Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileirahttps://www.scielo.br/feed/pvb/2019.v39n7/2024-02-20T19:57:09.609000ZUnknown authorVol. 39 No. 7 - 2019WerkzeugClostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-63332024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZSantos, Bianca L.Ladeira, Silvia R.L.Riet-Correa, FranklinSoares, Mauro P.Marcolongo-Pereira, ClairtonSallis, Eliza Simone V.Raffi, Margarida B.Schild, Ana Lucia
<em>Santos, Bianca L.</em>;
<em>Ladeira, Silvia R.l.</em>;
<em>Riet-Correa, Franklin</em>;
<em>Soares, Mauro P.</em>;
<em>Marcolongo-Pereira, Clairton</em>;
<em>Sallis, Eliza Simone V.</em>;
<em>Raffi, Margarida B.</em>;
<em>Schild, Ana Lucia</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by <i>Merremia macrocalyx</i> (Convolvulaceae) in cattle10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-63352024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZBrito, Luiz B.Filho, Givaldo B. SilvaChaves, Hisadora A.S.Nascimento, Ana L.O.Braga, Thaiza C.Pfister, JamesCorrea, Franklin RietMendonça, Fábio S.
<em>Brito, Luiz B.</em>;
<em>Filho, Givaldo B. Silva</em>;
<em>Chaves, Hisadora A.s.</em>;
<em>Nascimento, Ana L.o.</em>;
<em>Braga, Thaiza C.</em>;
<em>Pfister, James</em>;
<em>Correa, Franklin Riet</em>;
<em>Mendonça, Fábio S.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of spontaneous poisoning by Merremia macrocalyx in cattle in the Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil, and to experimentally replicate the poisoning by this plant. To determine the occurrence of poisonings, 30 farms were visited in six municipalities at the Forest Zone of Pernambuco. The plant was found in nine farms, in which history of plant poisoning in cattle, and occasionally in sheep were also reported. Three outbreaks of spontaneous poisonings in cattle were studied. To replicate the disease experimentally, two steers received a single dose of 60g/kg and two steers received 80g/kg of the fresh leaves of M. macrocalyx in the trough for spontaneous ingestion. Two steers were also used as a control group. The main clinical signs observed in spontaneous cases consisted of restlessness, bloat, polyuria, diarrhea, and death within 48 to 72 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Cattle experimentally poisoned presented similar clinical signs to those observed in spontaneous cases. Gross lesions consisted of dryness and impaction of the rumen, omasum and reticulum contents. Abomasal content was fluid, the mucosa was hyperemic, with swollen folds and multiple ulcers. Similar lesions were observed in duodenum mucosae. Histologically, lesions observed in the abomasum and duodenum mucosa consisted of necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes. The wide distribution and palatability of this plant, associated with the high sensitivity of the bovine species verified in this experiment, highlight the importance of this plant in spontaneous cases of poisoning in cattle.Subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-59132024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZSilva, Natália S.Borsanelli, Ana CarolinaGaetti-Jardim, ElersonSchweitzer, Christiane MarieSilveira, José Alcides S.Bomjardim, Henrique A.Dutra, Iveraldo S.Barbosa, José D.
