Ciência Ruralhttps://www.scielo.br/feed/cr/2017.v47n8/2024-02-27T20:03:40.294000ZUnknown authorVol. 47 No. 8 - 2017WerkzeugGenetic correlation and path analysis of common bean collected from Caceres Mato Grosso State, Brazil10.1590/0103-8478cr201608152024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZGonçalves, Danilo de LimaBarelli, Marco Antonio AparecidoOliveira, Taniele Carvalho deSantos, Paulo Ricardo Junges dosSilva, Claudete Rosa daPoletine, Juliana ParisottoNeves, Leonarda Grillo
<em>Gonçalves, Danilo De Lima</em>;
<em>Barelli, Marco Antonio Aparecido</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Taniele Carvalho De</em>;
<em>Santos, Paulo Ricardo Junges Dos</em>;
<em>Silva, Claudete Rosa Da</em>;
<em>Poletine, Juliana Parisotto</em>;
<em>Neves, Leonarda Grillo</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to determine genetic correlations of agronomic traits and to evaluate direct and indirect effects, through path analysis, between variables analyzed with grain yield. Forty accessions of common bean, cultivated at Caceres County were evaluated, by using randomized complete blocks design with three repetitions. Coefficient magnitudes of genotypic correlations were superior to phenotypic and environmental ones for most correlations, suggesting greater influence of genetic factor than environmental factors. In order to determine the importance of direct and indirect effects, path analysis was performed, which provided greater reliability in interpretations of cause and effect between studied traits, indicating that grain yield may be explained by the effects of analyzed traits. Number of seeds per plant (0.801) and grain weight (0.641) showed higher favorable effect over grain yield, allowing its use in direct or indirect selection for grain yield in common bean.Material evaluation for bagging of cantaloupe melons10.1590/0103-8478cr201610162024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZVendruscolo, Eduardo PradiLeal, Lucas RodriguesSilva, Bruno César de Sousa eCampos, Luiz Fernandes CardosoMartins, Angélica Pires BatistaSeleguini, Alexsander
<em>Vendruscolo, Eduardo Pradi</em>;
<em>Leal, Lucas Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Silva, Bruno César De Sousa E</em>;
<em>Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso</em>;
<em>Martins, Angélica Pires Batista</em>;
<em>Seleguini, Alexsander</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate different materials for field bagging with respect to the physicochemical changes caused in cantaloupe melon fruits. The study was conducted in a protected environment in the city of Goiânia, Goiás in Brazil. The experiment consisted of five treatments, with bagging of cantaloupe melon fruits with four materials (newspaper, Kraft paper, NWF, and polyethylene) and a control treatment without bagging, in a randomized block design with five replications of one plant with a fruit each. Fruits were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics. Number of days from bagging to harvest was also recorded and visual aspects of the fruit were observed. The materials as well as the time interval between the bagging and harvest affect physicochemical characteristics such as accumulation of soluble solids and thickness of the green pulp halo and visual aspects of the fruit. This study recommends bagging cantaloupe melons using white non-woven fabric or to not use the technique at all, under the conditions similar to those used in the study. In addition, using polyethylene for the bagging of fruit is not recommended, because this material has a deleterious effect on the characteristics essential for commercialization of melons.Postharvest quality of ‘Galaxy’ apples submitted to the treatment with 1-MCP and different cooling times between harvest and cold storage10.1590/0103-8478cr201609262024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZHackbarth, CrizaneSteffens, Cristiano AndréAmarante, Cassandro Vidal Talamini doStanger, Mayara CristianaBrackmann, Auri
<em>Hackbarth, Crizane</em>;
<em>Steffens, Cristiano André</em>;
<em>Amarante, Cassandro Vidal Talamini Do</em>;
<em>Stanger, Mayara Cristiana</em>;
<em>Brackmann, Auri</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: In this research it was evaluated if the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), associated to different cooling times between the harvest and storage, replaces the pre-cooling in ‘Galaxy’ apples. Treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme, combining the following factors: application of 1-MCP (with or without) and different times between harvest and cooling (24 hours, 96 hours, 144 hours and 192 hours in 2013; and 24 hours, 48 hours, 144 hours and 240 hours in 2014). After four months of cold storage (1.0±0.2°C/92±5% RH - Relative Humidity) were evaluated: flesh firmness, texture, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and skin color. Apples treated with 1-MCP showed greater flesh firmness, texture and SS, in both years, and more TA and lower incidence of mealy flesh compared to apples not treated with 1-MCP in 2013. The 1-MCP was effective in maintaining the fruit quality, even with the cooling delay of up to 240 hours. Cooling delay of 192 hours and 240 hours in ‘Galaxy’ apples not treated with 1-MCP should be avoided because it reduces the quality of fruits.Water and sucrose diffusion coefficients during osmotic dehydration of sapodilla (<i>Achras zapota</i> L.)10.1590/0103-8478cr201509242024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZCoimbra, Lívia Muritiba Pereira de LimaArruda, Hayanna Adlley Santos deMachado, Erilane de Castro LimaSalgado, Silvana MagalhãesAlbuquerque, Sônia Sousa Melo Cavalcanti deAndrade, Samara Alvachian Cardoso
