Brazilian Dental Journalhttps://www.scielo.br/feed/bdj/2017.v28n4/2024-03-19T20:31:31.592000ZVol. 28 No. 4 - 2017WerkzeugAgNPs: The New Allies Against <i>S. Mutans</i> Biofilm - A Pilot Clinical Trial and Microbiological Assay10.1590/0103-64402016009942024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZFreire, Priscila L.L.Albuquerque, Allan J.R.Sampaio, Fabio C.Galembeck, AndréFlores, Miguel A. P.Stamford, Thayza C. M.Rosenblatt, Aronita
<em>Freire, Priscila L.l.</em>;
<em>Albuquerque, Allan J.r.</em>;
<em>Sampaio, Fabio C.</em>;
<em>Galembeck, André</em>;
<em>Flores, Miguel A. P.</em>;
<em>Stamford, Thayza C. M.</em>;
<em>Rosenblatt, Aronita</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of a new formulation containing silver nanoparticles, named Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on children’s dental enamel. The variations in dental biofilm pH and in the Simplified-Oral-Hygiene-Index (OHI-S) also were evaluated after the treatment with NSF. This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover and prospective pilot clinical trial study in which 12 schoolchildren, aged between 7-8 years, had their dental enamel treated with two solutions: S1 - Nano Silver Fluoride and S2 - negative control (saline solution), in different experimental moments. The dental biofilm adhered to enamel treated with NSF had lower values of S. mutans viability (absorbance) and colony forming units (CFU) than the S0 (baseline) and S2. There was a statistically significant difference between the OHI-S mean values of S0 and S1. There were no differences between the biofilm pH (both before and after the use of the test substances) and among the different groups. These properties suggest that NSF has bactericidal effect against S. mutans biofilm and it may be used for clinical control and prevention of dental biofilm formation.Prevalence and Sensitivity of Bacilli and Pseudomonas in the Newborn’s Oral Cavity10.1590/0103-64402016012052024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZFerreira, Priscila Vitor AlvesAmêndola, IsabelaOliveira, Luciane Dias deSilva, Célia Regina Gonçalves eLeão, Mariella Vieira PereiraSantos, Silvana Soléo Ferreira dos
<em>Ferreira, Priscila Vitor Alves</em>;
<em>Amêndola, Isabela</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Luciane Dias De</em>;
<em>Silva, Célia Regina Gonçalves E</em>;
<em>Leão, Mariella Vieira Pereira</em>;
<em>Santos, Silvana Soléo Ferreira Dos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas from the oral cavity of hospitalized newborns (NB) and determine their prevalence and the sensitivity profile to most commonly used antibiotics for this age group. Samples from the oral cavity of NB from 24 to 48 h age were collected using swabs. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, incubated and the colonies counted and identified. For each strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using agar dilution test. Tests for enterobacteria producing extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBL) were performed using agar diffusion. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Two of the isolated strains were submitted to the susceptibility test in biofilm. Of the collected samples, 8% presented Enterobacteria (mean of 6,141 CFU/mL) and no Pseudomona species was isolated. Positive samples were from NB in accommodation set or in the NB nursery. Enterobacter was the most prevalent genus and some strains were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin and cephalothin. No ESBL strain was detected. Microorganisms in biofilms were resistant to all antibiotics, with concentrations four times higher than MIC. The presence of enterobacteria in the oral cavity of newborns, especially some strains resistant to normally used antibiotics, warns to the need for care to avoid the early colonization of this niche and the occurrence of a possible hospital infection in this age group.Pro-inflammatory Analysis of Macrophages in Contact with Titanium Particles and Porphyromonas gingivalis10.1590/0103-64402017013822024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZDodo, Cindy GoesMeirelles, LuizAviles-Reyes, AlejandroRuiz, Karina Gonzalez SilvérioAbranches, JacquelineCury, Altair Antoninha Del Bel
<em>Dodo, Cindy Goes</em>;
<em>Meirelles, Luiz</em>;
<em>Aviles-Reyes, Alejandro</em>;
<em>Ruiz, Karina Gonzalez Silvério</em>;
<em>Abranches, Jacqueline</em>;