<em>Silva, Natália S.</em>;
<em>Borsanelli, Ana Carolina</em>;
<em>Gaetti-Jardim, Elerson</em>;
<em>Schweitzer, Christiane Marie</em>;
<em>Silveira, José Alcides S.</em>;
<em>Bomjardim, Henrique A.</em>;
<em>Dutra, Iveraldo S.</em>;
<em>Barbosa, José D.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is an inflammatory response in a susceptible host caused by complex microbiota, predominantly composed of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Aiming to characterize the subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in subgingival periodontal pocket samples of 14 sheep with severe periodontitis and in subgingival sulcus biofilm of 14 periodontally healthy sheep in search mainly of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms considered important periodontopathogens. The most prevalent bacteria in the sheep with periodontal lesions were Tannerella forsythia (78.6%), Treponema denticola (78.6%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (64.3%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (50%), whereas in the healthy sheep, F. nucleatum (42.8%) was the most often detected bacterium. Statistically significant differences were observed for Campylobacter rectus, Enterococcus faecium, Prevotella nigrescens, T. forsythia, and T. denticola (p<0.05) in the sheep with periodontitis in the comparison between groups. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Porphyromonas gulae were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. In conclusion, C. rectus, E. faecium, P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, and T. denticola were associated with severe lesions caused by ovine periodontitis, and F. nucleatum was the most prevalent microorganism in the subgengival sulcus biofilm of healthy sheep.Epidemiological study of rabies in cattle in southern Brazil: spatial and temporal distribution from 2008 to 201710.1590/1678-6160-PVB-60882024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZSantos, Bianca L.Bruhn, Fábio Raphael P.Coelho, Ana Carolina B.Estima-Silva, PabloEchenique, Joanna V.Sallis, Eliza Simone V.Schild, Ana Lucia
<em>Santos, Bianca L.</em>;
<em>Bruhn, Fábio Raphael P.</em>;
<em>Coelho, Ana Carolina B.</em>;
<em>Estima-Silva, Pablo</em>;
<em>Echenique, Joanna V.</em>;
<em>Sallis, Eliza Simone V.</em>;
<em>Schild, Ana Lucia</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Rabies affects several domestic species, causing significant economic losses due to the death of animals in characteristic areas of the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. In this context, this work aimed to study the epidemiology of rabies outbreaks observed in cattle from January 2008 to December 2017, through its space and time distribution in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. We performed an observational and ecological retrospective through the analysis of data recorded in necropsy protocols performed in cattle at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel). A descriptive data analysis aimed at evaluating the distribution of cases over time. The statistical analysis was performed with Gretl statistical software 1.9.12 (GNU Regression, Econometric, and Time-series Library). To the existence of stationarity was verified with the Dickey-Fuller test, considering a value of p<0.05. From January 2008 to December 2017, 1418 bovine diagnostic materials were received at the LRD-UFPel, and 160 outbreaks of rabies were confirmed in 160 farms located in the 24 municipalities of the LRD-UFPel area of influence. We observed 591 cattle out of a total of 25,886 infected with the virus. We conclude that rabies does not exhibit seasonality in the study region, with a tendency to decrease in frequency in the next years. The disease has an epidemic characteristic in most of the analyzed months (2012-2014), remaining endemic in the remaining period (2011, 2015 and 2016) with sporadic episodes of epidemics in these years. We also observed that as the incidence of the disease increased in the animals and in the properties, there was a geographical spread of the virus for the majority (54.16%) of the municipalities in the area of influence of the LRD-UFPel.Equine pythiosis in the eastern wetlands of Uruguay10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-62562024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZRomero, AgustínGarcía, JuanBalestié, SofíaMalfatto, FelipeVicentino, AlejandraSallis, Elisa Simone V.Schild, Ana LuciaDutra, Fernando
<em>Romero, Agustín</em>;
<em>García, Juan</em>;
<em>Balestié, Sofía</em>;
<em>Malfatto, Felipe</em>;
<em>Vicentino, Alejandra</em>;
<em>Sallis, Elisa Simone V.</em>;
<em>Schild, Ana Lucia</em>;
<em>Dutra, Fernando</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Equine pythiosis is an ulcerative and granulomatous disease of the skin, caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum (Pythiaceae). The objective of this study was to describe seven cases of equine pythiosis that occurred from 2012 to 2017 in the eastern region of Uruguay. Six of the seven cases occurred in the eastern wetland ecosystems of the Merin basin, and the remaining case occurred in the wetland fluvial plains of the Tacuarembó River. Lesions consisted of a large, rapidly growing ulcerated tumor with abundant granulation tissue, serosanguineous secretion, and fistulous tracts containing large concretions or kunkers. The animals presented intense pruritus, claudication and loss of body condition, with death or euthanasia in extremis in six cases. The main histological lesions consisted of an eosinophilic and pyogranulomatous inflammatory process, with numerous foci of eosinophilic necrosis (kunkers), collagenolysis, and a Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. In all cases, silver coloration (Grocott) showed intralesional hyphae compatible with P. insidiosum, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in three cases. A horse in the terminal phase of the disease was treated with triamcinolone acetonide (50mg IM every 15 days), and fully recovered after 1 year. It is concluded that equine pythiosis is prevalent in the wetland ecosystems of eastern Uruguay and that treatment with triamcinolone is auspicious.Diagnosis of <i>Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> and <i>Brachyspira intermedia</i> in hens and laying hens in the western region of Paraná through bacterial isolation and identification in qPCR10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-60302024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZGoulart, ThiagoGruchouskei, LeonardoGonçalves, JessicaCavasin, João PedroMatos, Monica R.Faccin, MayaneViott, Aline de M.