<em>Coimbra, Lívia Muritiba Pereira De Lima</em>;
<em>Arruda, Hayanna Adlley Santos De</em>;
<em>Machado, Erilane De Castro Lima</em>;
<em>Salgado, Silvana Magalhães</em>;
<em>Albuquerque, Sônia Sousa Melo Cavalcanti De</em>;
<em>Andrade, Samara Alvachian Cardoso</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Sapodilla is an original fruit from Central America that is well adapted in all regions of the Brazilian territory. Despite its wide adaptation and acceptance in fruit markets, it is rare to find it outside tropical regions, partially because of its high perishability. The development of alternative, simple, and inexpensive methods to extend the conservation and marketing of these fruits is important, and osmotic dehydration is one of these methods. The main objective of this study was to determine the water and sucrose diffusion coefficients during the osmotic dehydration of sapodilla. This process was performed in short duration (up to 6h) to evaluate detailed information on water loss and solids gain kinetics at the beginning of the process and in long duration (up to 60h) to determine the equilibrium concentrations in sapodilla. The immersion time had greater influence on the water and sucrose diffusion coefficients (P<0.05); the maximum water loss (WL) and solute gain (SG) occurred in the osmotic solution at the highest concentration. Water and sucrose diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.00 x 10-10 m2/s to 1.858 x 10-10 m2/s, and from 0.00 x 10-10to 2.304 x 10-10 m2/s, respectively. Thus, understanding the WL and SG kinetics during the process of sapodilla osmotic dehydration could significantly contribute to new alternatives of preservation and commercialization of this fruit.Double sigmoidal models describing the growth of coffee berries10.1590/0103-8478cr201606462024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZFernandes, Tales JesusPereira, Adriele AparecidaMuniz, Joel Augusto
<em>Fernandes, Tales Jesus</em>;
<em>Pereira, Adriele Aparecida</em>;
<em>Muniz, Joel Augusto</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify if the growth pattern of coffee berries, considering fresh mass accumulation over time, is double sigmoid and to select the most suitable nonlinear model to describe such behavior. Data used consisted of fourteen longitudinal observations of average fresh mass of coffee berries obtained in an experiment with the cultivar Obatã IAC 1669-20. The fits provided by the Logistic and Gompertz models were compared in their single and double versions. Parameters were estimated using the least squares method using the Gauss-Newton algorithm implemented in the nls function of the R software. It can be concluded that the growth pattern of the coffee fruit, in fresh mass accumulation, is double sigmoid. The double Gompertz and double Logistic models were adequate to describe such a growth curve, with a superiority of the double Logistic model.Genetic parameters, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations and genetic variability on sunflower in the Brazilian Savannah10.1590/0103-8478cr201607192024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZLira, Ellen GrippiAmabile, Renato FernandoFagioli, MarceloMontalvão, Ana Paula Leite
<em>Lira, Ellen Grippi</em>;
<em>Amabile, Renato Fernando</em>;
<em>Fagioli, Marcelo</em>;
<em>Montalvão, Ana Paula Leite</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual crop that stands out for its production of high quality oil and for an efficient selection, being necessary to estimate the components of genetic and phenotypic variance. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations and genetic variability on sunflower in the Brazilian Savannah, evaluating the characters grain yield (YIELD), days to start flowering (DFL) based on flowering date in R5, chapter length (CL), weight of a thousand achenes (WTA), plant height (H) and oil content (OilC) of 16 sunflower genotypes. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, situated at 15º 35’ 30”S latitude, 47º 42’ 30”W longitude and 1.007m above sea level, in soil classified as dystroferric Oxisol. The experimental design used was a complete randomized block with four replicates. The nature for the effects of genotypes and blocks was fixed. Except for the character chapter length, genetic variance was the main component of the phenotypic variance among the genotypes, indicating high genetic variability and experimental efficiency with proper environmental control. In absolute terms, the genetic correlations were superior to phenotypic and environmental. The high values reported for heritability and selective accuracy indicated efficiency of phenotypic selection. Results showed high genetic variability among genotypes, which may contribute to the genetic improvement of sunflower.Ecogeography of <i>Lippia rotundifolia</i> Cham. in Minas Gerais, Brazil10.1590/0103-8478cr201609212024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZMeira, Messulan RodriguesMartins, Ernane RonieResende, Luciane Vilela
<em>Meira, Messulan Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Martins, Ernane Ronie</em>;
