Ciência Ruralhttps://www.scielo.br/feed/cr/2021.v51n6/2024-02-27T20:03:40.294000ZUnknown authorVol. 51 No. 6 - 2021WerkzeugDevelopment, photosynthesis and yield of blueberry cultivar ‘Climax’ growth with different substrates and nitrogen fertilization under protected cultivation10.1590/0103-8478cr201903672024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZViencz, ThaynaSantana, KamilaAyub, Ricardo AntonioBotelho, Renato Vasconcelos
<em>Viencz, Thayna</em>;
<em>Santana, Kamila</em>;
<em>Ayub, Ricardo Antonio</em>;
<em>Botelho, Renato Vasconcelos</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Organic farming techniques gained popularity recently. Despite this increasing demand, there are still many problems, when comparing nutrient sources in organic and conventional farming systems. The study had as objective to evaluate the development of blueberry plants cultivar ‘Climax’ under protected cultivation in a substrate with different proportions of organic material and doses of applied mineral N. The blueberry nursery plants ‘Climax’ were transplanted into plastic pots and kept under protected cultivation. The soil and sand proportions were 40 and 20%, respectively, of the volume capacity of each pot. The remaining 40% were filled with organic material (bovine manure) and sawdust in the proportions of 5 and 35% (S1), 20 and 20% (S2) or 35 and 5% (S3), respectively. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks, and the treatments were distributed in a 3x3 factorial arrangement, with six replications. The first factor was the different formulations of substrates. The second factor was N fertilization at 0, 10, and 15 g N plant-1. Evaluations of canopy volume, total leaf area, chlorophyll content and gas exchanges were performed six and eighteen months after transplanting. Fruits were harvested according to their ripening. Higher proportions of organic material in the substrate showed a substantial increase on estimated leaf area, canopy volume, chlorophyll content and clear efficiency of carboxylation (A/Ci), especially in plants that was not fertilized with mineral N. The highest yield was reported for the substrate S2, with intermediary amount of organic material, without the application of mineral N fertilizer. Considering agronomic and physiological traits, blueberry plants on the substrate S2 (20% OM) showed the best results, without mineral N fertilizing, becoming viable the organic management system for potted ‘Climax’ blueberry plants under protected cultivation.The Evolutionary Characteristics of Apple Production Layout in China from 1978 to 201610.1590/0103-8478cr202006882024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZZhang, QiangqiangWeng, FeilongShi, FanjiShao, LiqunHuo, Xuexi
<em>Zhang, Qiangqiang</em>;
<em>Weng, Feilong</em>;
<em>Shi, Fanji</em>;
<em>Shao, Liqun</em>;
<em>Huo, Xuexi</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Based on the apple acreage and output data of 23 provinces in China, the LMDI decomposition method and the barycenter analysis model were used to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of apple production in China from 1978 to 2016. The results showed that the apple acreage and output continued to increase, and the apple production layout has moved to south-westward; Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, and Xinjiang were the main contributors to the apple output increase in China; yield contributed more to apple output increase, the increase of yield was a significant contributing factor to the apple output growth in 17 provinces, whereas the expansion of apple acreage was a significant contributing factor in the other 6 provinces; the barycenter of apple acreage and output respectively moved to the southwest by 506.63 kilometers and 574.12 kilometers, and the barycenter of apple production gradually shifted to the Loess Plateau. To stabilize the effective supply of apple and maintain industrial security, the policymakers should attach importance to the fundamental role of technological progress in the development of the apple industry, and bring into play the technological progress, economic, social, and environmental effects of apple industry agglomeration by optimizing the apple production layout and strengthening policy guidance and regulatory measures.Selection of microorganisms and preparation of inoculants with potential applications in the remediation of soil contaminated with hexazinone10.1590/0103-8478cr202002632024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSantos, Vanessa SilvaMartins, Paula FabianeBorgo, LucéliaFaria, Paula Sperotto AlbertoSilva, Cintia Faria daJakelaitis, Adriano
<em>Santos, Vanessa Silva</em>;
<em>Martins, Paula Fabiane</em>;
<em>Borgo, Lucélia</em>;
<em>Faria, Paula Sperotto Alberto</em>;
<em>Silva, Cintia Faria Da</em>;