<em>Cury, Altair Antoninha Del Bel</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract During insertion of titanium dental implants, particles may shear from the implant to the periimplant region causing osteolysis, and their association with bacteria can exacerbate the inflammatory reaction. However, the association of a high invasive bacterium from the oral cavity, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and titanium particles remains unknown. This study evaluated pro-inflammatory reaction of human macrophages in contact with micro and nanoparticles of titanium associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS). THP-1 cell were used and treated for 12, 24 and 48 h following 6 groups: Control(C), PgLPS (L); Microparticles (M); Nanoparticles (N); PgLPS and microparticles (LM); PgLPS and nanoparticles (LN). The following assays were carried out: i) cell viability using MTS, ii) cell morphology by SEM and iii) expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by qRT-PCR and ELISA. For statistics two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used (p<0.05). After treatment, cells presented similar viability and morphology demonstrating that the treatments were not able to induce cell death. Gene expression was significantly higher for TNF-α and IL1-β after 12 h, and for IL-6 after 24 h in the N and LN groups. Cytokine production over time was an ascending curve for TNF-α with the peak at 48 h and IL1-β and IL-6 had a straight line among the time points, although cells from N group presented a significant production of IL-6 at 48 h. In conclusion, these results suggest that titanium nanoparticles stimulate stronger pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, independent of their association with LPS from P.gingivalis.Effect of Milk Renewal on Cell Viability In Vitro at Different Time Frames10.1590/0103-64402016011642024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZSouza, Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes deAlves, Ana Maria HeckeRibeiro, Dayane MachadoSantos, Luciane Geanini Pena dosSimões, Claudia Maria de OliveiraFelippe, Wilson TadeuFelippe, Mara Cristina Santos
<em>Souza, Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes De</em>;
<em>Alves, Ana Maria Hecke</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Dayane Machado</em>;
<em>Santos, Luciane Geanini Pena Dos</em>;
<em>Simões, Claudia Maria De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Felippe, Wilson Tadeu</em>;
<em>Felippe, Mara Cristina Santos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the renewal of milk as a storage medium, every 12, 24 and 48 h, is able to increase its ability to maintain human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) viability over time. PDLF were soaked in Minimum Essential Medium at 37 °C (MEM-37) (positive control), tap water (Water) (negative control) and in skimmed milk (44 wells) at 5 °C and 20 °C. The skimmed milk was renewed every 12 h (Milk-12), 24 h (Milk-24) and 48 h (Milk-48) in 11 wells of each plate, and the milk in the remaining 11 wells of each plate was maintained in situ (not renewed milk) (NRM). After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, cell viability was determined by the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Scheffé and Mann-Whitney tests (a=5%). At 5 °C, only Milk-48 was significantly better than NRM. At 20 °C, NRM was more effective than Milk-12 and Milk-24 in all time periods. In relation to the temperature (5 °C or 20 °C), renewal of milk at 5 °C was better in maintaining cell viability than the renewal at 20 °C. In conclusion, the renewal of milk was able to increase its ability to maintain cell viability only when performed every 48 h in milk maintained at 5 °C.Tooth Loss in Patients under Periodontal Maintenance in a Private Practice: A Retrospective Study10.1590/0103-64402017014762024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZStadler, Amanda FingerMendez, MarinaOppermann, Rui VicenteGomes, Sabrina Carvalho
<em>Stadler, Amanda Finger</em>;
<em>Mendez, Marina</em>;
<em>Oppermann, Rui Vicente</em>;