<em>Resende, Luciane Vilela</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Lippia rotundifolia is a specie native to the Brazilian Cerrado, endemic to the Cadeia do Espinhaço mountain range. Due to the limited information about the species, the present study aimed to characterize the ecogeography, climate conditions and physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of Lippia rotundifolia in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thirteen sites were ecogeographically characterized: Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruaçu; Gigante; Rio do Peixe; AEP of Olhos D’água; Joaquim Felício; Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras; Rio Tigre; RPPN Brumas do Espinhaço; Lapinha; Poço Bonito; Abóboras; and Parque Estadual de Serra Nova. Environments belonged to Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, specifically in rocky and altitude fields. The species occurs at altitudes between 691-1311m, with precipitation between 700 to 1600mm and average temperature between 14.5 to 24°C. In these vegetation types, the soils were sandy, hyper dystrophic and highly toxic with a low cation exchange capacity. These characteristics make the species undemanding with regard to edaphoclimatic and ecogeographic factors.Chemical composition and yield of essential oil from three <i>Croton</i> species10.1590/0103-8478cr201610542024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSouza, Giuliane Sampaio deBonilla, Oriel HerreraLucena, Eliseu Marlônio Pereira deBarbosa, Yuri Pereira
<em>Souza, Giuliane Sampaio De</em>;
<em>Bonilla, Oriel Herrera</em>;
<em>Lucena, Eliseu Marlônio Pereira De</em>;
<em>Barbosa, Yuri Pereira</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Marmeleiros are popularly known for the medicinal properties ascribed to their essential oils. This research aimed to analyze the essential oil of leaves from three Croton species (Croton argyrophylloides, Croton jacobinensis, and Croton sincorensis), to verify whether the daily time and harvest season in the year may interfere with their essential oils performance and composition. From each species, 1,500g of green leaves were harvested in Viçosa do Ceará - CE, at 6am and 12pm, during both dry and rainy seasons. Essential oil extraction was conducted by the method of water vapor drag and chemical profile was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest yield was obtained at 12pm in the dry season for C. argyrophylloides and C. jacobinensis, and at 6am in the rainy season for C. sincorensis. Bicyclogermacrene demonstrated higher relative abundance in C. argyrophylloides (28.09 to 30.59%), C. jacobinensis (25.2 to 30.14%), and C. sincorensis (23.86 and 21.71%), and the only exception was at 6am in C. sincorensis, where (E)-caryophyllene was the most abundant compound (25.34%). The yield and composition of the studied species were influenced by rainfall, temperature, and sunlight, presenting statistical significant differences between the different periods studied. The species produce constituents with specific biological properties; and therefore, they can be used as a natural source.Plant extract and essential oils added as antimicrobials to cheeses: a review10.1590/0103-8478cr201609082024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZGouvea, Fabiola dos SantosRosenthal, AmauriFerreira, Elisa Helena da Rocha
<em>Gouvea, Fabiola Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Rosenthal, Amauri</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Elisa Helena Da Rocha</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Cheese is a food that is highly susceptible to contamination by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, which can result in a decrease in its shelf life and cause serious risks to the consumers’ health. Consumers always require healthy food, free of synthetic preservatives, inducing a search for natural alternatives to ensure safety of the products. Essential oils and plant extracts emerge as an alternative for aiding cheese preservation. Some substances have demonstrated good effects against most pathogens and cheese spoilage microorganisms. However, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence the actions of these compounds when incorporated into cheese, besides affecting the product characteristics. This review aims at discussing the antimicrobial efficiency of plant extracts and essential oils as well as the impact of their incorporation on lactic bacteria and the sensory characteristics of products.Methods for the evaluation of antibiotic resistance in <i>Lactobacillus</i> isolated from fermented sausages10.1590/0103-8478cr201609662024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZWolupeck, Hanna LethyciaMorete, Crisley AparecidaDallaSanta, Osmar RobertoLuciano, Fernando BittencourtMadeira, Humberto Maciel FrançaMacedo, Renata Ernlund Freitas de
<em>Wolupeck, Hanna Lethycia</em>;
<em>Morete, Crisley Aparecida</em>;
<em>Dallasanta, Osmar Roberto</em>;
<em>Luciano, Fernando Bittencourt</em>;
<em>Madeira, Humberto Maciel França</em>;
<em>Macedo, Renata Ernlund Freitas De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance in 54 indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from artisanal fermented sausages. The confirmation of the strain species was performed by multiplex-PCR assay. Antibiotic resistance was assessed by disk diffusion (DD) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Of 54 L. plantarum, 44 strains were genotypically confirmed as L. plantarum and 3 as Lactobacillus pentosus. The highest resistance rates were to ampicillin and streptomycin. The highest susceptibility rates were shown to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and penicillin G. None of the strains showed multidrug resistance. Resistance rates by DD and MIC were not different (P>0.05) for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and penicillin G. Future research should assess the genetic mechanisms underlying the phenotypic resistance in Lactobacillus strains to screen the potential probiotic strains for the development of functional meat products.Molecular demonstration of intermittent shedding of <i>Leptospira</i> in cattle and sheep and its implications on control10.1590/0103-8478cr201700882024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZRocha, Bruno RibeiroNarduche, LorenaOliveira, Clara SladeMartins, GabrielLilenbaum, Walter