<em>Jakelaitis, Adriano</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The excessive use of agrochemicals negatively impacts the environment, making the development of sustainable technologies for the reduction of contaminants in soil necessary. Hexazinone is the herbicide most used for sugarcane crops and persists in the environment. Moreover, its main route of degradation in the soil is through microorganisms. Therefore, six microorganisms were selected that presented growth in the presence of the herbicide; SCR1 - Microbacterium arborescens; SCR2 - Bacillus pumilus; SCM3 - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; SCM4 - Bacillus cereus; SCM5A - M. arborescens; and SCM5B - B. safensis. A test was performed to evaluate the ability of each lineage in phosphate solubilization. For the Ca3(PO4)2 solubilization test, the strains that showed the best results were B. pumilus and S. maltophilia. Subsequently, the inoculants were prepared and the concentrations after plating were 2.71 × 109 CFU mL-1 for B. pumilus, 1.02 × 109 CFU mL-1 for S. maltophilia, and 1.14 × 1010 CFU mL-1 for a combination of the two strains. These were satisfactory values for use as inoculants.Biofortification efficiency with magnesium salts on the increase of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in snap beans10.1590/0103-8478cr202004422024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZCiscomani-Larios, Juan PabloSánchez-Chávez, EstebanJacobo-Cuellar, Juan LuisSáenz-Hidalgo, Hilda KarinaOrduño-Cruz, NuviaCruz-Alvarez, OscarÁvila-Quezada, Graciela Dolores
<em>Ciscomani-Larios, Juan Pablo</em>;
<em>Sánchez-Chávez, Esteban</em>;
<em>Jacobo-Cuellar, Juan Luis</em>;
<em>Sáenz-Hidalgo, Hilda Karina</em>;
<em>Orduño-Cruz, Nuvia</em>;
<em>Cruz-Alvarez, Oscar</em>;
<em>Ávila-Quezada, Graciela Dolores</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Biofortification of food crops is implemented through the application of mineral fertilizers, to improve the levels of essential mineral elements for human nutrition. Magnesium is a key macronutrient in crop production and quality; however, worldwide, it is the most limiting macronutrient in agriculture. Magnesium plays an important role in manipulating physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biofortification with magnesium chloride and sulfate on the accumulation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in snap bean cv. Strike. Two sources of Magnesium were applied via edaphic route: Magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate at doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm during 2018 in Mexico. Accumulation of bioactive compounds (total phenols, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins) and antioxidant capacity in snap bean fruits were evaluated. Results obtained indicate that the concentration of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in the edible parts of snap beans were higher in the MgSO4 treatment than in the MgCl2 treatments, exceeding 30, 59 and 6% respectively. This is one of the first studies on the edaphic agronomic biofortification of Mg+ and its effect on nutraceutical quality in snap bean. An interesting result is that MgSO4 produced high concentrations of anthocyanins in edible snap beans. These results can be applied as a new strategy to reduce malnutrition and improve the health of the population in poor urban and rural communities in developing countries.Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in the lowland area cultivated with soybean10.1590/0103-8478cr202004522024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZBrasil Neto, Edgar SalisRussini, AlexandreAmaral, Lúcio de PaulaPinho, Paulo Jorge deFarias, Marcelo Silveira deGiacomeli, Robson
<em>Brasil Neto, Edgar Salis</em>;
<em>Russini, Alexandre</em>;
<em>Amaral, Lúcio De Paula</em>;
<em>Pinho, Paulo Jorge De</em>;
<em>Farias, Marcelo Silveira De</em>;
<em>Giacomeli, Robson</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study determined the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance and yield of the soybean crop in lowland areas. The soil resistance to penetration at four different depths (0 to 0.10 m; 0.11 to 0.20 m; 0.21 to 0.30 m and 0.31 to 0.40 m), volumetric humidity of the soil at two depths (0 to 0.20 m and 0.21 to 0.40 m) and soybean yield were determined in an area of 1.13 hectares, using a sample mesh of 10 x 10 m. The corresponding data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Pearson’s simple linear correlation analysis (p≤0.05) was conducted and the spatial dependence was assessed by analyzing the isotropic semivariograms using spherical, exponential, linear, and Gaussian models. The results showed that the soil penetration resistance increased with depth, with restrictive values to root growth between 0.05 and 0.35 m. There was no correlation between yield and soil penetration resistance, and the semivariograms did not show a defined ascending region regarding the soil penetration resistance data. For the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, the sample 10 x 10 m mesh was suitable for assessing the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration in depths exceeding 0.10 m.Cytokinin induces the development of gabirobeira root cuttings10.1590/0103-8478cr202000742024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSouza, Lasara Kamila Ferreira deHurtado-Salazar, AlejandroGomes, Francielly RodriguesPereira, Laísse DanielleRocha, Diego IsmaelSilva, Danielle Fabíola Pereira da
