Revista Brasileira de Fruticulturahttps://www.scielo.br/feed/rbf/2020.v42n6/2024-02-20T19:57:05.831000ZUnknown authorVol. 42 No. 6 - 2020WerkzeugSelection of somaclonal variants of the cultivar ‘Prata-Anã’ for resistance to <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubens</i>e race 110.1590/0100-294520206202024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZFerreira, Mileide dos SantosMoura, Érica Rodrigues deLino, Lucymeire Souza MoraisAmorim, Edson PeritoSantos-Serejo, Janay Almeida dosHaddad, Fernando
<em>Ferreira, Mileide Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Moura, Érica Rodrigues De</em>;
<em>Lino, Lucymeire Souza Morais</em>;
<em>Amorim, Edson Perito</em>;
<em>Santos-Serejo, Janay Almeida Dos</em>;
<em>Haddad, Fernando</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The banana tree is one of the most cultivated fruit globally; however, some diseases significantly affect its production, such as Fusarium wilt. The most appropriate measure for controlling this disease in areas with inoculum pressure is the use of resistant cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to generate banana somaclones of the cultivar ‘Prata-Anã’ resistant to Fusarium wilt by inducing somaclonal variation. ‘Prata-Anã’ stem apexes were established in vitro in MS culture medium and, on a monthly basis, subcultivated in AIA and adenine sulfate supplemented MS medium with added plant regulators: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 4 ml L-1), Thidiazuron (TDZ, 1 ml L-1), and Paclobutrazol (PBZ, 10 ml L-1). The treatments were: T0: no regulator, T1: BAP, T2: TDZ, T3: PBZ, T4: BAP + TDZ, T5: BAP + PBZ, T6: TDZ + PBZ, and T7: BAP + TDZ + PBZ. After the twelfth subculture, the regenerated plants were planted in boxes containing sterile soil infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and evaluated after 90 days for resistance to the pathogen. Somaclonal variants T2-1 and T2-2, generated in Treatment 2, with TDZ, were selected as resistant. This result is promising for the launch of a new Fusarium race 1-resistant banana variety.Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi in avocado seedlings and effect of pathogen inoculum concentration and substrate flooding periods on root rot and development of the plants10.1590/0100-294520203522024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZFischer, Ivan HermanSampaio, Aloísio CostaBertani, Rosemary Marques de AlmeidaGonçalves, Bruno Henrique LeiteFeichtenberger, Eduardo
<em>Fischer, Ivan Herman</em>;
<em>Sampaio, Aloísio Costa</em>;
<em>Bertani, Rosemary Marques De Almeida</em>;
<em>Gonçalves, Bruno Henrique Leite</em>;
<em>Feichtenberger, Eduardo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The present study evaluated the aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi isolates and the effect of pathogen inoculum concentration and periods of substrate flooding on root rot and plant development. Twelve pathogen isolates were inoculated on the collar region of avocado seedlings with or without wounding. Only 31.3% of the inoculated plants without wounding developed lesions, compared to 100% of the plants with wounding, while the isolates showed different aggressiveness levels. Avocado seedlings had their substrate inoculated with 0, 0.1% and 1.0% (m/v) wheat seeds colonized by the pathogen per pot, and four periods of 0, 12 and 24 h substrate flooding were produced at fortnightly intervals. The assessed parameters were number of leaves per plant, collar diameter, plant height, leaf area index, visual severity percentage of infected roots, fresh mass (%) of diseased roots and dry mass of shoot and roots. Both pathogen inoculation and substrate flooding caused root rot; however, combination of these two factors produced an additional effect on disease symptoms. Root rot severity was superior to 50% when soilless substrate had 0.1% (m/v) P. cinnamomi inoculum and flooded for 12-24 h after inoculation, conditions that can be recommended for pathogenicity and disease control studies using potted avocado plants.Evaluation of mandarin hybrids grafted on 'Rangpur' lime in the Coastal Tablelands, Brazil10.1590/0100-294520200082024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZRibeiro, Lucas de OliveiraGirardi, Eduardo AugustoCarvalho, Hélio Wilson Lemos deBastos, Debora CostaSoares Filho, Walter dos SantosPassos, Orlando Sampaio
<em>Ribeiro, Lucas De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Girardi, Eduardo Augusto</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Hélio Wilson Lemos De</em>;
<em>Bastos, Debora Costa</em>;
<em>Soares Filho, Walter Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Passos, Orlando Sampaio</em>;
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Abstract The production of mandarins is incipient in Northeastern Brazil in spite of the large regional market. Few studies have reported the performance of mandarins under the tropical conditions in Brazil, considering that, in general, the quality and yield of these fruits are more expressive in regions of subtropical and Mediterranean climates. In this work, tree size, fruit production and quality of four mandarin hybrids (‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor, ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Page’ and ‘Nova’ tangelo-mandarin) grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock in Umbaúba, State of Sergipe, Brazil, were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and three trees per plot. Planting was carried out in 2008 at tree spacing of 6.0 x 3.0 m in rainfed cultivation system. ‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor was more productive than ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Nova’ and ‘Page’ tangelo-mandarin, under the conditions evaluated in Umbaúba up to the eleventh year after planting. Regarding fruit quality, ‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor and ‘Page’ tangelo-mandarin can be indicated both for fresh consumption and for processing due to their higher total soluble solids, ratio and vitamin C content in relation to ‘Murcott’ tangor.Vegetative development of Turiaçu pineapple under two ecological conditions in Maranhão, Brazil10.1590/0100-294520206252024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZRamos, Letícia MouraReis, Fabrício de OliveiraAraujo, José Ribamar GusmãoReis, Isaias dos SantosGonçalves, Rawlisson SilvaNeves Junior, Augusto César Vieira