<em>Rocha, Bruno Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Narduche, Lorena</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Clara Slade</em>;
<em>Martins, Gabriel</em>;
<em>Lilenbaum, Walter</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: For a long time, it has been stated that urine leptospiral shedding is intermittent, which was observed primarily by culturing. However, culturing presents serious limitations, mainly low sensitivity, and failure on detection of leptospires cannot be neglected. PCR presents several advantages, mainly higher sensitivity. The present study aimed to analyze the occurrence of intermittency on leptospiral shedding by PCR in naturally and experimentally infected animals. In this study two experiments were conducted, the first with 60 cows naturally infected from an endemic herd. The second one was conducted in three sheep experimentally infected, each one with a different strain of Leptospira (strains Copenhageni L1-130, Canicola LO-4 and Pomona Fromm). Considering cattle, 43.3% presented negative in all tests, the remaining (56.7%) were positive at least once. From these, only one (1.6%) was positive in all samples, and seven (11.8%) were positive only in the last sampling, making it impossible to evaluate the intermittency. Noteworthy, 26 cows (43.3%) presented the typical intermittent pattern of leptospiral shedding in urine. In sheep, all experimentally infected animals presented the typical intermittent shedding patterns, independently of the inoculated leptospiral strain. We considered that a careful serial analysis of urine samples for a more definitive and reliable individual diagnosis would be required for a successful antimicrobial therapy and control of leptospirosis on a herd.Use of metaphylactic protocols based on the risk to develop bovine respiratory diseases in feedlot cattle10.1590/0103-8478cr201611102024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZMagalhães, Layane QueirozBaptista, Anderson LopesFonseca, Pedro de AlmeidaMenezes, Guilherme LobatoNogueira, Geison MorelHeadley, Selwyn ArlingtonFritzen, Juliana Torres TomaziAlfieri, Amauri AlcindoSaut, João Paulo Elsen
<em>Magalhães, Layane Queiroz</em>;
<em>Baptista, Anderson Lopes</em>;
<em>Fonseca, Pedro De Almeida</em>;
<em>Menezes, Guilherme Lobato</em>;
<em>Nogueira, Geison Morel</em>;
<em>Headley, Selwyn Arlington</em>;
<em>Fritzen, Juliana Torres Tomazi</em>;
<em>Alfieri, Amauri Alcindo</em>;
<em>Saut, João Paulo Elsen</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) affect production rates negatively because it compromise health and well-being of the affected animal. The hypothesis of this study was that the use of metaphylactic protocols based on the risk to develop BRD would reduce morbidity and pulmonary lesions. For this purpose, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of two metaphylactic protocols on the morbidity of feedlot cattle with a known sanitary history, occurrence of pulmonary lesions at slaughter, and the possible participation of Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in the development of BRD. An experimental study was designed in which 3,094 adult, male, cattle, were grouped according to the risk to develop BRD: a) group without metaphylaxis (n=2,104), low-risk animals; b) metaphylaxis group with oxytetracycline (n=789), moderate-risk animals; c) metaphylaxis group with tildipirosin (n=201), high-risk animals. All cattle were immunized against pathogens associated with BRD (BoHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI3). The morbidity for BRD was 8.2% (253/3,094); cattle within the moderate-risk group for BRD had the lowest frequency (6.1%), followed by high-risk animals with tildipirosin metaphylaxis (6.5%) and low-risk without metaphylaxis (9.1%) (P=0.019). At the abattoir, 1.2% of lungs with lesions were found. There was a difference (P=0.036) in the frequency of pulmonary lesions between healthy animals (1.1%) and those diagnosed with BRD (2.8%). Two agents associated with BRD were identified by PCR assays in the lungs (n=37) of cattle: M. haemolytica (16.2%) and H. somni (5.4%). In addition, concomitant infections involving these pathogens were identified in the lungs of two steers. These results demonstrate that the use of metaphylactic protocols, based on the risk to develop BRD, reduces morbidity and pulmonary lesions in affected cattle. Furthermore, pulmonary lesions were more frequent in animals with a history of BRD.Residues of veterinary drugs in milk in Brazil10.1590/0103-8478cr201702152024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZNovaes, Stefani Faro deSchreiner, Lígia LindnerSilva, Isabella Pereira eFranco, Robson Maia
<em>Novaes, Stefani Faro De</em>;
<em>Schreiner, Lígia Lindner</em>;
<em>Silva, Isabella Pereira E</em>;
<em>Franco, Robson Maia</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Veterinary drugs are used in dairy cattle management mainly for therapy and prophylaxis of diseases, which chemicals may leave residues in milk. Human exposure and the unintentional consumption of residues of drugs can lead to side effects and development of resistant bacteria, representing a considerable concern to consumer health. This paper presents the occurrence of residues of veterinary drugs in milk from 2009 to 2011 in Brazil, monitored by the Official Program for Analysis of Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods of Animal Origin. A total of 961 samples were collected in the retail and evaluated for the main β-lactams, tetracyclines, amphenicol, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides and avermectins. Residues of veterinary drugs did not exceed maximum