<em>Souza, Lasara Kamila Ferreira De</em>;
<em>Hurtado-Salazar, Alejandro</em>;
<em>Gomes, Francielly Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Pereira, Laísse Danielle</em>;
<em>Rocha, Diego Ismael</em>;
<em>Silva, Danielle Fabíola Pereira Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The gabirobeira is a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado with potential for use in cropping systems. This study evaluated the effect of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on root cuttings of gabirobeira (Campomanesia adamantium). The plant material was obtained from gabirobeira progenies of one and two-years-old. The cuttings were segmented in 5 cm length and 1.90 to 3.22 mm diameter, immersed in the following BAP concentrations: 0.0; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 for 15 seconds and planted in trays containing the substrate Bioplant®. A complete randomized experimental design was adopted in a factorial scheme 2x4, (cuttings age x BAP concentrations) with fifteen replicates per treatment. After 140 days the number of cuttings with shoots, number of shoots, number of leaves, and diameter of the main root were evaluated. The better development of the cuttings was observed on progenies of two-years-old. The lowest cytokinin concentrations promoted the better emission and number of shoots of the progenies from both ages.Identification of <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Listeria monocytogenes,</i> and indicator microorganisms in commercialized raw meats and fresh sausages from Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil10.1590/0103-8478cr202005692024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSoares, Vanessa MendonçaPadilha, Matheus BeltrameGuerra, Maria Eduarda de MoraesSchneider, Fernando AlvesGasparetto, RaíssaSantos, Emanoelli Aparecida Rodrigues dosTadielo, Leonardo ErenoBrum, Mário Celso SperottoTraesel, Carolina KistPereira, Juliano Gonçalves
<em>Soares, Vanessa Mendonça</em>;
<em>Padilha, Matheus Beltrame</em>;
<em>Guerra, Maria Eduarda De Moraes</em>;
<em>Schneider, Fernando Alves</em>;
<em>Gasparetto, Raíssa</em>;
<em>Santos, Emanoelli Aparecida Rodrigues Dos</em>;
<em>Tadielo, Leonardo Ereno</em>;
<em>Brum, Mário Celso Sperotto</em>;
<em>Traesel, Carolina Kist</em>;
<em>Pereira, Juliano Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the sanitary hygienic quality and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw meats and fresh sausages marketed in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. We analyzed 238 samples of fresh sausages, beef, pork, and chicken from 18 commercial establishments (butchers, supermarkets, and groceries). Samples were subjected to enumerate hygiene indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria) and detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean counts of mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria were 5.09 and 3.54 log CFU/g, respectively. Beef samples presented the highest frequency of Salmonella spp. (7.93%) and fresh sausages present the highest frequency of L. monocytogenes (19.04%). Among the analyzed samples, 43.70% did not comply with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in different samples and commercial establishments demonstrate the failures of good manufacturing practices in industrial environmental and retails points and the need to train food handlers to reduce the exposure of consumers to potential risks.Necrotizing placentitis in a cow caused by <i>Bacillus cereus</i>10.1590/0103-8478cr202005532024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZRocha, Cláudia Emanuela VianaMagalhães, João Paulo LeôncioMol, Juliana Pinto da SilvaGuedes, Andressa Cristine BorgesCosta, Erica AzevedoFigueiredo, Henrique Cesar PereiraSantos, Renato de LimaPaixão, Tatiane Alves da
<em>Rocha, Cláudia Emanuela Viana</em>;
<em>Magalhães, João Paulo Leôncio</em>;
<em>Mol, Juliana Pinto Da Silva</em>;
<em>Guedes, Andressa Cristine Borges</em>;
<em>Costa, Erica Azevedo</em>;
<em>Figueiredo, Henrique Cesar Pereira</em>;
<em>Santos, Renato De Lima</em>;
