Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)https://www.scielo.br/feed/paideia/2015.v25n61/2023-03-28T19:56:26.861000ZUnknown authorVol. 25 No. 61 - 2015WerkzeugHigh-Impact Open Access Scientific Publishing10.1590/1982-432725612015012023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZSantos, Manoel Antônio dos
<em>Santos, Manoel Antônio Dos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Vital Energy and Afterlife: Implications for Cognitive Science of
Religion<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015022023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZRoazzi, Maira MonteiroJohnson, Carl N.Nyhof, MelanieKoller, Silvia HelenaRoazzi, Antonio
<em>Roazzi, Maira Monteiro</em>;
<em>Johnson, Carl N.</em>;
<em>Nyhof, Melanie</em>;
<em>Koller, Silvia Helena</em>;
<em>Roazzi, Antonio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Literature investigating people’s concepts of supernatural agency (such as ghosts and deities) points to an intuitive theory of mind underlying such ideas, however, recent studies suggest that intuitive ideas over vital energy could also be involved. The present paper focuses on examining the culture and development of people’s conceptions on vital energy. A search was made using the keyword vital energy targeting literature from Anthropology, Psychology and Cognitive Science. A literature review over this topic was made yielding reflections over the development of vital energy concepts. Results suggest that an intuitive biology, grounded on ideas of biological energy (vital energy), may underlie an understanding of soul, spirit, and supernatural energy. Future empirical studies should target the development of vital energy intuitive theories with different age ranges and cultures.Intra and Inter-Individual Differences in Social Intelligence of
Portuguese Students<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015032023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZPinto, Joana CarneiroFaria, LilianaGaspar, NeideTaveira, Maria do Céu
<em>Pinto, Joana Carneiro</em>;
<em>Faria, Liliana</em>;
<em>Gaspar, Neide</em>;
<em>Taveira, Maria Do Céu</em>;
<br/><br/>
Social intelligence is a favorable condition for career decision-making and development. The social intelligence indices of Portuguese students in school years prior to a career transition are characterized and intra and interindividual differences are analyzed. Participants were 1095 students (552, 50.4% women) with a mean age of 14.78 years (SD = 1.86), in the 8th (542, 49.5%), 10th (295, 26.9%) and 11th (258, 23.6%) grades. The Cognitive Test of Social Intelligence (PCIS) was administered at two moments, six months apart. Results indicate that the 8th grade obtained higher average scores in Problem Solving, Motivation and Self-confidence (time 1), while the 10th grade obtained better results in Problem Solving, Motivation and Familiarity (time 2). Between the assessment moments, all school years register an increase in Problem Solving and Self-confidence in social situations. These results constitute favorable psychological conditions for the promotion of ethical questioning in career guidance interventions.Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Adolescents’ Future Time
Perspective10.1590/1982-432725612015042023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZCarvalho, Renato Gomes
<em>Carvalho, Renato Gomes</em>;
<br/><br/>
Developing perspectives concerning the future in adolescence has been associated with several adaptive behaviors in school context. However, a need to understand how these prospects are build remains. In this paper, two studies on adolescents’ future time perspective (FTP) are presented, highlighting its connection to the present experience. Participants were adolescents, aged 14 to 18. In the first study (N = 551), it is analyzed the factorial structure of a questionnaire designed to assess FTP in school context. A significant association of academic performance with FTP was found. In the second study (N = 11), through an analysis, based on Grounded Theory, to qualitative data derived from interviews, it was found that adolescents think considerably about their future, despite showing to be predominantly focused on career related dimensions. The influence on prospective thinking of both educational agents of the participation in multiple activities was also identified.Real-World Outcomes and Critical Thinking: Differential Analysis by
Academic Major and Gender<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015052023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZFranco, AmandaAlmeida, Leandro da Silva
<em>Franco, Amanda</em>;
<em>Almeida, Leandro Da Silva</em>;
<br/><br/>
The Real-World Outcomes is an inventory that measures everyday problematic behaviors that represent decisions where critical thinking is presumably absent; assessing the negative outcomes of poor daily decisions helps to infer the degree of critical thinking that mediates everyday reasoning. In the present paper, we describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation of this inventory to Portuguese. We present evidence of its administration to 259 college students concerning reliability, and differences based on academic major and gender. No statistically significant differences were found, either due to academic major or gender. Results suggest the value of this instrument to assessing daily decision making and life outcomes, and also, to estimate the quality of critical thinking in everyday life.Media and Life Dissatisfaction as Predictors of Body
Dissatisfaction10.1590/1982-432725612015062023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZJaeger, Melissa BittencourtCâmara, Sheila Gonçalves
<em>Jaeger, Melissa Bittencourt</em>;
<em>Câmara, Sheila Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