<em>Goulart, Thiago</em>;
<em>Gruchouskei, Leonardo</em>;
<em>Gonçalves, Jessica</em>;
<em>Cavasin, João Pedro</em>;
<em>Matos, Monica R.</em>;
<em>Faccin, Mayane</em>;
<em>Viott, Aline De M.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Bacteria of the genus Brachyspira can cause enteric diseases in poultry causing a decrease in productivity. The occurrence of this disease in chickens has already been verified in countries such as Australia, Italy, and the United States, but in Brazil, until now, epidemiological studies about Brachyspira sp. frequency were only carried out on pig farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria of the genus Brachyspira sp. through isolation and confirmation of the species Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira intermedia using the qPCR technique. Samples from 110 hens aged from 35 to 82 weeks were collected, 40 were from commercial egg farms and 70 were from laying hens matrices. For the first evaluation, bacterial isolation was performed from the feces. Positive samples were submitted to qPCR to identify the three species proposed. Cecum fragments of the birds were collected and fixed in formaldehyde for histological evaluation and counting of goblet cells. Of the 110 samples, 48 characteristic isolates of Brachyspira (43.6%) were obtained and of these in qPCR 13 identified as B. hyodysenteriae (11.8%) and 5 all from the same farm as Brachyspira intermedia (4.5%), 2 samples were positive for both agents (1.8%) and 28 were not characterized by qPCR (25.5%). None histopathological lesions were observed in the chicken cecum and no significant statistical difference was noticed in the count of goblet cells of the positive hens. It can be evidenced by the occurrence of Brachyspira sp. in laying farms and hens in Brazil, with special relevance to Brachyspira intermedia that can be potentially pathogenic for these animals.Carrier frequency of autosomal recessive disorders (BC, BLAD, FXID and CVM) in Holstein cows in Jalisco, Mexico10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-62022024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZVirgen-Méndez, AbrahamAyala-Valdovinos, Miguel A.Galindo-García, JorgeSánchez-Chiprés, David R.Lemus-Flores, ClementeDuifhuis-Rivera, Theodor
<em>Virgen-Méndez, Abraham</em>;
<em>Ayala-Valdovinos, Miguel A.</em>;
<em>Galindo-García, Jorge</em>;
<em>Sánchez-Chiprés, David R.</em>;
<em>Lemus-Flores, Clemente</em>;
<em>Duifhuis-Rivera, Theodor</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: The hereditary autosomal recessive disorders bovine citrullinemia (BC), bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), factor XI deficiency (FXID), and complex vertebral malformation (CVM) have affected dairy cattle breeding significantly around the world. This study examined the carrier frequency of BC, BLAD, FXID, and CVM autosomal recessive disorders in Bos taurus Holstein cows bred in the Altos Norte region of the state of Jalisco, Mexico. We extracted DNA from 408 random samples of peripheral blood, and then used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify insertion mutations for FXID, and PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for CVM, BC and BLAD. We visualized the PCR products using agarose gel electrophoresis stained with GelRed®. We found that 100% of wild-type (N/N) allele homozygous animals for genes CD18, ASS, and FXI were free of the mutations for BLAD, BC and FXID respectively. For gene SLC35A3 we estimated total carrier frequency of 10.3% and allele frequency of 5%.Clinical and blood gas analysis of calves conceived by artificial insemination, <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and animal cloning10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-59712024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZDantas, Gabriela N.Santarosa, Bianca P.Benesi, Fernando J.Santos, Vitor HugoGonçalves, Roberto C.