<em>Paixão, Tatiane Alves Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This report described a case of necrotizing placentitis caused by Bacillus cereus in a cow associated with abortion and maternal lethality. The etiological diagnosis of placentitis by B. cereus was based on histopathology of placenta, cytology and bacterial isolation from intrauterine aminiotic fluid in retained placenta and further characterization of the pathogen by the MALDI-TOF. Although, B. cereus abortions are sporadic, the bacterium has the ability to release necrotizing toxins that can lead to placentitis, fetal death and abortion.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques for determining the kinematic patterns for hindlimb obstacle avoidance during sheep locomotion10.1590/0103-8478cr202007122024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZDiogo, Camila CardosoFonseca, BárbaraAlmeida, Francisca Soares Marques deCosta, Luís Maltez daPereira, José EduardoFilipe, VítorCouto, Pedro AlexandreGeuna, StefanoArmada-da-Silva, Paulo AlexandreMaurício, Ana ColetteVarejão, Artur Severo Proença
<em>Diogo, Camila Cardoso</em>;
<em>Fonseca, Bárbara</em>;
<em>Almeida, Francisca Soares Marques De</em>;
<em>Costa, Luís Maltez Da</em>;
<em>Pereira, José Eduardo</em>;
<em>Filipe, Vítor</em>;
<em>Couto, Pedro Alexandre</em>;
<em>Geuna, Stefano</em>;
<em>Armada-Da-Silva, Paulo Alexandre</em>;
<em>Maurício, Ana Colette</em>;
<em>Varejão, Artur Severo Proença</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Analysis of locomotion is often used as a measure for impairment and recovery following experimental peripheral nerve injury. Compared to rodents, sheep offer several advantages for studying peripheral nerve regeneration. In the present study, we compared for the first time, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) hindlimb kinematics during obstacle avoidance in the ovine model. This study obtained kinematic data to serve as a template for an objective assessment of the ankle joint motion in future studies of common peroneal nerve (CP) injury and repair in the ovine model. The strategy used by the sheep to bring the hindlimb over a moderately high obstacle, set to 10% of its hindlimb length, was pronounced knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal flexion when approaching and clearing the obstacle. Despite the overall time course kinematic patterns about the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal were identical, we found significant differences between values of the 2D and 3D joint angular motion. Our results showed that the most apparent changes that occurred during the gait cycle were for the ankle (2D-measured STANCEmax: 157±2.4 degrees vs. 3D-measured STANCEmax: 151±1.2 degrees; P<.05) and metatarsophalangeal joints (2D-measured STANCEmin: 151±2.2 degrees vs. 3D-measured STANCEmin: 162 ± 2.2 degrees; P<.01 and 2D-measured TO: 163±4.9 degrees vs. 3D-measured TO: 177±1.4 degrees; P<.05), whereas the hip and knee joints were much less affected. Data and techniques described here are useful for an objective assessment of altered gait after CP injury and repairin an ovine model.Thymomodulin in association with antifungal drugs in the therapy of cats with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis: a prospective study10.1590/0103-8478cr202003112024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZForlani, Gustavo SoaresBrito, Risciela Salardi Alves deSalame, Jéssica PaolaGomes, Angelita ReisBruhn, Fábio Raphael PascotiMadrid, Isabel MartinsNobre, Márcia de Oliveira
<em>Forlani, Gustavo Soares</em>;
<em>Brito, Risciela Salardi Alves De</em>;
<em>Salame, Jéssica Paola</em>;
<em>Gomes, Angelita Reis</em>;
<em>Bruhn, Fábio Raphael Pascoti</em>;
<em>Madrid, Isabel Martins</em>;
<em>Nobre, Márcia De Oliveira</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Feline sporotrichosis is a relevant mycose in veterinary medicine due to its severity and zoonotic potential and the fact that it can be difficult to treat. The immune status of the animal exerts influence on the prognosis of the disease and determines its clinical outcome. This study evaluated the efficacy of the immunomodulatory thymomodulin as an adjunct to antifungal therapy in cats with disseminated sporotrichosis; thymomodulin was used in association with itraconazole (ITL) and potassium iodide (KI) to treat this fungal disease in the feline patient. Thirty-one cats (n=31) diagnosed with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1 (G1) (n=16), which included those animals that were treated with thymomodulin in association with ITL and KI, and Group 2 (G2) (n=15) which had pacientsthat received ITL and KI only. The response to different treatment modalities was assessed, considering the survival rate, time frame for the lesions to respond to therapy, and clinical improvement or deterioration according to a body condition score system. Animals