<em>Gomes, Sabrina Carvalho</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and causes of tooth loss in periodontal subjects from a private practice in Brazil. Two trained examiners extracted data from the records of subjects who sought periodontal treatment from 1980 to 2013. Only records of patients who completed the non-surgical periodontal treatment and had at least one visit for maintenance were included. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, Student’s t-test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression. A total of 3,319 records were reviewed and 737 records included (58.6% women, mean age of 46.6±13.0 years at the beginning of the treatment). Maintenance period ranged from 1 to 33 years (7.4±6 years). During this period, 202 individuals (27.4%) lost 360 teeth, 47.5% of losses within the first five years (n=171). Non-compliers lost more teeth than compliers (p<0.001), respectively 211 and 149 teeth. Regarding reasons of tooth loss, 84 individuals lost 38% of the teeth from periodontal disease progression (n=137). Survival analysis showed that most patients lost only one tooth from periodontal disease, and differences in the survival rates between compliers and non-compliers were observed following the second tooth loss. Approximately one-third of tooth losses was related to periodontal disease progression, and there was stability in time of the proportion of losses from disease progression and other reasons. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that compliant patients in a private practice lose fewer teeth than do non-compliers. Among compliers, periodontal disease progression was not the main cause of tooth loss.Effect of Intermediate Flush Using Different Devices to Prevent Chemical Smear Layer Formation10.1590/0103-64402017014382024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZSilva, Camilla CorrêaFerreira, Vivian Maria DurangeDe-Deus, GustavoHerrera, Daniel RodrigoPrado, Maíra doSilva, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da
<em>Silva, Camilla Corrêa</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Vivian Maria Durange</em>;
<em>De-Deus, Gustavo</em>;
<em>Herrera, Daniel Rodrigo</em>;
<em>Prado, Maíra Do</em>;
<em>Silva, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study compared the effect of intermediate flush with distilled water delivered by conventional irrigation, EndoVac microcannula or Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system in the prevention of chemical smear layer (CSL) formation. Thirty human premolars were used. Canals were prepared with Reciproc system and 5.25% NaOCl. After chemomechanical preparation, samples were divided in 3 groups (n=10) according to the intermediate irrigation protocol with distilled water using: conventional irrigation, EndoVac microcannula or SAF. A final flush with 2% chlorhexidine solution was used and scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess protocol effectiveness. Two calibrated evaluators attributed scores according the presence or absence of CSL on the surface of the root canal walls at the coronal, middle and apical thirds, as follows: (1) no CSL; (2) small amounts of CSL; (3) moderate CSL; and (4) heavy CSL. Differences between protocols were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for comparison between each root canal third. SAF resulted in less formation of CSL when compared with the conventional irrigation and EndoVac microcannula (p<0.05). When root canal thirds were analyzed, conventional irrigation and EndoVac groups showed less CSL formation at coronal and middle thirds in comparison to the apical third (p<0.05). In SAF group, there was no difference among the thirds (p>0.05). It may be concluded that an intermediate flush of distilled water, delivered by the SAF system resulted in a better reduction of CSL formation during chemomechanical preparation.Mechanical Preparation Showed Superior Shaping Ability than Manual Technique in Primary Molars - A Micro-Computed Tomography Study10.1590/0103-64402016015522024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZHidalgo, Lídia Regina da CostaSilva, Léa Assed Bezerra daLeoni, Graziela BianchiMazzi-Chaves, Jardel FranciscoCarvalho, Emily Eduardo da SilvaConsolaro, AlbertoSousa-Neto, Manoel Damião
<em>Hidalgo, Lídia Regina Da Costa</em>;
<em>Silva, Léa Assed Bezerra Da</em>;
<em>Leoni, Graziela Bianchi</em>;
<em>Mazzi-Chaves, Jardel Francisco</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Emily Eduardo Da Silva</em>;
<em>Consolaro, Alberto</em>;