residue limit (MRL); although, there is a considerable use of critically/highly important antimicrobials and avermectins in dairy cows, especially quinolones and tetracyclines. Doxycycline (9%) and abamectin (1.6%) were detected, even though these substances are not intended to be used in milk producing animals for human consumption. Norfloxacin (15%) was observed; although, there are no MRL established, consequently, no residue level should have been detected. No residues of streptomycin, chloramphenicol and β-lactams were confirmed. Milk in Brazil contains low levels of veterinary drugs so that toxicological risk regarding milk consumption could not be considered as a public health concern. However, due to the nature of the samples, which correspond to milk from several farms, it could occur a dilution effect. The absence of MRL established for norfloxacin prevents suitable interpretation of the findings and makes tough the control of these chemical residues in food. Detection of some antimicrobials and avermectins may be linked to extra-label use or noncompliance withdrawal periods suggesting that good veterinary practices are not being followed, since residues of unauthorized drugs have been detected.Antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from genipap, baru and taruma10.1590/0103-8478cr201602522024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSantos, Fabíola Brandão dosRamos, Maria Isabel LimaMiyagusku, Luciana
<em>Santos, Fabíola Brandão Dos</em>;
<em>Ramos, Maria Isabel Lima</em>;
<em>Miyagusku, Luciana</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Microbial resistance is a serious public health problem, which has led to the search for alternative treatments to replace antibiotics, including studies to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of species in Brazil’s Cerrado. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of genipap, baru, and taruma against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion tests and microdilution. Results indicated that all genipap extracts showed inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) ranging between 150μg/mL and 940μg/mL against all microorganisms tested. Baru pulp extracts exhibited larger inhibition zones against S. aureus and MIC and MMC results between 150µg/mL and 1000µg/mL against all microorganisms except P. aeruginosa. The taruma 30% pulp and seed extracts exhibited the largest halos against S. aureus and MIC and MMC results were between 150μg/mL and 1000μg/mL against all microorganisms except C. albicans. All fruits displayed potential for antimicrobial activity, particularly the genipap’s pulp extracts. Further studies should be performed to identify compounds with antimicrobial activity and to test their applicability as preservatives in foods, as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and as sanitizing agents.Dermatophilosis in sheep raised under rotational grazing systems on irrigated pastures in the Brazilian semiarid region10.1590/0103-8478cr201609322024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZVieira, Vanessa DinizCorrea, Franklin RietVilela, Vinícius Longo RibeiroMedeiros, Márcia Alves deMorais, Dayana Firmino deSantos, Antonielson dosFeitosa, Thaís FerreiraAlmeida Neto, João Leite de
<em>Vieira, Vanessa Diniz</em>;
<em>Correa, Franklin Riet</em>;
<em>Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Márcia Alves De</em>;
<em>Morais, Dayana Firmino De</em>;
<em>Santos, Antonielson Dos</em>;
<em>Feitosa, Thaís Ferreira</em>;
<em>Almeida Neto, João Leite De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Seventeen outbreaks of dermatophilosis are reported from three farms affecting Santa Inês and Santa Inês x Dorper sheep that were reared in irrigated areas with rotational grazing at a stocking rate of 50 to 100 sheep per hectare, in the Brazilian semiarid region. Most outbreaks occurred after rains and affected sheep of different ages, with morbidity rates of 0.77% to 31%. Clinical signs were dermatitis with crusts that stood out easily and left areas of alopecia. Dermatophilus congolensis was isolated in cultures in 5% sheep blood agar by means of Haalstra’s method. Histologically, the epidermis showed extensive multifocal areas of ortho and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with intracorneal microabscesses and presence of D. congolensis. Sheep affected were isolated from the flocks and they recovered after treatment with 70,000IU of procaine penicillin G and 70mg of dihydrostreptomycin sulphate per kg of bodyweight. Dermatophilosis is a frequent endemic disease in rotational grazing systems with irrigated pastures and high stocking rates, which occurs with higher frequency after rains and can be controlled efficiently through isolation of the affected sheep, followed by application of a single dose of penicillin and streptomycin.Detection of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in a free-ranging giant anteater10.1590/0103-8478cr201611272024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZMorgado, Thais OliveiraKagueyama, Francielle CristinaRosa, Janaina Marcela AssunçãoBelizário, Melissa DebesaPacheco, Richard de CamposDutra, ValériaCorrêa, Sandra Helena RamiroPaz, Regina Celia Rodrigues da
<em>Morgado, Thais Oliveira</em>;
<em>Kagueyama, Francielle Cristina</em>;
<em>Rosa, Janaina Marcela Assunção</em>;
<em>Belizário, Melissa Debesa</em>;
<em>Pacheco, Richard De Campos</em>;
<em>Dutra, Valéria</em>;
<em>Corrêa, Sandra Helena Ramiro</em>;