from G1 had a survival rate of nearly 100% (93.6%) that was approximately twice higher than the survival rate of those animals from G2 (53%). Moreover, patients from G1 had a significantly better prognosis, improved body condition, and shorter time for remission of the extra cutaneous clinical signs (p<0.02). Our findings showed that the association of thymomodulin with ITL and KI improves the prognosis of cats with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis.Technique proposition and material comparison for surgery rope making10.1590/0103-8478cr202003312024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZBello, Lucas KruschGodoy, Fabrício GuedesOliveira, José Pedro Marquezan deCassanego, Guilherme RechMüller, Daniel Curvello de Mendonça
<em>Bello, Lucas Krusch</em>;
<em>Godoy, Fabrício Guedes</em>;
<em>Oliveira, José Pedro Marquezan De</em>;
<em>Cassanego, Guilherme Rech</em>;
<em>Müller, Daniel Curvello De Mendonça</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The most tension resistant, nonmetallic, surgical suture is 5 polyester. Comparing it’s resistance to those of the dogs’ cranial cruciate ligament and the canine gastrocnemius tendon’s up until they rupture, it’s possible to detect a considerably inferior resistance on the implant’s part. With the goal of achieving high mechanical resistances from sutures, these were grouped and twisted, resulting in a surgical rope that is adjustable to the patients needs. We analyzed manufacturing methodology, final conformation and tension resistance, based on three sutures models: “A” (1 polyglactin 910), “B” (1 polyester) and “C” (5 polyester). Considering averages of thickness and final load, the “B” implants obtained lower values than “A”, indicating that polyglactin 910 ropes are more resistant than those of polyester. Moreover, the “C” implants resulted in the highest values of load and thickness, indicating that final thickness is predictive towards tension resistance. Size 1 Polyester was the only one to generate linear regression for supported load, ensuring the 25,34 Newtons (N) increment to every suture added to the implant, which suggests its use for the creation of non absorbable ropes. The use of 1 polyglatctin 910 promotes load averages superior to 1 polyester;therefore, it is indicated for making absorbable surgical ropes.Bovine tunica albuginea conserved in honey as xenograft for cystoplasty in rats10.1590/0103-8478cr202005012024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZRodrigues, Aline FerreiraCastañon, Cecília RibeiroMaués, TábataLancetta, Carla Ferreira FariasAbílio, Edmundo JorgeDegani, Viviane Alexandre NunesFerreira, Maria de Lourdes Gonçalves
<em>Rodrigues, Aline Ferreira</em>;
<em>Castañon, Cecília Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Maués, Tábata</em>;
<em>Lancetta, Carla Ferreira Farias</em>;
<em>Abílio, Edmundo Jorge</em>;
<em>Degani, Viviane Alexandre Nunes</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Maria De Lourdes Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Urinary bladder damages leading to few viable bladder tissue available might demand a challenging reconstructive surgery. In this context, biomaterials are valid alternatives for bladder reconstruction. This study evaluated the bovine tunica albuginea fragment as graft material for cystoplasty in rats and honey-preserved implant viability.Thirty Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) a test group (T) with a circular 1.0-cm-diameterbovine tunica albuginea graft application in the apex region by a continuous absorbable (Polyglactin 910 5-0) suture with stitching of all bladder layers and (2) a simulation group (S) in which animals underwent only partial cystectomy. In addition, each of these groups was further divided into three subgroups according to euthanasia period on post-surgery day 7, 15 and 30.Two animals had self-limiting hematuria at postsurgical period. At necropsy, frequent crystals and adhesion to the peritoneum were observed. At the histopathological evaluation, animals from the T group euthanized by 15th postoperative day had layers disorganization and initial muscle development, while T group rats euthanized by 30th postoperative day showed complete urothelization. Urothelization pattern was similar in both groups. Moreover, the muscular layer formation was present in both groups, but more evident in S group animals. Nevertheless, inflammatory infiltrate and neovascularization were remarkably more intense in T group rats.It might be concluded that bovine tunica albuginea graft was successful in repairing rats’ bladder, being a good biomaterial option in reconstructive urinary vesicle surgery.Proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in seven horses: A retrospective study in Brazil (2011-2019)10.1590/0103-8478cr202007412024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSouza, Anderson Fernando deMarcondes, Geissiane de MoraesParetsis, Nicole FidalgoCorrêa, Rodrigo RomeroSpagnolo, Julio DavidZoppa, André Luís do Valle De