<em>Dantas, Gabriela N.</em>;
<em>Santarosa, Bianca P.</em>;
<em>Benesi, Fernando J.</em>;
<em>Santos, Vitor Hugo</em>;
<em>Gonçalves, Roberto C.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: In order for successful extra-uterine adaptation to occur, it is necessary for the neonate to be able to establish its respiratory functions effectively, guaranteeing efficient oxygenation and good vitality. Respiratory disorders are the major cause of death during the neonatal period in cattle, and this mortality is even more significant when it comes to calves originated by in vitro fertilization (FIV) or animal cloning (CA). Blood gas analysis assesses acid-base balance changes effectively, and when associated with the neonate’s clinical examination, provides subsidies for accurate diagnosis and early treatment of neonatal maladaptation. The objective of this study was to study neonates born from artificial insemination (IA) and to compare them to calves conceived by FIV and CA, regarding blood gas and clinical examination. For that, 20 AI calves, 15 FIV calves, and 15 cloned calves were evaluated immediately after calving and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of life. At all experimental times, venous blood samples were collected for blood gas and clinical examination was performed. In the postpartum evaluation, Apgar score and column length and respiratory amplitude measurements were used. IVF animals showed no alterations, resembling Group IA calves. The calves from CA showed more pronounced acidosis postpartum than expected physiological acidosis mixed for neonates, with decreasing values of bicarbonate (HCO3-), and base excess (BE) and the increase in carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) when compared to the other groups. This disorder may have reflected lower mean values of Apgar scores and increased heart and respiratory rates. Intensive follow-up of these neonates is suggested, with monitoring by clinical and hemogasometric examination for early diagnosis of this condition and treatment based on oxygen therapy and bicarbonate replacement.Canine lymphomas diagnosed in southern Brazil from 2000 to 2017: epidemiology and immunophenotype10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-60272024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZCoelho, Ana Carolina B.Echenique, Joanna V.Z.Lemos, Bianca S.Estima-Silva, PabloSallis, Eliza Simone V.Raffi, Margarida B.Schild, Ana Lucia
<em>Coelho, Ana Carolina B.</em>;
<em>Echenique, Joanna V.z.</em>;
<em>Lemos, Bianca S.</em>;
<em>Estima-Silva, Pablo</em>;
<em>Sallis, Eliza Simone V.</em>;
<em>Raffi, Margarida B.</em>;
<em>Schild, Ana Lucia</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Lymphoma is a neoplasm that originates from solid hematopoietic tissues and is one of the most common tumors in dogs. The goal of the present study was to perform a retrospective study of canine lymphomas diagnosed at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico”, at the “Faculdade de Veterinária” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) from 2000 to 2017, to determine the epidemiology and anatomical distribution, and to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of each case according to the adapted Kiel classification. The protocols for necropsies and biopsies in the laboratory were reviewed. Lymphoma was diagnosed in 77 dogs. Approximately 37.7% (29/77) of affected dogs had no defined breed, while dogs with defined breeds accounted for 58.4% (45/77) of the diagnoses. The occurrence in males (40/77) was slightly higher than that in females (36/77), and the mean age was 8.1 years (1.4-17 years). The most affected age group was between six and 10 years of age with 31 cases (40.2%). Regarding the anatomical classification, the multicentric form was the most prevalent, accounting for 71.4% (55/77) of the diagnoses. In 40 cases that immunophenotyping was performed, B-cell lymphomas represented 62.5% of the diagnoses (25/40), while T-cell lymphomas corresponded to 37.5% of the diagnoses (15/40). The degree of malignancy according to the modified Kiel classification was low in 35% of