<em>Sousa-Neto, Manoel Damião</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate canal preparation in primary molars with hand files, ProTaper Next and Self-Adjusting File (SAF) by 2D and 3D micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Canals of 24 primary molars were prepared with hand files (HF), ProTaper Next (PTN) and SAF (n=8/group). The teeth were scanned before and after root canal preparation and the pre- and postoperative micro-CT images were reconstructed. Changes in 2D (area, perimeter, roundness, minor and major diameter) and 3D [volume, surface area, structure model index (SMI)] morphological parameters, as well as canal transportation and lateral perforations were evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA; a=0.05). SAF presented smaller changes in minor diameter, volume and surface area compared with HF and PTN (p<0.05). PTN presented more circular canals after preparation. 3D analysis revealed greater transportation in HF. PTN and SAF presented more centered canal preparation, especially in curved areas. SAF and HF presented, respectively, the lowest (0.05±0.02 and 0.07±0.04) and highest (0.14±0.11 and 0.29±0.17) apical transportation. There were fewer lateral perforations in SAF (4.2%) and PTN (7.7%) than in HF (47.8%) (p<0.05). In primary molars, mechanical preparation showed better shaping ability than hand files, promoting more centered preparations and lower occurrence of lateral perforations and canal transportation. Clinical Relevance: Manual instrumentation is still reported as the main choice in the primary teeth preparation; however, studies have shown limitations in its use. The morphological characteristics of primary teeth and the limited knowledge of shaping procedures in these teeth using mechanical preparation become a challenge for clinical practice and might impair the predictability of endodontic treatment.Topographic and Chemical Analysis of Reciprocating and Rotary Instruments Surface after Continuous Use10.1590/0103-64402017015282024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZBastos, Mariana Mena BarretoHanan, Aida Rene AssayagBastos, Ana Mena BarretoMarques, André Augusto FrancoGarcia, Lucas da Fonseca RobertiSponchiado, Emílio Carlos
<em>Bastos, Mariana Mena Barreto</em>;
<em>Hanan, Aida Rene Assayag</em>;
<em>Bastos, Ana Mena Barreto</em>;
<em>Marques, André Augusto Franco</em>;
<em>Garcia, Lucas Da Fonseca Roberti</em>;
<em>Sponchiado, Emílio Carlos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the changes in surface characteristics and NiTi content of reciprocating and rotary instruments after continuous use. Thirty brand-new instruments were assigned to 3 groups (n=10): PNX1 Group - ProTaper Next system - instrument X1; PNX2 Group - ProTaper Next system - instrument X2 and WO Group - WaveOne system - Primary instrument 25.08. The instruments were used to prepare 60 simulated root canals. Analysis of surface characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis of Ni and Ti content by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed before and after the first and third use of the instruments. Only WO Group had significant increase in the quantity of defects and deformations after the third use (p<0.05). PNX1 Group had significant decrease in Ni content after the third use, in comparison with the unused instruments (p<0.05). PNX1 Group had no decrease in Ti content throughout the time of use (p>0.05), however, in PNX2 Group, there was significant decrease in the different time interval of analysis (p<0.05). Continuous use promoted increase in defects and deformations only for WaveOne instruments. Chemical composition presented significant changes according to the time of instruments use.Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Zirconia Crowns: A Comparative Study of Assessment Methods10.1590/0103-64402016015312024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZCunali, Rafael SchlögelSaab, Rafaella CaramoriCorrer, Gisele MariaCunha, Leonardo Fernandes daOrnaghi, Bárbara PickRitter, André V.Gonzaga, Carla Castiglia
<em>Cunali, Rafael Schlögel</em>;
<em>Saab, Rafaella Caramori</em>;
<em>Correr, Gisele Maria</em>;
<em>Cunha, Leonardo Fernandes Da</em>;
<em>Ornaghi, Bárbara Pick</em>;
<em>Ritter, André V.</em>;
<em>Gonzaga, Carla Castiglia</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Marginal and internal adaptation is critical for the success of indirect restorations. New imaging systems make it possible to evaluate these parameters with precision and non-destructively. This study evaluated the marginal and internal adaptation of zirconia copings fabricated with two different systems using both silicone replica and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) assessment methods. A metal master model, representing a preparation for an all-ceramic full crown, was digitally scanned and polycrystalline zirconia copings were fabricated with either Ceramill Zi (Amann-Girrbach) or inCoris Zi (Dentslpy-Sirona), n=10. For each coping, marginal and internal gaps were evaluated by silicone replica and micro-CT assessment methods. Four assessment points of each replica cross-section and micro-CT image were evaluated using imaging software: marginal gap (MG), axial wall (AW), axio-occlusal angle (AO) and mid-occlusal wall (MO). Data were statistically analyzed by factorial ANOVA and Tukey test (a=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the methods for MG and AW. For AO, there were significant differences between methods for Amann copings, while for Dentsply-Sirona copings similar values were observed. For MO, both methods presented statistically significant differences. A positive correlation was observed determined by the two assessment methods for MG values. In conclusion, the assessment method influenced the evaluation of marginal and internal adaptation of zirconia copings. Micro-CT showed lower marginal and internal gap values when compared to the silicone replica technique, although the difference was not always statistically significant. Marginal gap and axial wall assessment points showed the lower gap values, regardless of ceramic system and assessment method used.Microtensile Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems in Different Dentin Regions on a Class II Cavity Configuration10.1590/0103-64402017015412024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZSinhoreti, Mário Alexandre CoelhoSoares, Eveline FreitasAbuna, Gabriel FloresCorrer, LourençoRoulet, Jean-FrançoisGeraldeli, Saulo
<em>Sinhoreti, Mário Alexandre Coelho</em>;
<em>Soares, Eveline Freitas</em>;
<em>Abuna, Gabriel Flores</em>;
<em>Correr, Lourenço</em>;
<em>Roulet, Jean-François</em>;
<em>Geraldeli, Saulo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives systems compared in different dentin regions (central-CD or proximal-PD) in a class II cavity configuration. A class II (mesial-oclusal-distal) cavity configuration was simulated on 20 extracted human third-molars (4 mm wide/3 mm deep). Etch-and-rinse adhesive (Scotchbond Multi Purpose, n=5, SBMP and Optibond FL, n=5, OPFL) and self-etch adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond, n=5, CSE and Optibond XTR, n=5, OPXTR) were applied. Class II restorations were performed by incremental technique and photo-activated (Bluephase/G2). Samples were sectioned to beam shape (1 mm² cross-section), placed on Geraldeli’s device for µTBS test (0.5 mm/min cross-head speed). Fracture patterns were analyzed on stereomicroscope and classified as cohesive-resin, adhesive, mixed/resin or mixed/dentin. Samples (n=4) were prepared for scanning electron microscope observation. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA with Split-Plot arrangement and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among SBMP, OPFL, CSE and OPXTR on CD (p>0.05). However, on PD for SBMP and OPFL, µTBS values were significantly lower compared to CSE and OPXTR (p<0.05). In all groups, mixed failure pattern was more frequently observed, except for SBMP/CD (adhesive). In class II type cavity configuration, PD location negatively influenced bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Opposite to self-etching adhesives, which presented higher bond strength values compared to etch-and-rinse adhesives in PD.Fluoride Varnishes against Dental Erosion Caused by Soft Drink Combined with Pediatric Liquid Medicine10.1590/0103-64402017015672024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZAlexandria, Adílis KalinaValença, Ana Maria GondimCabral, Lúcio MendesMaia, Lucianne Cople
<em>Alexandria, Adílis Kalina</em>;
<em>Valença, Ana Maria Gondim</em>;
<em>Cabral, Lúcio Mendes</em>;
<em>Maia, Lucianne Cople</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of NaF and CPP-ACP/NaF varnishes to reduce erosion produced by soft drink (SD) combined or not with pediatric liquid medicine. Enamel specimens were pre-treated with fluoride varnish, according to the following groups: NaF varnish (Duraphat®) or CPP-ACP/NaF varnish (MI varnishTM). Two types of erosive cycles were made: by soft drink erosion (SDE) or by pediatric liquid medicine plus soft drink erosion (PLM/SDE). Bovine enamel specimens were randomly assigned in six groups (n=10): G1=NaF + SDE; G2=CPP-ACP/NaF + SDE; G3=Distilled and deionized (DD) water + SDE; G4=NaF + PLM/SDE; G5=CPP-ACP/NaF + PLM/SDE and G6=DD water + PLM/SDE. Before treatments, the sample surface was divided in two areas (unexposed area-UA and exposed area-EA). The specimens were evaluated by 3D non-contact profilometry technique to determinate tooth structure loss (TSL) and surface roughness (Sa). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also performed. After SDE, G2 presented the lowest TSL values compared to G3 (p=0.008). G1 and G2 did not differ between them (p=0.203) and no groups differed among them despite Sa. Regarding TSL and Sa, G4 and G5 differed from G6 (p=0.0001), but not between them (p=1.00). Examining 3D and SEM images, the greatest differences between UA and EA were observed for G3 and G6. CPP-ACP/NaF varnish seems to be a promising treatment to reduce enamel loss from the erosion produced by a soft drink. Both varnishes also showed capacity to reduce TSL and Sa after erosion by soft drink combined to pediatric liquid medicine.Effect of a Bioactive Glass Ceramic on the Control of Enamel and Dentin Erosion Lesions10.1590/0103-64402016015242024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZChinelatti, Michelle AlexandraTirapelli, CamilaCorona, Silmara Aparecida MiloriJasinevicius, Renato GoulartPeitl, OscarZanotto, Edgar DutraPires-de-Souza, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
<em>Chinelatti, Michelle Alexandra</em>;
<em>Tirapelli, Camila</em>;
<em>Corona, Silmara Aparecida Milori</em>;
<em>Jasinevicius, Renato Goulart</em>;
<em>Peitl, Oscar</em>;
<em>Zanotto, Edgar Dutra</em>;
<em>Pires-De-Souza, Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a bioactive glass ceramic for the control of erosion and caries lesions. Fragments (n=10) of bovine enamel and root dentin received daily application of different treatments (Biosilicate; Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride- APF; Untreated - control) during the performance of erosive cycles. Surfaces were analyzed with 3D optical profilometry to quantify the superficial loss in four periods (1, 7, 14 and 21 days), as well as the lesion depth with confocal laser scanning microscopy. For caries progression assessment, initial Knoop microhardness was measured on enamel bovine fragments. Initial carious lesions were developed and specimens were divided into three groups (n=10), according to the daily topical application (Biosilicate; APF; no application - control), during the de-remineralization cycles for 14 days. Final microhardness was obtained to calculate the change of surface microhardness. Subsurface demineralization was analyzed using cross-sectional microhardness (depths 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 220 µm). Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=5%). Results of erosive evaluation showed that Biosilicate promoted the lowest (p<0.05) values of surface loss, regardless of time, for both enamel and dentin; APF promoted lower (p<0.05) surface loss than control; analyzing different periods of time, APF did not show difference (p>0.05) between 14 and 21 days of demineralization. Results of enamel caries assessment showed that Biosilicate resulted in higher (p<0.05) surface and subsurface microhardness than both APF and control-applications. It may be concluded that Biosilicate application showed a higher potential to reduce surface loss and development of erosion and caries lesions.Quantification of Streptococcus mutans in Different Types of Ligature Wires and Elastomeric Chains10.1590/0103-64402016014012024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZShirozaki, Mariana UmekitaFerreira, José Tarcísio LimaKüchler, Erika CalvanoMatsumoto, Mírian Aiko NakaneAires, Carolina PatríciaNelson-Filho, PauloRomano, Fábio Lourenço
<em>Shirozaki, Mariana Umekita</em>;
<em>Ferreira, José Tarcísio Lima</em>;
<em>Küchler, Erika Calvano</em>;
<em>Matsumoto, Mírian Aiko Nakane</em>;
<em>Aires, Carolina Patrícia</em>;
<em>Nelson-Filho, Paulo</em>;
<em>Romano, Fábio Lourenço</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study aimed to test the hypothesis that Streptococcus mutans contamination levels differ according to the type of the orthodontic ligature. Thirteen patients were selected. Each quadrant was randomly subjected to one of the following ligature-use protocols: I) elastomeric chain, II) steel ligature crossed over the archwire, III) steel ligature crossed under the archwire, and IV) steel ligature in a figure-eight pattern under the archwire. After seven days, the devices were removed and the Streptococcus mutans colony-forming unit count per mg of biofilm weight was determined. Twelve specimens (n=3) were also processed for scanning electron microscopy analysis. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test were used for comparisons to assess S. mutans differences between groups at a 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference in detectable levels of S. mutans among the groups (p=0.294). Scanning electron microscopy results showed abundant biofilms and microbial contamination in all groups. In conclusion, S. mutans contamination levels are similar in the different orthodontic ligatures.Interaction of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Induced Tooth Movement in Rats10.1590/0103-64402016011192024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZKarakida, Lilian MaryAraujo, Cristiano Miranda deJohann, Aline Cristina Batista RodriguesCamargo, Elisa SouzaTanaka, Orlando MotohiroGuariza, Odilon Guariza