<em>Souza, Anderson Fernando De</em>;
<em>Marcondes, Geissiane De Moraes</em>;
<em>Paretsis, Nicole Fidalgo</em>;
<em>Corrêa, Rodrigo Romero</em>;
<em>Spagnolo, Julio David</em>;
<em>Zoppa, André Luís Do Valle De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study discussed several cases of proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in horses at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. The medical records of seven horses that underwent proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis between 2011 and 2019 were analyzed for indication, technique, and complications. Short- and long-term outcomes were obtained from both the medical records and telephone interviews with the owners. A dynamic compression plate (DCP) was used in one of the seven horses that underwent surgical arthrodesis, and locking compression plates (LCP) were used in the others. Hospital discharge was recorded in 71.4% (5/7) of the horses, with an average hospital stay of 79 ± 45 days. Casting was maintained for 59 ± 26 days. Contact with owners was possible in four cases, two of which regained their prior level of function. The proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis may improve a horse’s well-being, especially when it is considered an early intervention, minimizing the chances of immediate postoperative complications. Additional cases of surgical arthrodesis should be evaluated in long term to better characterize the outcomes of this procedure in Brazil.Dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs10.1590/0103-8478cr202005542024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZValente Júnior, Dante TeixeiraBarbosa, Lívia Maria dos ReisSoares, Marcos HenriqueRodrigues, Gustavo de AmorimGomes, Maykelly da SilvaSilva, Caroline Brito daTeixeira, Lucas MedinaCunha Júnior, Ronaldo LopesAbranches, Fernanda FialhoSaraiva, Alysson
<em>Valente Júnior, Dante Teixeira</em>;
<em>Barbosa, Lívia Maria Dos Reis</em>;
<em>Soares, Marcos Henrique</em>;
<em>Rodrigues, Gustavo De Amorim</em>;
<em>Gomes, Maykelly Da Silva</em>;
<em>Silva, Caroline Brito Da</em>;
<em>Teixeira, Lucas Medina</em>;
<em>Cunha Júnior, Ronaldo Lopes</em>;
<em>Abranches, Fernanda Fialho</em>;
<em>Saraiva, Alysson</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Increasing fat deposition and feed conversion ratio over the days in finishing phase directly influence pork quality and productive profitability. Nonetheless, the slaughter of heavier pigs can result in benefits for the slaughterhouse due to dilution of production and processing costs, as well as economic benefits for the pig producer resulting from the dilution of production costs. Therefore, dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs of high lean-genotypes is a strategy to increase lean tissue accretion and minimize fat deposition, reflecting positively on growth performance. This review discussed recent studies results and mechanisms of action of this modifier of performance and carcass a traits in finishing pigs. Chromium increases the insulin action, facilitating insulin binding to the receptors on cell membrane. As a result, insulin-sensitive cells uptake more glucose, which will be later converted into energy. This additional energy is use to increase protein synthesis, thereby increasing the amount of lean tissue and reducing fat content in the carcass, without altering protein intake by pigs. Chromium also reduces lipid oxidation rate maintaining meat quality for longer period. In conclusion, dietary Cr supplementation for finishing pigs have shown that 0.2 mg/kg of organic Cr sources for pigs from ~60 kg until the slaughter can improve growth performance, lean gain and reduce fat content in carcass. However, the development of nanotechnology has allowed the use of inorganic Cr source at 0.2 mg/kg of inclusion, leading to improve the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs.Residual feed intake of Nellore calves is not repeatable across pre and post weaning periods10.1590/0103-8478cr202003762024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZSouza, Luana LelisBis, Flávia CristinaSakamoto, Leandro SannomiyaBroleze, Danielly FernandaBatalha, Camila Delveaux AraújoMercadante, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti
<em>Souza, Luana Lelis</em>;
<em>Bis, Flávia Cristina</em>;
<em>Sakamoto, Leandro Sannomiya</em>;
<em>Broleze, Danielly Fernanda</em>;
<em>Batalha, Camila Delveaux Araújo</em>;