lymphomas (14/40) and high in 65% of cases (26/40). The multicentric form was more frequent in the region of influence of the LRD-UFPel. Identification of the immunophenotype can improve the quality of life and survival in affected dogs since it allows the most appropriate treatment for each patient.Clinical-epidemiological, anatomic-pathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of renal cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome in 11 German Shepherd dogs10.1590/1678-6160-PVB-63422024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZThompson, Ruth Pamela M.Lamego, Eryca C.Melo, Stella Maris P.Irigoyen, Luiz FranciscoFighera, Rafael A.Kommers, Glaucia Denise
<em>Thompson, Ruth Pamela M.</em>;
<em>Lamego, Eryca C.</em>;
<em>Melo, Stella Maris P.</em>;
<em>Irigoyen, Luiz Francisco</em>;
<em>Fighera, Rafael A.</em>;
<em>Kommers, Glaucia Denise</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Eleven cases of renal cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome (RCND) are described in German Shepherd dogs diagnosed from January 1994 to January 2018 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the “Universidade Federal de Santa Maria” (LPV-UFSM). The study sample was composed of eight male and three female dogs at a ratio of 2.67:1. Age ranged from six to 12 years (mean=8.7 years). The main clinical signs reported in descending order of frequency were multiple cutaneous nodules (nodular dermatofibrosis), dyspnea, anorexia, weight loss, recurrent hematuria, vomiting, and polydipsia. Results demonstrated that it is not always easy to clinically recognize this syndrome, but its peculiar anatomical-pathological characteristics allow safe diagnosis. Histologically, it was possible to detect all phases (cysts, papillary intratubular hyperplasia, and cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas) of a possible pathological continuum of the renal lesions. Uterine leiomyomas were observed in only one of the cases. Through histochemical techniques, it was possible to identify the presence of type I collagen in both cutaneous and renal lesions and consider its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cystadenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed partially satisfactory results in the staining of epithelial cells of renal cysts and neoplasms for pan-cytokeratin.<i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> infection in dogs in Algodoal Island, Brazilian Amazon10.1590/1678-6160-PVB-59162024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZMoreira, Hanniele R.Madeira, Ene A.O.Cunha, Dalvarina N. LimaScofield, AlessandraGóes-Cavalcante, GustavoAbel, IsisGuimarães, Ricardo J.P.S.Fernandes, Julio I.
<em>Moreira, Hanniele R.</em>;
<em>Madeira, Ene A.o.</em>;
<em>Cunha, Dalvarina N. Lima</em>;
<em>Scofield, Alessandra</em>;
<em>Góes-Cavalcante, Gustavo</em>;
<em>Abel, Isis</em>;
<em>Guimarães, Ricardo J.p.s.</em>;
<em>Fernandes, Julio I.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Dirofilaria immitis, a parasite that mainly infects domestic or wild canids, but can infect felines or humans as well, is frequent in many Brazilian areas. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of natural canine infection at the Algodoal-Maiandeua Island complex, in the coastal region of the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 67 dogs were sampled for blood microfilariae detection and for D. immitis DNA detection. Microfilaria and D. immitis DNA could be detected in 35.8% (24/67) of the animals. In one dog’s sample no microfilariae were detected, but the PCR was positive, suggesting that either larvae recently were eliminated or adults died shortly before sample collecting. Therefore, it can be concluded that the occurrence of D. immitis is a health threat for domestic and wild canids at the Island of Algodoal, as well as for feline or human health.Oral lesions and retroviruses in shelter cats10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-58922024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZSilva, Ana Paula daFlores, MarianaMazaro, RenataLuz, Flavia daSilva, MarciaFighera, Rafael A.