<em>Paz, Regina Celia Rodrigues Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan, which establishes acute and chronic infections in birds and mammals, including humans. This note reports, for the first time, the detection and sequencing of DNA from T. gondii in the peripheral blood of a young free range giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). For the diagnosis, the following methods were used: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and positive serology (1:800) by means of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Since this species may be consumed by humans and predated by wild felids, its importance is emphasized as a probable source of zoonotic infection, in addition to its possible participation in the infection enzootic cycle. Although, parasitemia has been confirmed in this specimen, it presented no clinical sign of infection.Ovicidal activity of succinic acid isolated from sisal waste (<i>Agave sisalana</i>) against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats10.1590/0103-8478cr201700362024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSantos, Nathália Silva de SouzaSantos, Jener David GonçalvesSantos, Francianne OliveiraSerra, Taiane MenezesLima, Hélimar Gonçalves deBotura, Mariana BorgesBranco, AlexsandroBatatinha, Maria José Moreira
<em>Santos, Nathália Silva De Souza</em>;
<em>Santos, Jener David Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Santos, Francianne Oliveira</em>;
<em>Serra, Taiane Menezes</em>;
<em>Lima, Hélimar Gonçalves De</em>;
<em>Botura, Mariana Borges</em>;
<em>Branco, Alexsandro</em>;
<em>Batatinha, Maria José Moreira</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the succinic acid (SA) isolated from sisal waste against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats, using the egg hatching and larvae motility assays. In addition, potential cytotoxicity of SA on Vero cell cultures was investigated by means of MTT (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl, 2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. The SA induced a significant inhibition of egg hatching (P<0.05) at all concentrations tested (60 to 250µg mL-1), and the concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) values (mean ± standard deviation) were 90.3±2.8 and 130.6±3.5µg mL-1, respectively. The SA has not shown larvicidal activity. The SA was less toxic to the Vero cells, with the mean percentage of cell viability equal to 85±6.2% at the concentration of 130µg mL-1. The results suggested that SA has potential anthelmintic effect; although, more research is needed to confirm its activity in vivo.<i>Prototheca zopfii</i> genotype 2 disseminated infection in a dog with neurological signs10.1590/0103-8478cr201608772024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSonne, LucianaOliveira, Eduardo Conceição deArgenta, Fernando FronerMonteggia, Rafael SouzaFerreiro, LaerteRösler, UweKershaw, OliviaDriemeier, David
<em>Sonne, Luciana</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Eduardo Conceição De</em>;
<em>Argenta, Fernando Froner</em>;
<em>Monteggia, Rafael Souza</em>;
<em>Ferreiro, Laerte</em>;
<em>Rösler, Uwe</em>;
<em>Kershaw, Olivia</em>;
<em>Driemeier, David</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Prototheca zopfii is an alga that can cause disease in animals and humans. Here, we reported a case of systemic protothecosis in a 2-year-old female Boxer. The animal exhibited tetraparesis and vertical nystagmus. It died two weeks after the onset of clinical signs and was necropsied. At gross examination, whitish areas were identified in the heart. Oval or round structures were observed by microscopic examination, some of which formed morula-like structures compatible with algae in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Growth of Prototheca sp. was observed in the heart after culture at 37°C on Sabouraud agar medium with chloramphenicol. Immunohistochemical analysis of the heart and brain using an anti-Prototheca zopfii polyclonal antibody yielded positive results. Genotyping of the cultured agent from brain and heart samples was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism of a specific 18S rDNA fragment. P. zopfii genotype 2 was reported to be the cause of disseminated protothecosis in this dog with manifestation in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.Mechanical flexural <i>ex vivo</i> study of osteotomized swine femurs stabilized with two types of polyamide 12 rods10.1590/0103-8478cr201607572024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZAlmeida, Juliana Scarpa da SilveiraGarcia, Débora de OliveiraBortholin, Renato CamargoRazzino, Carlos AmaralHonsho, Cristiane dos SantosDias, Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalvesde Mattos-Junior, EwaldoDias, Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves
<em>Almeida, Juliana Scarpa Da Silveira</em>;
<em>Garcia, Débora De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Bortholin, Renato Camargo</em>;
<em>Razzino, Carlos Amaral</em>;
<em>Honsho, Cristiane Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Dias, Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalves</em>;
<em>De Mattos-Junior, Ewaldo</em>;