Body dissatisfaction can contribute to social, occupational and recreational losses, constituting a risk factor to health. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of body dissatisfaction regarding demographic variables, media and life satisfaction among university students. The sample consisted of 321 participants older than 18 years. Body dissatisfaction, life dissatisfaction and media messages internalization were evaluated by Escala de Silhuetas para Adultos Brasileiros, Subjective Well-Being Scale and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, respectively. Data were collected by an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey®) and were analyzed using multiple linear regression. It was found that body dissatisfaction was positively related to inaccuracy in the perception of body size, Body Mass Index, life dissatisfaction, media messages internalization and television exposure. These findings evidence the importance of these predictors in the dynamics of body dissatisfaction, which support the development of preventive and treatment interventions.The Importance of Resilience for Well-Being in Retirement<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015072023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZNalin, Cristiane PimentelFrança, Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho
<em>Nalin, Cristiane Pimentel</em>;
<em>França, Lucia Helena De Freitas Pinho</em>;
<br/><br/>
The increase in the elderly population has prompted research on retirement. This study investigated the importance of resilience, economic satisfaction, the length of retirement, and planning to well-being during retirement of 270 participants. The majority of this sample were men (64%), and the mean age was 65 years (SD = 5.7). The participants were retired members of 10 public and private organizations in Rio de Janeiro. Factor analysis and hierarchical regression were performed. The results showed that determined resilience (mastery, adaptability, confidence and perseverance) and socioeconomic satisfaction were the main predictors of well-being in retirement and explained 28% of this model. The findings suggest that well-being in retirement is closely related to socioeconomic satisfaction and determined resilience. Additional research should address the importance of resilience for the well-being of retirees who are or not members of retirement associations. Resilience attitudes should be promoted in Retirement Education Programs.Values and Feelings in Young Brazilians’ Purposes<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015082023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZPinheiro, Viviane Potenza GuimarãesArantes, Valéria Amorim
<em>Pinheiro, Viviane Potenza Guimarães</em>;
<em>Arantes, Valéria Amorim</em>;
<br/><br/>
Purposes are projections about the future based on past and present actions, including the integration and regulation of values and feelings. In this study, we aimed to analyze these processes in the purposes of young Brazilians. A total of 200 young people between 15 and 19 years of age who were public school students from the five geographical regions of Brazil participated in the survey. We applied a written, individual, and open-ended questionnaire that was constructed by the Stanford Center on Adolescence and adapted for this study. We identified seven different ways by which the future was designed, observing different dynamics of thought and great complexity in the integration of values and feelings. For the vast majority of respondents, family and work constituted central values and appeared in an integrated manner in the feelings they expressed: happiness, welfare, and satisfaction. These results cultivate a greater understanding of psychic organization in purposes, opening up new possibilities for studies in moral psychology.Happiness at Work: Organizational Values and Person-Organization Fit
Impact<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015092023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZSousa, Juliana Moraes dePorto, Juliana Barreiros
<em>Sousa, Juliana Moraes De</em>;
<em>Porto, Juliana Barreiros</em>;
<br/><br/>
Despite the large quantity of research on person-organization (PO) fit, there is a lack of empirical research using axiological theories applicable to the value structure at the individual and organizational levels. In this study, we incorporated the PO fit literature, Schwartz’ values theory and Warr’s vitamin analogy to evaluate the effect of values’ PO fit on happiness at work. Using a sample of 145 questionnaires collected in a military organization, data analyses were performed using hierarchical quadratic regressions and surface analysis of polynomial regressions, conducted at an individual level. Individual values moderated the curvilinear relationship between organizational values and happiness at work (R2 = .25; p < .01). Additionally, agreement between higher levels of values promoted higher levels of happiness at work (.07 ≥ R2 ≤ .18; p < .05). We concluded that axiological PO fit affects happiness at work and provide empirical support for Warr’s vitamin analogy.Validity Evidences for the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory
in Outpatient Psychiatric Sample<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015102023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZAbela, Roberta KatzCarvalho, Lucas de FranciscoCho, Sabrina Jisun MyungYazigi, Latife
<em>Abela, Roberta Katz</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Lucas De Francisco</em>;
<em>Cho, Sabrina Jisun Myung</em>;
<em>Yazigi, Latife</em>;
<br/><br/>
The Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) was developed in Brazil for the assessment of pathological personality traits. This study aimed to seek validity evidence for the dimensions of IDCP based on external criteria, psychiatric diagnosis. We examined the profile in IDCP of 105 psychotherapy outpatients, previously diagnosed with personality disorders. The profiles were compared with the profile of the normative non-clinical sample and we conducted the repeated measures analysis to investigate whether the IDCP is able to discriminate consistent profiles for different diagnoses and compared the general population. The results suggest validity evidence based on external criteria for the IDCP dimensions and points to the clinical effectiveness of the instrument.Relations Between Executive Functions and Different Symptomatic
Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015112023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZPedron, Ana CristinaFerrão, Ygor ArzenoGurgel, Léia GonçalvesReppold, Caroline Tozzi
<em>Pedron, Ana Cristina</em>;
<em>Ferrão, Ygor Arzeno</em>;
<em>Gurgel, Léia Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Reppold, Caroline Tozzi</em>;
<br/><br/>
There is no consensus in the literature as to neuropsychological functioning, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and the definitions of the OCS dimensions. We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between executive function and OCS severity in the various dimensions, according to the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale criteria. We evaluated 28 patients with OCS, using eight neuropsychological instruments to evaluate executive function. We found that OCS severity in the contamination/cleaning dimension correlates negatively with executive function, inhibitory control and attentional control. Severity in the hoarding dimension correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, visual processing and logical reasoning, whereas it correlated negatively with the capacity to develop efficient complex problem-solving strategies. There was also a positive correlation between severity in the symmetry/ordering dimension and attentional control. Our findings suggest that the profile of executive function in OCD is defined by the severity of the various OCS dimensions.Memory Monitoring and Control in Young and Intermediate-Age Adults<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015122023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZZortea, MaxcielJou, Graciela Inchausti deSalles, Jerusa Fumagalli de
<em>Zortea, Maxciel</em>;
<em>Jou, Graciela Inchausti De</em>;
<em>Salles, Jerusa Fumagalli De</em>;
<br/><br/>
The way adults perceive and regulate learning (metamemory) is an important indicator of how they perform on memory tasks. This study assessed memory monitoring, control and performance in young and intermediate-age adults according to item type (with or without semantic relation), type of judgment of learning (JOL - immediate or delayed), and age. Twenty-six young adults (M = 22 years old) and 18 intermediate-age adults (M = 47 years old) participated, who responded to an experimental paradigm to evaluate metamemory. Results showed that related word-pairs received higher magnitude for the JOLs and better cued-recall scores. JOLs’ accuracy was similar between the age groups, delayed JOLs being more accurate only for young adults. Intermediate-age adults apparently based their allocation of study time less on JOLs or cued-recall than young adults.Implied Movement in Static Images Reveals Biological Timing
Processing<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015132023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZNather, Francisco CarlosAnelli, ViniciusEnnes, GuilhermeBueno, José Lino Oliveira
<em>Nather, Francisco Carlos</em>;
<em>Anelli, Vinicius</em>;
<em>Ennes, Guilherme</em>;
<em>Bueno, José Lino Oliveira</em>;
<br/><br/>
Visual perception is adapted toward a better understanding of our own movements than those of non-conspecifics. The present study determined whether time perception is affected by pictures of different species by considering the evolutionary scale. Static (“S”) and implied movement (“M”) images of a dog, cheetah, chimpanzee, and man were presented to undergraduate students. S and M images of the same species were presented in random order or one after the other (S-M or M-S) for two groups of participants. Movement, Velocity, and Arousal semantic scales were used to characterize some properties of the images. Implied movement affected time perception, in which M images were overestimated. The results are discussed in terms of visual motion perception related to biological timing processing that could be established early in terms of the adaptation of humankind to the environment.Social Representations of the Environment in Press Media<sup/>10.1590/1982-432725612015142023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000ZPolli, Gislei MocelinCamargo, Brigido Vizeu
<em>Polli, Gislei Mocelin</em>;
<em>Camargo, Brigido Vizeu</em>;
<br/><br/>
Environmental issues are given prominence in the media and scientific circles. From the 60’s until early 2010 there were changes in the way people related to the environment, with a paradigm shift occurring regarding the environment. This study sought to identify the representational content disseminated by the press media on the environment in different periods. A qualitative survey was therefore conducted of documents, and data were obtained through texts published in a magazine with national circulation. The data were analyzed using the ALCESTE program with a Lexicographic Analysis. It was identified that the press media reflects the paradigm shifts, and publications dating from the late 60’s are compatible with the old paradigm, evolving over time, and are now compatible with the new environmental paradigm. The results indicate that currently the environment needs care in all its aspects and lack of care creates global impacts.Erratum: Social Skills, Social Support and Well-Being
in Adolescents of Different Family Configurations10.1590/1982-4327256120152023-03-28T19:56:26.861000Z2020-08-09T06:48:48.227000Z