<em>Silva, Ana Paula Da</em>;
<em>Flores, Mariana</em>;
<em>Mazaro, Renata</em>;
<em>Luz, Flavia Da</em>;
<em>Silva, Marcia</em>;
<em>Fighera, Rafael A.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Oral lesions are common problems in feline medicine worldwide, and may be associated with different causes, such as infectious agents. There are only a few studies reporting the chief oral diseases and the results for retrovirus tests in shelter cats in Brazil, especially in the South region. This study aimed to identify the main inflammatory oral lesions in shelter cats and verify the test results for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections. Forty-three felines from private shelters in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) that presented clinically evident oral lesions, regardless of age, breed, sex, and neuter status, were used in this survey. Serological tests for FIV and FeLV were performed in all cats, and data regarding the rearing system were collected. Sixteen cats (37.2%) were reared in a free system, whereas 27 (62.8%) were kept under a restrict system. Of the 43 cats with oral lesions, 29 (67.44%) presented only one type of lesion, characterized as periodontitis (n=22, 51.16%), followed by gingivitis (n=6, 13.95%), and stomatitis (n=1, 2.32%). Concomitant stomatitis and periodontitis were found in the 14 remaining cats (100%). With respect to the test results for retrovirus infections, nine (20.93%) of the 43 felines were positive for FIV alone. Co-infection with both viruses was observed in seven cats (16.28%). No cat was seropositive for FeLV valone. None of the six cats that presented gingivitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; one cat with stomatitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; of the 22 cats with periodontitis, six (27.27%) were FIV positive and two (9.09%) were FIV/FeLV positive; and of the 14 cats that presented stomatitis and periodontitis, three (21.43%) were FIV positive and four (28.57%) were FIV/FeLV positive. As for diagnosis, 28 cats (65.1%) presented solely periodontal disease (PD), one cat (2.32%) had feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) alone, and 14 (32.5%) had both PD and FCG. The results obtained show that the main oral lesions found in shelter cats in the central region of RS were gingivitis, stomatitis, and periodontitis. Periodontitis, in association or not with stomatitis, was the most frequently observed oral cavity lesion in FIV- and/or FeLV-positive cats. Other factors may contribute to installation of inflammatory oral diseases in shelter cats because most cats with oral cavity lesions tested negative for retrovirus infections.Causes of mortality of seabirds stranded at the Northeastern coast of Brazil10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-58122024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000Z
ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to determine the main species of stranded seabirds at the Northeastern coast of Brazil in addition to the most frequent causes of stranding and mortality. The study was conducted in a monitored area for three years (2012-2014), from the coastline of south Alagoas through north coast of Bahia encompassing 254km of coast. The seabirds found alive during the monitoring were sent to rehabilitation, clinically examined and the carcasses were removed, necropsied and histopathologically analyzed. A total of 1.347 seabirds were found stranded. Of these, 378 were found alive and sent to rehabilitation. From the 969 dead seabirds 806 were unsuitable for necropsy, being only 163 submitted to necropsy and histopathological analysis. Calonectris borealis, Puffinus gravis and Puffinus puffinus were the main seabirds stranded in the studied area. Most stranding occurred from March to June with an increase during April and May for the most species of seabirds. The main clinical signs of stranded seabirds consisted of inappetence, apathy, low body score, hypothermia, flying or movement difficulty and prolonged recumbency. Natural causes followed by infectious diseases and anthropogenic environmental factors were the main causes of death of seabirds stranded on the Northeastern coast of Brazil.Use of infrared thermography in Quarter Horse submitted to team roping10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-57902024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZGerardi, BiancaDenadai, Daniela S.Pereira, Mariana S.Chaves, Arthur A.Barbosa, João P.B.Peiró, Juliana R.Feitosa, Francisco L.F.Mendes, Luiz C.N.
<em>Gerardi, Bianca</em>;
<em>Denadai, Daniela S.</em>;
<em>Pereira, Mariana S.</em>;
<em>Chaves, Arthur A.</em>;
<em>Barbosa, João P.b.</em>;
<em>Peiró, Juliana R.</em>;
<em>Feitosa, Francisco L.f.</em>;
<em>Mendes, Luiz C.n.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify whether the body and local temperatures change after high-intensity, short-duration exercise (team roping) and whether different pieces of training influence these changes. To this end, twelve animals, males and females, aged 3-6 years, with an average weight of 450 kg, were used. The horses were divided into two groups: regular training (RTG) and sporadic training (STG). The surface temperatures were assessed using a specific thermal camera. Temperatures of the ocular, thoracolumbar, distal tendon (thoracic and pelvic limbs) and croup regions were measured 30 min before, immediately after, and one, two, six and 24 hours after competition simulation. In the RTG, there was an increase in surface eye temperature two hours after exercise, returning to baseline level 24 hours later. In the STG, increase in eye temperature occurred immediately after exercise and returned to baseline level two hours later. Temperature of the pelvic limb tendons and croup (right side) rose immediately after exercise and did not return to baseline level 24 hours later. Team roping exercise increased the surface temperature of the distolateral thoracic and pelvic limb, croup and thoracolumbar regions in both groups and the eye temperature in the STG. Training frequency influenced the surface temperature profile in the distolateral pelvic limb, croup and thoracolumbar regions.Morphology and biometry of the reproductive organs of adult males of <i>Trachemys scripta elegans</i> reared in São Paulo state, Brazil10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-58482024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZGradela, AdrianaPires, Isabelle CarolineFaria, Marcelo D.Matos, Maria Helena T.Costa, Mateus M.Souza, Rita Kayla C.Milanelo, LilianeFranzo, Vanessa S.