<em>Dias, Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Long bone fractures are commonly in surgery routine and several bone imobilization techniques are currently available. Technological progress has enabled to use low cost materials in surgical procedures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of polyamide 12 rods, solid and hollow in swine femurs, comparing them through flexion strength. This study had as second aim to fix the locking errors, commom place in interlocking nails, once polyamide 12 allows perforation in any direction by orthopaedic screw. Six groups were used: G1 - eight whole swine femurs; G2 - eight whole swine femurs with drilled medullary canal; G3 - two solid polyamide 12 rods; G4 - two hollow polyamide 12 rods; G5 - eight osteotomized drilled swine femurs with a solid polyamide 12 rod implanted in the medullary canal and locked by four 316L stainless steel screws; and G6 - similar to G5 but using hollow rods instead of solid ones. No significant differences were observed for the modulus of rupture between solid and hollow rods, demonstrating that both rods had similar performances. These results led to the speculation that the addition of other polymers to the hollow rods could increase their strength and thus the bone-implant system. Furthermore, the comparison between G1, G5 and G6 could be analyzed using the finite element method in future. New polymeric materials may be developed based on the data from this study, strengthening the bone-implant system and making possible screws to be placed in any direction, nullifying the detrimental forces on the fracture site.Investigation of respiratory disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses training at the Brazilian Jockey Club10.1590/0103-8478cr201608612024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZPires, Natália RebouçasCosta, Maria Fernanda de MelloRamos, Marcia TorresBarreira, Anna Paula BalesdentBorges, José Renato Junqueira
<em>Pires, Natália Rebouças</em>;
<em>Costa, Maria Fernanda De Mello</em>;
<em>Ramos, Marcia Torres</em>;
<em>Barreira, Anna Paula Balesdent</em>;
<em>Borges, José Renato Junqueira</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Athletic horses need to maintain healthy airways for optimal performance. This study investigated the presence of respiratory problems in apparently healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in training. According to the Revised Consensus Statement on Inflammatory Airway Diseases of Horses (2016), determining the prevalence of respiratory disorders in different equine populations is fundamental for understanding these diseases. In total, 72 clinically sound Thoroughbred racehorses, in training at the Brazilian Jockey Club (JCB), were initially examined using interpleural pressure measurement by ventigraphy and respiratory endoscopy. When secretions were present in the airways, transendoscopic tracheal aspiration was performed, and the sample was sent for cytology. The main findings included a combination of bronchospasm and tracheal secretions with 61% of the cytology slides showing neutrophil counts ≥20%. Overall, a significant number of the horses displayed signs suggestive of inflammatory airway disease (mild equine asthma), including 47% with increased DPplmax, 11% with tracheal mucus accumulation [mucus score (MS) ≥2] and 18% with carina edema. This was more pronounced in 2-year-old horses within the population studied. These findings are consistent with the literature and reinforce the importance of routine respiratory examination of athletic horses. There is a high incidence of subclinical respiratory disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses in training at the JCB and a significant association between tracheal MS≥2, carina edema, and elevated DPplmax.Carcass characteristics of Canindé goats subjected to feed restriction10.1590/0103-8478cr201606902024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZBezerra, Andreia BatistaGonzaga Neto, SeverinoMedeiros, Ariosvaldo Nunes deCarvalho, Francisco Fernando Ramos deBispo, Safira ValençaSouza, Anaiane PereiraSantos Neto, José Maurício dosRibeiro, Luana Paula dos Santos
<em>Bezerra, Andreia Batista</em>;
<em>Gonzaga Neto, Severino</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Ariosvaldo Nunes De</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Francisco Fernando Ramos De</em>;
<em>Bispo, Safira Valença</em>;
<em>Souza, Anaiane Pereira</em>;
<em>Santos Neto, José Maurício Dos</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Luana Paula Dos Santos</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the carcass characteristics of castrated Canindé goat kids. A randomized block design was used, in which 21 goat kids with a body weight (BW) of 15.9±1.0kg were allocated to three levels of feed restriction: ad libitum, 20% and 40% restriction related to the ad libitum intake. The diet consisted of 55% forage (Tifton) and 45% concentrate. All animals were slaughtered when the kids fed ad libitum reached a BW of 25kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were chilled for 24 hours and subsequently measured. Kids fed ad libitum and subjected to 20% feed restriction showed similar morphometric carcass measurements, except for the chest circumference. Goat kids fed ad libitum exhibited greater values for warm and cold carcass yields compared with those subjected to 40% feed restriction and did not differ from the kids under 20% feed restriction. Weights of the commercial cuts showed decreasing mean values according to the intensity of feed restriction. Castrated Canindé goat kids subjected to 20% feed restriction presented similar carcass yields and proportion of commercial cuts to those fed ad libitum.Zeolites in poultry and swine production10.1590/0103-8478cr201603442024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSchneider, Aline FélixZimmermann, Otavio FernandoGewehr, Clóvis Eliseu
<em>Schneider, Aline Félix</em>;
<em>Zimmermann, Otavio Fernando</em>;