<em>Mercadante, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study measured milk and solid feed intake in pre- weaning period and feed intake in postweaning period of Nellore calves, and to correlated them with performance traits and ingestive behavior of animals classified as most and least efficient. During pre weaning phase, feed efficiency was evaluated in 51 cow-calf pairs from 21±5 days after calving until weaning. During post-weaning phase, only male calves (n=23) were evaluated. Pre-weaning milk intake of calves was estimated based on cow’s milk production. Pre-weaning daily metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of calves was estimated as the sum of MEI from milk and solid diet. There was no difference in ADG between calves with negative and positive pre RFI, with a consequent better feed conversion to more efficient calves. The most efficient calves spent less time at the feed bunk, with a shorter feeding duration and higher rate of intake, compared to the least efficient animals. Correlations between feed intake and metabolic body weight of the animals during pre- and postweaning phases were positive, of medium to high magnitude, and significant, while correlation between ADG values was close to zero. Results suggested that part of the animals ranked based on pre weaning feed intake won’t maintain their rank during postweaning phase. In conclusion, calves classified as most efficient during pre-weaning phase have similar weight gain but lower milk intake and MEI than least efficient animals. The estimated pre RFI is weakly correlated with post RFI, showing that RFI is not consistent or repeatable across two periods.Pattern and spatial associations of commercial trees in the Amazon10.1590/0103-8478cr202003672024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZRodrigues, Brenda LetíciaBruzinga, Josiane Silva CostaRibeiro, Renato Bezerra da SilvaGama, João Ricardo VasconcellosMachado, Evandro Luiz MendonçaOliveira, Marcio Leles Romarco de
<em>Rodrigues, Brenda Letícia</em>;
<em>Bruzinga, Josiane Silva Costa</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Renato Bezerra Da Silva</em>;
<em>Gama, João Ricardo Vasconcellos</em>;
<em>Machado, Evandro Luiz Mendonça</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Marcio Leles Romarco De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to establish the pattern and the spatial associations of the Amazon commercial tree groups. In a region extending across 2,000 ha in the Tapajós National Forest (FNT), Pará, a forest census was conducted. The census included commercial trees of perimeter at breast height (PBH), equal to or greater than 158 cm and the Cartesian coordinates of their bearings. Using Ripley’s K function, the spatial pattern was discerned, with 5 m radius being assumed, and maximum distances varying up to 1,500 m. Then, with 99.8% probability for both, 500 Monte Carlo simulations were performed for the univariate K function, and 500 toroidal simulations were done for the bivariate function.The commercial tree groups, which revealed an aggregated spatial pattern in a minimum of approximately 50% of the analysis distance were namely, Astronium lecointei, Bagassa guianensis, Couratari guianensis, Manilkara huberi, Mezilaurus itauba, and Vochysia maxima. In Brazil, the commercial tree groups, based on the commercialization criteria for tropical trees show random and aggregated spatial patterns with associations of spatial independence.Influence of non-genetic factors on the maternal ability of Santa Inês ewes10.1590/0103-8478cr202005802024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZTorres, Tatiana SaraivaSena, Luciano SilvaÓ, Alan Oliveira doSantos, Gleyson Vieira dosRocha, Artur OliveiraSarmento, José Lindenberg Rocha
<em>Torres, Tatiana Saraiva</em>;
<em>Sena, Luciano Silva</em>;
<em>Ó, Alan Oliveira Do</em>;
<em>Santos, Gleyson Vieira Dos</em>;
<em>Rocha, Artur Oliveira</em>;
<em>Sarmento, José Lindenberg Rocha</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different non-genetic effects on indicator traits for maternal ability in Santa Inês ewes. Data included performance records of 100 lambs (males and females) born from 59 dams, from 2009 to 2012. The analyzed traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth until weaning (ADGBW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). The effects analyzed were the year of birth of the lamb, birth season, dam age at lambing, dam weight at lambing, sex of the lamb, lamb birth type, interaction between sex and birth type, and interaction between sex and birth season. SAS® software (SAS University Edition, USA) was used for calculation of the analysis of variance, means, and Pearson correlation coefficients. With the exception of the birth season, all the other environmental effects evaluated had a significant influence on at least one of the studied traits. The correlation estimates ranged from low to high and were either positive or negative. Birth weight was negatively correlated with the birth type and influenced positively all the other performance traits evaluated. The maternal ability of Santa Inês ewes was more clearly influenced by the age and weight of the dam at lambing, and the lamb birth type.Determining influential factors in the formation of environmental awareness of rural women: the case of Diyarbakır-Ergani, Turkey10.1590/0103-8478cr202006452024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZAkın, Songül
