) control; 2) MB: the animals received a bolus injection of MB (2 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion of MB (2.66 mg/Kg/h delivered by syringe infusion pump); 3) C48/80: the animals received a bolus injection of C48/80 (4 mg/kg); 4) C48/80+MB: the animals received a bolus injection of C48/80 (4 mg/kg) and 10 minutes after the C48/80 administration the animals received a bolus injection of MB (2 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion of MB (2.66 mg/Kg/h delivered by syringe infusion pump); 5) MB+C48/80: the animals received a bolus injection of MB (2 mg/kg) and 3 minutes later they received a bolus injection of C48/80 (4 mg/kg). RESULTS: The intravenous infusion of MB alone caused no changes in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) showing that the administered MB dose was safe in this experimental model. The C48/80 was effective in producing experimental anaphylactic shock since it was observed a decrease in both MAP and cardiac output (CO) after its administration. The MB did not prevent or reverse the C48/80-induced anaphylactic shock in this model. In fact, the MAP of the animals with anaphylactic shock treated with MB decreased even more than the MAP of the animals from the C48/80 group. On the other hand, the C48/80-induced epidermal alterations disappeared after the MB infusion. CONCLUSION: Despite our data, the clinical manifestations improvement brings some optimism and does not allow excluding the MB as a possible therapeutic option in the anaphylactic shock.Assessment of gait dynamics in rats submitted to limb ischemia10.1590/S0102-865020110006000142024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZPiccinato, Carlos EliSousa, Antônio Carlos dePrado, William Alves doMessias, AndréBredarioli, MatheusDalio, Marcelo BeliniJoviliano, Edwaldo Edner
<em>Piccinato, Carlos Eli</em>;
<em>Sousa, Antônio Carlos De</em>;
<em>Prado, William Alves Do</em>;
<em>Messias, André</em>;
<em>Bredarioli, Matheus</em>;
<em>Dalio, Marcelo Belini</em>;
<em>Joviliano, Edwaldo Edner</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To describe a method for the assessment of gait dynamics in rats submitted to limb ischemia. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (150-160g) were used. Twelve animals were submitted to limb ischemia by ligation of the common left iliac artery (ischemic group: n = 12); and a sham-operated group was used as control (n=12). After a recovery period of 6 weeks, gait dynamics was assessed by counting the complete footprints and the number of hindlimb-floor contacts during a treadmill test for five minutes at a speed of 12 m.min-1 and angulation of 15°. The number of contacts of the left hindlimb was divided by the right hindlimb values (LRR) for group comparisons. Ischemic disability was quantified by comparing the area under curve (AUC) created by plotting each contact versus time for each hindlimb. The left hindlimb ischemic disability index (LHDI), which was compared between groups, was defined by the formula: LHDI = (1- AUC left / AUC right) x 100. RESULTS: Surgery was well tolerated by all animals. Rats did not suffer tissue loss or ulcerations. Complete footprint LRR was 0.3 ± 0.08 for the ischemic group and 1.3 ± 0.9 for controls (p=0.0043). Number of contacts LLR was 0.5 ± 0.2 for the ischemic group and 1.0 ± 0.1 for the control group (p=0.0051). LHDI was 56.83 ± 10.67 for the ischemic group and 2.50 ± 13.10 for the control group (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Assessment of gait dynamics in rats submitted to limb ischemia could be done by footprint analysis and hindlimb contact recording during a treadmill test.Small bowel transplantation in outbred rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000152024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZWaisberg, Daniel ReisLee, André Dong WongSantos, Rafael Miyashiro Nunes dosMory, Eduardo KenjiCosta, Anderson LinoMontero, Edna Frasson de SouzaChaib, EleazarD'Albuquerque, Luis Augusto CarneiroGalvao, Flavio Henrique Ferreira
<em>Waisberg, Daniel Reis</em>;
<em>Lee, André Dong Wong</em>;
<em>Santos, Rafael Miyashiro Nunes Dos</em>;
<em>Mory, Eduardo Kenji</em>;
<em>Costa, Anderson Lino</em>;
<em>Montero, Edna Frasson De Souza</em>;
<em>Chaib, Eleazar</em>;
<em>D'albuquerque, Luis Augusto Carneiro</em>;
<em>Galvao, Flavio Henrique Ferreira</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical evolution of orthotopic small bowel transplantation in outbred rats. METHODS: Seventy-two outbred Wistar rats weighting from 250 to 300g were used as donor and recipient in 36 consecutives ortothopic small intestine transplantation without immunosuppression. The graft was transplanted into the recipient using end-to-side aortic and portacaval microvascular anastomosis. Procedure duration, animal clinical course and survival were evaluated. Survival shorter than four days was considered technical failure. Recipients were sacrificed with signs of severe graft rejection or survival longer than 120 days. Necropsies were performed in all recipients to access histopathological