<em>Gradela, Adriana</em>;
<em>Pires, Isabelle Caroline</em>;
<em>Faria, Marcelo D.</em>;
<em>Matos, Maria Helena T.</em>;
<em>Costa, Mateus M.</em>;
<em>Souza, Rita Kayla C.</em>;
<em>Milanelo, Liliane</em>;
<em>Franzo, Vanessa S.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Trachemys scripta elegans is an American underwater chelonian illegally marketed in Brazilian pet shops. When abandoned in nature, it compromises native species, threatening local biodiversity. However, little is known about the body development and structure of its reproductive tract. The objective of the present study was to investigate the morphology and biometry of testis, epididymis and penis, as well as the biometry of the body and secondary sexual characters in this species. Twenty-seven adult males were used aiming to contribute to preservation actions in captivity, population control, and scientific research, as well as to interspecific comparisons. Sex identification by the third claw length was effective, and the specimens presented harmonious and positive body development between mass, carapace, plastron, and height, with unimodal tendency and higher frequency of maximum carapace length at 15cm. The testes and epididymides presented biometric similarity between the antimeres and anatomical and histological structure similar to that of other species of chelonians and mammals, except for the type of epithelium. The findings suggest that there is conserved morphology between slider turtles and homology in relation to mammals. Histological similarity to the reproductive organs of other amniotes, including humans, may give rise to scientific and comparative studies, essential for the establishment of conservation strategies in reptiles.Development of the urinary system in guinea pig females (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>)10.1590/1678-6160-PVB-61602024-02-20T19:57:09.609000Z2020-08-09T06:48:50.315000ZSantos, Amilton C.Lisboa-Neto, Antônio F.S.Silva, Ingrid K.L.Pereira, Helton C.S.Silveira, Júlia M.Silveira, Erick E.Vasconcelos, Bruno G.Assis-Neto, Antônio C.
<em>Santos, Amilton C.</em>;
<em>Lisboa-Neto, Antônio F.s.</em>;
<em>Silva, Ingrid K.l.</em>;
<em>Pereira, Helton C.s.</em>;
<em>Silveira, Júlia M.</em>;
<em>Silveira, Erick E.</em>;
<em>Vasconcelos, Bruno G.</em>;
<em>Assis-Neto, Antônio C.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT: Guinea pigs are animal models widely used in research related to developmental biology. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the process of formation and differentiation of urinary organs in females of the species in the prenatal period. Four females were used at 25, 30, 45 and >65 DG (days of gestation). The animals were dissected, and then macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of the urinary organs were performed. At 25 DG metanephros were present in the urogenital crest into the abdominal cavity. Collecting ducts and glomerular precursor cells could be visualized. After this period, metanephros underwent microstructural modifications to form the kidneys at the end of the prenatal period. After 30 DG, the renal parenchyma already had a cortex, where the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubules were present; and the medulla, where distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, and pelvis were present. The pelvis of each kidney was drained by the ureters. The ureters also underwent tissue differentiation to be differentiated (mucosa with transitional epithelium and lamina propria of connective tissue, muscular, and adventitia) at the end of the prenatal period. The urinary vesicle also underwent tissue changes to form the tunics similar to those found in the ureters, with emphasis on the greater volume of the muscular tunica and the lamina propria that constituted the submucosa in this organ. The pelvic urethra was evidenced by a mucosa lined by transitional epithelium, submucosa, muscular and adventitia. Finally, a partial clitoral urethra and a urethral meatus in the prepuce of the clitoris were also evidenced. The urethral channel began to form with the emergence of the urethral plate and the urethral groove at 30 DG and thereafter with the fusion of the urethral folds to form a partially channeled urethra in the clitoris. A urethral meatus was observed in the most distal portion of the clitoral tissue, formed by the fusion of the prepuce. It is concluded that the urinary organs of guinea pig have similar development to that described in domestic animals, except for the partial clitoral urethra and evident urethral meatus.