<em>Akın, Songül</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: In this study, it is determined the factors that affect the environmental awareness of rural women, who constitute the other half of the society and are intermingled with nature, which is a prerequisite for developing environmentally sensitive behaviors. The data of the study were collected through face-to-face surveys in Ergani, the district with the largest surface area in Diyarbakır. Logistic regression methods were used in addition to descriptive statistics in the analysis of the data. In the study, it was reported that rural women’s environmental awareness is scientifically important at the level of women’s diseases (0.003) which dramatically increases environmental awareness by 25.5%. Contrary to the early marriage behaviors of women in rural areas, an increase in one year of marriage is positive and scientifically significant at the level of (0.025), and it increases the environmental awareness by 2.5%; an increase in the educational level of the husband is 2.2% effective in the formation of environmental awareness of these women. In addition, it has been determined that women having agricultural activities are scientifically significant for the formation of environmental awareness at a level of (0.046) and the level of religiosity has marginal effect on environmental awareness scientifically.Determinants of Rulindo tea farmers’ perception towards organic farming: a MASS::stepAIC() approach10.1590/0103-8478cr202006952024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZMuhamadi, ShakiruBoz, Ismet
<em>Muhamadi, Shakiru</em>;
<em>Boz, Ismet</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The current study determined the factors influencing the perception of tea farmers towards organic tea production in Rulindo District, Rwanda. This study used both qualitative and quantitative data from face to face interviews and questionnaires completed with 156 tea farmers and other key informants in the tea sector who were randomly selected in 2019. Using function step AIC in R’s MASS package, the final multiple logistic regression model showed that generating income from tea production, participation in Umuganda, conveying messages at Ihangari, participation to agricultural shows, and receiving training from Farmers Field Schools (FFS) influenced farmers’ perceptions towards organic tea production. Thus, the results of this study could be useful to stakeholders in Rwanda’s tea sector, such as policymakers and decision-makers. They can act as a source of information when developing a more sustainable research-based tea extension program. Moreover, the results of this study can be used during the capacity building of farmers about organic tea production.Perception and risk management strategies for ranchers and their determinants: a case study from Turkey10.1590/0103-8478cr202004562024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZHayran, SeyitKülekçi, MurakGül, Aykut
<em>Hayran, Seyit</em>;
<em>Külekçi, Murak</em>;
<em>Gül, Aykut</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: In this study, beef cattle farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management strategies, and their determinants were analyzed using factor analysis and partial least squares regression analysis. The data set used in this study came from a survey conducted in Erzurum Province. The results demonstrated that variability in fodder price, insufficient farm income, uncertainty in government policies were perceived as the most important risks. Clean cattle shelter, off-farm income, monitoring and preventing livestock diseases were perceived as the most important risk management strategies. Results, also, demonstrated that some characteristics of farmers affected farmers’ perceptions. In this study, it was identified that the most important risk sources were economics-based. So, it was recommended that the government policy should be focused on preventing the fluctuations in input/output prices.Erratum: Temporal-spatial differences in and influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Shandong Province, China10.1590/01038478crerr201908182024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000ZErratum: Psoroptes ovis infestation of sheep in São Vicente do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil10.1590/01038478crerr201910262024-02-27T20:03:40.294000Z2020-08-09T06:48:25.187000Z