changes in the graft. RESULTS: Median time for the procedure was 107 minutes. Six recipients (16.7%) presented technical failure. Twenty-seven recipients were sacrificed due to rejection, being nineteen (52.7%) between 7th and 15th postoperative day and eight (22.2%) between 34th and 47th postoperative day. Graft histology confirmed severe acute cellular rejection in those recipients. Uneventful evolution and survival longer than 120 days without rejection were observed in three recipients (8.3%). CONCLUSION: Intestinal transplantation in outbred rats without immunosuppressant regiment accomplishes variable clinical evolution.Metabolic and hematologic consequences of colectomy associated to hepatectomy in rats10.1590/S0102-865020110006000162024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZCarvalho, Marília Daniela FerreiraAraújo-Filho, IramiAzevedo, Ítalo MedeirosRêgo, Amália Cínthia MenesesMedeiros, Aldo Cunha
<em>Carvalho, Marília Daniela Ferreira</em>;
<em>Araújo-Filho, Irami</em>;
<em>Azevedo, Ítalo Medeiros</em>;
<em>Rêgo, Amália Cínthia Meneses</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Aldo Cunha</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of partial colectomy associated with hepatectomy on the biodistribution of the 99mTc-phytate, on metabolic parameters, as well as labeling and morphology of red blood cells. METHODS: Wistar rats were distributed into three groups (each with six), nominated as colectomy, colectomy+hepatectomy and sham. In the 30th postoperative day all rats were injected with 99mTc-phytate 0.1mL i.v. (radioactivity 0.66 MBq). After 15 minutes, liver sample was harvested and weighed. Percentage radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was determined using an automatic gamma-counter. Serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and red blood cells labeling were determined. RESULTS: The liver %ATI/g and red blood cells labeling were lower in colectomy and colectomy+hepatectomy rats than in sham rats (p <0.05), and no difference was detected comparing the colectomy and colectomy+hepatectomy groups. Red blood cells morphology did not differ among groups. Serum levels of AST, ALT and alkaline fosfatase were significantly higher in colectomy+hepatectomy than in colectomy rats (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy associated with colectomy lowered the uptake of radiopharmaceutical in liver and in red blood cells in rats, coinciding with changes in liver enzymatic activity.Intrapleural analgesia after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy10.1590/S0102-865020110006000172024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZSilva, Patrícia Gomes daCataneo, Daniele CristinaLeite, FernandaHasimoto, Erica NishidaBarros, Guilherme Antonio Moreira de
<em>Silva, Patrícia Gomes Da</em>;
<em>Cataneo, Daniele Cristina</em>;
<em>Leite, Fernanda</em>;
<em>Hasimoto, Erica Nishida</em>;
<em>Barros, Guilherme Antonio Moreira De</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To compare analgesia traditionally used for thoracic sympathectomy to intrapleural ropivacaine injection in two different doses. METHODS: Twenty-four patients were divided into three similar groups, and all of them received intravenous dipyrone. Group A received intravenous tramadol and intrapleural injection of saline solution. Group B received intrapleural injection of 0.33% ropivacaine, and Group C 0.5% ropivacaine. The following aspects were analyzed: inspiratory capacity, respiratory rate and pain. Pain was evaluated in the immediate postoperative period by means of the visual analog scale and over a one-week period. RESULTS: In Groups A and B, reduced inspiratory capacity was observed in the postoperative period. In the first postoperative 12 hours, only 12.5% of the patients in Groups B and C showed intense pain as compared to 25% in Group A. In the subsequent week, only one patient in Group A showed mild pain while the remainder reported intense pain. In Group B, half of the patients showed intense pain, and in Group C, only one presented intense pain. CONCLUSION: Intrapleural analgesia with ropivacaine resulted in less pain in the late postoperative period with better analgesic outcomes in higher doses, providing a better ventilatory pattern.Can Wistar rats be used as the normotensive controls for nerve morphometry investigations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)?10.1590/S0102-865020110006000182024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZSanada, Luciana SayuriTavares, Marcelo RodrigoNeubern, Milena Cardoso MaiaSalgado, Helio CesarFazan, Valéria Paula Sassoli
<em>Sanada, Luciana Sayuri</em>;
<em>Tavares, Marcelo Rodrigo</em>;
<em>Neubern, Milena Cardoso Maia</em>;
<em>Salgado, Helio Cesar</em>;