<em>Karakida, Lilian Mary</em>;
<em>Araujo, Cristiano Miranda De</em>;
<em>Johann, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Camargo, Elisa Souza</em>;
<em>Tanaka, Orlando Motohiro</em>;
<em>Guariza, Odilon Guariza</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study evaluated the interaction between tooth movement and two anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), Deposteron® and Nebido®. One hundred Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (C) n=30, Nebido experimental (N) n=35 and Deposteron experimental (D) n=35. The control group was subdivided into 6 subgroups: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14. The experimental groups were subdivided into 7 subgroups: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14, which corresponded to the day of animal’s euthanasia after applying orthodontic force. Orthodontic devices were used to induce tooth movement using 50 cN of reciprocal force between the maxillary right first molar and the maxillary incisors. After euthanasia, the tissues were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Osteoclasts, Howship’s lacunae and blood vessels were quantified. Groups N and D showed acceleration in the reorganization of the periodontal ligament compared to group C. The peak of the histological events occurred in group C on day 5 and in groups N and D on day 3 after installation of the orthodontic device. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of osteoclasts (p<0.05) between groups N3 and C3, and between groups N3 and D3. Supra-physiological doses of the AAS Nebido® and Deposteron® altered the number of osteoclasts, Howship’s lacunae and blood vessels, accelerating the reorganization of the periodontal ligament, resulting in accelerated biological effects from the induced tooth movement in rats.Dosimetry in CBCT with Different Protocols: Emphasis on Small FOVs Including Exams for TMJ10.1590/0103-64402017015252024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZNascimento, Helena Aguiar RibeiroAndrade, Marcos Ely AlmeidaFrazão, Marco Antonio GomesNascimento, Eduarda Helena LeandroRamos-Perez, Flavia Maria MoraesFreitas, Deborah Queiroz
<em>Nascimento, Helena Aguiar Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Andrade, Marcos Ely Almeida</em>;
<em>Frazão, Marco Antonio Gomes</em>;
<em>Nascimento, Eduarda Helena Leandro</em>;
<em>Ramos-Perez, Flavia Maria Moraes</em>;
<em>Freitas, Deborah Queiroz</em>;
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Abstract This study aimed to estimate the absorbed dose in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams according to different exposure parameters and size and position of the field of view (FOV). In addition was compared the absorbed dose of two smaller FOV scans with that of a larger FOV scan for evaluation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as it is a bilateral structure. CBCT scans were obtained on OP300 Maxio unit varying scanning mode (standard, high and endo) as well as size (5x5, 6x8 and 8x15 cm) and positioning of FOV. With a small FOV, different areas were scanned (maxilla or mandible, anterior or posterior and TMJ). Absorbed doses were determined using thermoluminescent dosimeters on the skin surface of sensitive organs of an anthropomorphic phantom. Endo mode showed the highest dose, followed by the high and standard modes in all FOV positions. With small FOV, doses were higher in the posterior region, especially in the mandible. Dose reduction occurred when small FOVs were used, but it was not proportional to FOV size reduction. For TMJ, the dose in a single acquisition with large FOV was greater than two acquisitions with small FOV, but lower than two acquisitions with medium FOV (6x8 cm). In conclusion, scanning mode, size and FOV position have great influence on the absorbed dose. Small FOV decreases the dose, but there is no linear relation between FOV size and dose. For bilateral exams of TMJ, double acquisition with small FOVs produces decrease in absorbed dose relative to a large FOV.Cheiloscopic Study among Monozygotic Twins, Non-Twin Brothers and Non-Relative Individuals10.1590/0103-64402017009222024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZFernandes, Larissa Chaves CardosoOliveira, Julyana de AraújoSantiago, Bianca MarquesRabello, Patrícia MoreiraCarvalho, Marcus Vitor Diniz deCampello, Reginaldo Inojosa CarneiroSoriano, Evelyne Pessoa