<em>Gewehr, Clóvis Eliseu</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Zeolites are minerals that have intriguing properties such as water absorption, ion adsorption and cation exchange capacity. There are approximately 80 species of natural zeolites recognized and hundreds of artificial zeolites, which have been researched in several fields. Due to their chemical characteristics, zeolites have great potential for use in animal production, especially in poultry and swine farms, as food additives, litter amendment and treatment of residues, with direct and indirect effects on performance, yield and quality of carcass, ambience of farm sheds and reduction of environmental pollution.Chemical composition, microbiological properties, and fatty acid profile of Italian-type salami with pork backfat substituted by emulsified canola oil10.1590/0103-8478cr201606882024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZBackes, Angela MariaCavalheiro, Carlos PasqualinStefanello, Flávia SantiLüdtke, Fernanda LuísaTerra, Nelcindo NascimentoFries, Leadir Lucy Martins
<em>Backes, Angela Maria</em>;
<em>Cavalheiro, Carlos Pasqualin</em>;
<em>Stefanello, Flávia Santi</em>;
<em>Lüdtke, Fernanda Luísa</em>;
<em>Terra, Nelcindo Nascimento</em>;
<em>Fries, Leadir Lucy Martins</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Vegetable oils have been used to substitute pork backfat to improve the fatty acid profile of fermented sausages. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition, microbiological properties, and fatty acid profile of Italian-type salami with pork backfat substituted (15% and 30%) by emulsified canola oil. Fat contents decreased while moisture contents increased in Italian-type salami with emulsified canola oil. The growth of lactic acid bacteria in salami was not affected by canola oil and absence of fecal coliforms, coagulase-positive staphylococci, and Salmonella were reported during processing of fermented sausages. Lower levels of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were observed in salami with emulsified canola oil. Together, our results indicated that substituting pork backfat with emulsified canola oil improved the nutritional values of Italian-type salami.Oxygen introduction during extraction and the improvement of antioxidant activity of essential oils of basil, lemon and lemongrass10.1590/0103-8478cr201700452024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZFerreira, Daniele de FreitasNora, Flávia Michelon DallaLucas, Bruna NichelleMenezes, Cristiano Ragagnin deCichoski, Alexandre JoséGiacomelli, Sandro RogérioWagner, RogerBarin, Juliano Smanioto
<em>Ferreira, Daniele De Freitas</em>;
<em>Nora, Flávia Michelon Dalla</em>;
<em>Lucas, Bruna Nichelle</em>;
<em>Menezes, Cristiano Ragagnin De</em>;
<em>Cichoski, Alexandre José</em>;
<em>Giacomelli, Sandro Rogério</em>;
<em>Wagner, Roger</em>;
<em>Barin, Juliano Smanioto</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Essential oil extraction is commonly carried out by using the hydrodistillation method, which is described in official compendia of food quality control and medicinal plants. Despite the widespread use of this method, few studies have evaluated the effect of the atmosphere change during extraction on the composition and antioxidant activity of essentials oils. Therefore, a study of oxygen introduction influence during the extraction of essential oils from basil, lemongrass and lemon by hydrodistillation was performed. Total amount of oxygenated compounds (e.g., linalool, camphor, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, eugenol and α-muurolol) increased for all essential oils extracted under oxygen flow. Antioxidant activity evaluated by using the ORAC method significantly increased (P<0.0001) with oxygen from 618 to 906, 355 to 613 and 72 to 262µmol Trolox g-1 oil for basil, lemongrass and lemon, respectively. Therefore, the simple modification proposed could be considered a suitable alternative to obtain essential oils with higher antioxidant activity.Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients10.1590/0103-8478cr201515102024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZKawski, Vicky LilgeBertol, Teresinha MarisaSantos, Maria José Honorato dosSawitzki, Maristela CortezFiorentini, Angela MariaColdebella, ArleiAgnes, Ingrid Beatriz Lermen
<em>Kawski, Vicky Lilge</em>;
<em>Bertol, Teresinha Marisa</em>;
<em>Santos, Maria José Honorato Dos</em>;
<em>Sawitzki, Maristela Cortez</em>;
<em>Fiorentini, Angela Maria</em>;
<em>Coldebella, Arlei</em>;
<em>Agnes, Ingrid Beatriz Lermen</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory and physicochemical quality of colonial salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients as potential enhancers of quality products. Salamis were produced according to three treatments: (A) Control: 0.1% curing salt; (B) rosemary: 0.05% curing salt + 0.5% rosemary extract (RE); and (C) RE+celery: 0.14% Veg 503 + 0.27% Veg 504 (sea salt plus celery, nitrate and nitrite supplies, respectively) + 0.5% of RE. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) among the three treatments for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE). Sensory analysis was performed by applying the preference test and multiple comparison between the three treatments. Salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients were sensory equivalent to conventional level of curing salts. Vegetable extracts allowed the development of the sensory features of salami and did not interfere in the fermentation process. Results suggested that the extracts can serve as effective natural curing ingredients for the ripening process and cured meat color as well as adequate shelf-life replacing the commercial curing salts in meat and meat products. After 30 days of ripening, salami from the control treatment (conventional levels of nitrite and nitrate) and the treatments with added vegetable-based curing ingredients and low nitrite and nitrate content (RE and RE + celery) were equivalent in sensory quality.ERRATUM: Ecogeography of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. in Minas Gerais, Brazil10.1590/0103-8478crerr201609212024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000Z