<em>Fazan, Valéria Paula Sassoli</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: We compared the sural nerve morphology among Wistar (WR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, including the nerve fascicles and myelinated fibers morphometry. METHODS: Age matched (20 weeks) female WR (N=6), WKY (N=6) and SHR (N=7) had their right and left sural nerves removed, embedded in epoxy resin, and observed by light microscopy. Morphometric analysis was performed with the aid of computer software. RESULTS: Despite presenting the same age, WR were heavier than WKY and SHR, as were SHR compared to WKY. Systolic arterial pressure was higher in SHR compared to WR, but no differences between SHR and WKY or WR and WKY were observed. The sural nerves were morphometrically symmetric between proximal and distal segments on the same side and between sides in all strains with no differences in the myelinated fiber number. Schwann cell number and density were smaller in SHR and G ratio was larger in SHR, indicating that SHR have thinner myelinated fibers. CONCLUSION: Sural nerve morphology is similar between WKY and WR, allowing the use of WR as the SHR controls in morphological investigations involving peripheral neuropathies.Morphometric analysis of dendritic cells from anal mucosa of HIV-positive patients and the relation to intraepithelial lesions and cancer seen at a tertiary health institution in Brazil10.1590/S0102-865020110006000192024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZGuimarães, Adriana Gonçalves Daumas PinheiroSilva Junior, Roberto Moreira daCosta, Oscar Tadeu Ferreira daSilva, Ivan Tramujas da Costa eGimenez, Felicidad SantosAraujo, José Ribamar deAndrade, Rosilene Viana deLopes, Erico Jander da SilvaPinheiro, Jacqueline PereiraFerreira, Junia Raquel D.Malheiro, AdrianaFerreira, Luiz Carlos de Lima
<em>Guimarães, Adriana Gonçalves Daumas Pinheiro</em>;
<em>Silva Junior, Roberto Moreira Da</em>;
<em>Costa, Oscar Tadeu Ferreira Da</em>;
<em>Silva, Ivan Tramujas Da Costa E</em>;
<em>Gimenez, Felicidad Santos</em>;
<em>Araujo, José Ribamar De</em>;
<em>Andrade, Rosilene Viana De</em>;
<em>Lopes, Erico Jander Da Silva</em>;
<em>Pinheiro, Jacqueline Pereira</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Junia Raquel D.</em>;
<em>Malheiro, Adriana</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Luiz Carlos De Lima</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To morphometrically quantify CD1a+ dentritic cells and DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in HIV-positive patients with anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and to evaluate the effects of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy and HPV infection on epithelial and subepithelial dendritic cells. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to morphometrically analyze the relative volume of the dendritic cells and the relationship between anal intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in HIV-positive patients from the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas, Brazil. All patients were submitted to biopsies of anorectal mucosa to perform a classic histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, employing antibodies against CD1a and DC-SIGN for the morphometric quantification of dendritic cells. RESULTS: HIV-negative patients displayed a CD1a DC density significantly higher than that of HIV-positives patients (3.75 versus 2.54) (p=0.018), and in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia had correlated between DC CD1a density with levels of CD4 + cells (p: 0.04) as well as the viral load of HIV-1 (p: 0.035). A not significant rise in the median density of CD1a+ DC was observed in the HIV positive/ HAART positive subgroup compared to the HIV positive/ HAART negative subgroup. The CD1a+ DC were also significantly increased in HIV-negative patients with anorectal condyloma (2.33 to 3.53; p=0.05), with an opposite effect in HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an enhancement of the synergistic action caused by HIV-HPV co-infection on the anal epithelium, weakening the DC for its major role in immune surveillance. Notoriously in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the density of CD1a+ epithelial dendritic cells was influenced by the viral load of HIV-1. Our study describes for the first time the density of subepithelial DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in patients with anal severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia and points to the possibility that a specific therapy for HIV induces the recovery of the density of epithelial DC.Analysis of 83 consecutive liver transplants performed at a tertiary care reference hospital in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo10.1590/S0102-865020110006000202024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZLombardi, Ana CarolinaMente, Enio DavidSankarankutty, Ajith KumarSouza, Fernanda FernandesTeixeira, Andreza CorrêaCagnolati, DanielSouza, Maria Eliza Jordani deSilva Jr, Orlando de Castro e
<em>Lombardi, Ana Carolina</em>;
<em>Mente, Enio David</em>;
<em>Sankarankutty, Ajith Kumar</em>;
<em>Souza, Fernanda Fernandes</em>;
<em>Teixeira, Andreza Corrêa</em>;
<em>Cagnolati, Daniel</em>;
<em>Souza, Maria Eliza Jordani De</em>;