<em>Fernandes, Larissa Chaves Cardoso</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Julyana De Araújo</em>;
<em>Santiago, Bianca Marques</em>;
<em>Rabello, Patrícia Moreira</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Marcus Vitor Diniz De</em>;
<em>Campello, Reginaldo Inojosa Carneiro</em>;
<em>Soriano, Evelyne Pessoa</em>;
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate cheiloscopic patterns among monozygotic twins (MT), non-twin siblings (NTS) and unrelated individuals (UI). The sample consisted of 20 pairs of monozygotic twins (G1), 20 pairs of non-twin siblings (G2) and 20 pairs of unrelated individuals (G3). Lip thickness, commissures and grooves were evaluated and the latter were classified as: I - clear-cut vertical grooves; I’ - incomplete vertical grooves; II - branched grooves; III - intersecting; IV - reticular grooves and V - undetermined, in 8 labial regions (sub-quadrants). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a 5% significance level. Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) and Kappa coefficient, with a 95% confidence interval, were employed to check for agreement rates between G1, G2 and G3 pairs. There was a weak correlation for lip thickness (<0.90) in the total group, with higher values in G1 (CCC from 0.25 to 0.83 and from 0.34 to 0.86, upper and lower lips, respectively), followed by G2 (CCC from -0.03 to 0.70 and from -0.21 to 0.62, upper and lower lips, respectively) and G3 (CCC from -0.25 to 0.56 and from -0.38 to 0.34, upper and lower lips, respectively). With regard to labial commissures, Kappa statistic values were found to be 1.00 for G1, 0.45 for G2 and -0.24 for G3. As for the main groove pattern by sub-quadrant, Kappa values ranged from 0.48 to 0.87 for G1, from 0.17 to 0.59 for G2, and from -0.18 to 0.19 for G3. Monozygotic twins presented a relevant percentage of cheiloscopic agreements. Similarities were also found among NTS, while UI showed greater differences compared to their pairs, highlighting the influence of hereditary relationships on inherited cheiloscopic features.Oral Problems and Self-Confidence in Preschool Children10.1590/0103-64402016012952024-03-19T20:31:31.592000Z2020-08-09T06:48:16.145000ZGomes, Monalisa CesarinoPerazzo, Matheus FrançaNeves, Érick TássioMartins, Carolina CastroPaiva, Saul MartinsGranville-Garcia, Ana Flávia
<em>Gomes, Monalisa Cesarino</em>;
<em>Perazzo, Matheus França</em>;
<em>Neves, Érick Tássio</em>;
<em>Martins, Carolina Castro</em>;
<em>Paiva, Saul Martins</em>;
<em>Granville-Garcia, Ana Flávia</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of clinical oral factors, socioeconomic factors and parental sense of coherence on affected self-confidence in preschool children due to oral problems. A cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling was conducted at public and private preschools with 769 five-year-old children and their parents/caretakers. A questionnaire addressing socio-demographic characteristics as well as the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five-Year-Old Children (SOHO-5) and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) were administered. The dependent variable was self-confidence and was determined using the SOHO-5 tool. Dental caries (ICDAS II), malocclusion and traumatic dental injury (TDI) were recorded during the clinical exam. Clinical examinations were performed by examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises (intra-examiner agreement: 0.82-1.00 and inter-examiner agreement: 0.80-1.00). Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis were performed (a=5%). Among the children, 91.3% had dental caries, 57.7% had malocclusion, 52.8% had signs of traumatic dental injury and 26.9% had bruxism. The following variables exerted a greater negative impact on the self-confidence of the preschool children due to oral problems: attending public school (PR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.09-4.68), a history of toothache (PR=4.45; 95% CI: 2.00-9.91) and weak parental sense of coherence (PR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.03-5.01). Based on the present findings, clinical variables (dental pain), socio-demographic characteristics and parental sense of coherence can exert a negative impact on self-confidence in preschool children due to oral problems.