<em>Silva Jr, Orlando De Castro E</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To analyze pre-, intra- and immediate postoperative parameters of patients submitted to liver transplantation. METHODS: Eighty-three consecutive orthotopic liver transplants performed from January 2009 to July 2011 were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: A, survivors (MELD between 9 and 60) and B, non-survivors (MELD between 14 and 40), with 30.6% of group A patients being CHILD C, 51℅ CHILD B and 18,4℅ CHILD A. In group B ,32.1℅ of the patients were CHILD C, 42,9℅ CHILD B, and 25℅ CHILD A. All orthotopic liver transplantations were performed using the piggyback technique without a portacaval shunt. Systemic arterial pressure and serum ALT and AST levels were determined preoperatively and 5, 60 and 1440 minutes after arterial graft revascularization. Serum ALT and AST profiles were evaluated for seven days after surgery. RESULTS: Systemic arterial blood pressure levels, time of hot and hypothermic ischemia and time of graft implant were statistically similar for the two groups (p>0.05). Serum levels (U/L) of ALT and AST at the 5, 60 and 1440 minute time points after arterial revascularization of the graft were also similar for the two groups studied, as also were the serum ALT and AST profiles. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant difference in any of the parameters studied was detected between the two groups. Under the conditions of the present study and on the basis of the parameters evaluated, no direct relation was detected between the intraoperative period and the type of patient outcome in the two groups studied.The use of perioperative serial blood lactate levels, the APACHE II and the postoperative MELD as predictors of early mortality after liver transplantation10.1590/S0102-865020110006000212024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZBasile-Filho, AnibalNicolini, Edson AntonioAuxiliadora-Martins, MariaSilva Jr, Orlando de Castro e
<em>Basile-Filho, Anibal</em>;
<em>Nicolini, Edson Antonio</em>;
<em>Auxiliadora-Martins, Maria</em>;
<em>Silva Jr, Orlando De Castro E</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of different parameters in predicting early (one-month) mortality of patients submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: This is a retrospective study of forty-four patients (38 males and 10 females, mean age of 52.2 ± 8.9 years) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital. Serial lactate blood levels, APACHE II, MELD post-OLT, creatinine, bilirubin and INR parameters were analyzed by receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC). The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The mortality of OLT patients within one month was 17.3%. Differences in blood lactate levels became statistically significant between survivors and nonsurvivors at the end of the surgery (p<0.05). The AUC was 0.726 (95%CI = 0.593-0.835) for APACHE II (p = 0.02); 0.770 (95%CI = 0.596-0.849) for blood lactate levels (L7-L8) (p = 0.03); 0.814 (95%CI = 0.690-0.904) for MELD post-OLT (p < 0.01); 0.550 (95%CI = 0.414-0.651) for creatinine (p = 0.64); 0.705 (95%CI = 0.571-0.818) for bilirubin (p = 0.05) and 0.774 (95%CI = 0.654-0.873) for INR (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Among the studied parameters, MELD post-OLT was more effective in predicting early mortality after OLT.Perioperative care in an animal model for training in abdominal surgery: is it necessary a preoperative fasting?10.1590/S0102-865020110006000222024-02-02T20:04:41.796000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.918000ZAlves, José RobertoLopes, Luiz RobertoSasasaki, Tânia
<em>Alves, José Roberto</em>;
<em>Lopes, Luiz Roberto</em>;
<em>Sasasaki, Tânia</em>;
<br/><br/>
PURPOSE: Demonstrate that the rabbit may be used in the training of surgery, in addition to present its perioperative care. METHODS: Thirty two animals, with age and weight, respectively, from 3 to 5.5 months old and 3000 to 4200 grams, were undergone different periods of pre-operative fasting, exclusive intramuscular anesthesia (ketamine+xylazine), laparotomy with total gastrectomy and total splenectomy. It was dosed the pre-operative (initial) and post-surgical (end) serum blood glucose, in addition to quantify the gastric content after the resection of the part. RESULTS: The anesthetical-surgical procedure presented a mortality rate of 3.125% (1:32) and a morbidity rate of 6.25% (2:32). It was evidenced an initial mean blood glucose = 199.4 mg/dl and the end = 326.1 mg/dl. In spite of extended fasting (minimum of 2 hours for the absolute fasting and maximum of 8.5 hours for liquids, and 20.5 hours for solids) all animals presented at the end of the surgical procedure any gastric content and a blood glucose increase. Those with fasting for liquids and solids when compared to the quantity of solid gastric content, presented a moderate negative degree of correlation. CONCLUSION: The rabbit is a good model to be used in training of surgery, with a low morbi-mortality, able to be anesthetized intramuscularly, with no need of pre-operative fasting and does not present hypoglycemia even with the extended fasting period.