<em>Ramos, Letícia Moura</em>;
<em>Reis, Fabrício De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Araujo, José Ribamar Gusmão</em>;
<em>Reis, Isaias Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Gonçalves, Rawlisson Silva</em>;
<em>Neves Junior, Augusto César Vieira</em>;
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Abstract Pineapple plants of the cultivar Turiaçu are important for the fruit production sector in the state of Maranhão (MA), Brazil, because of their fruit quality and local social and economic value. The objective of the present work was to evaluate characteristics of pineapple plants of the cultivar Turiaçu at vegetative and propagative stages in two places, using two fertilization sources. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Turiaçu and São Luís, MA, using mineral and organic fertilizations. The plants were evaluated for number of leaves and leaf dry weight; stem diameter, length, and dry weight; width, length, and fresh and dry weights of the D leaf; and number of suckers (plantlets). Plants grown in Turiaçu under mineral fertilization had higher number of leaves (up to 162.5% higher) and higher number of suckers (up to 233.3% higher) than those grown in São Luís under organic fertilization. The results of the study indicate that the more favorable climate conditions in the municipality of Turiaçu were decisive for the success of the cultivar, and the organic fertilizer used was not adequate.Culture media and bap concentrations in the embryo culture of ‘BRS Kampai’ peach10.1590/0100-294520206612024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZGrigolo, Chaiane RenataCitadin, IdemirOliveira, Marisa De CaciaScariotto, SilviaPertille, Rafael HenriqueSantos, Ester Provensi
<em>Grigolo, Chaiane Renata</em>;
<em>Citadin, Idemir</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Marisa De Cacia</em>;
<em>Scariotto, Silvia</em>;
<em>Pertille, Rafael Henrique</em>;
<em>Santos, Ester Provensi</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Early-ripening peach cultivars present difficulties in the process of natural germination of seeds. In order to solve this problem, the culture of embryos in vitro can be considered an alternative, in which seeds find conditions to complete germination and development in a satisfactory way. Different protocols and culture media have been tested to meet the nutritional needs of the embryo, but they still have problems and need to be optimized. The objective of this work was to test culture media and BAP concentrations in order to increase the germination percentage of embryos and viable ‘BRS Kampai’ peach seedlings, avoiding possible anomalies in the process. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture – “Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná”, Campus of Pato Branco. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in 2x5 factorial, with four replicates, with plot being represented by 15 embryos. The culture media tested were MS and WPM with five BAP concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L-1). In the in vitro period, seed germination was evaluated through the attribution of scores, and embryo development, measuring the length of stem and main root. During the acclimatization period, seedlings were evaluated for survival, stem length, viable seedlings and rosette formation. Considering the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, it was concluded that MS culture medium with the addition of 1 mg L-1 of BAP allowed higher germination percentage and viable ‘BRS Kampai’ peach seedlings.Physicochemical quality of araçaúna and grumixama at different ripening stages10.1590/0100-294520206552024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZBarros, Bruna Lara AlvarengaZucoloto, MoisesMoreira, Sarah OlaGodinho, Tiago de OliveiraBuffon, Stanley BravoMorais, Andreia Lopes de
<em>Barros, Bruna Lara Alvarenga</em>;
<em>Zucoloto, Moises</em>;
<em>Moreira, Sarah Ola</em>;
<em>Godinho, Tiago De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Buffon, Stanley Bravo</em>;
<em>Morais, Andreia Lopes De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The physicochemical characteristics of fruits of species native to the Atlantic Forest are little known, especially during ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between ripening period and post-harvest storage of araçaúna and grumixama. Fruits were harvested at three ripening stages: green, partially ripe and ripe, according to the epicarp color, and separated into two groups, being stored for 2 and 48 hours. The following variables were evaluated: longitudinal (LD) and cross-sectional (CD) diameter, LD / CD ratio, fresh fruit mass (FM), pulp yield (PY), pH, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS / TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content (AA). Araçaúna fruits stand out due to their high PY (74.43%), with low SS (2.07 ºBrix) and high TA (1.17% citric acid). However, harvesting fully ripe fruits increases SS by 21% and reduces TA by 32.5%. Grumixama fruits are slightly sweet (6.06 ºBrix), with low acidity (0.39% citric acid), high vitamin C content (206.94 mg of ascorbic acid/100g of pulp), and harvest must be performed when fruits are fully ripe. Both species have pulp of potential quality to be commercially exploited, especially for processing.Impact of genotype on fatty acid profile, oil content and nutritional value of the sweet fruits of <i>Acrocomia aculeata</i>10.1590/0100-294520207962024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZAntoniassi, RosemarFreitas, Sidinea Cordeiro deSilva, Tania dos SantosSantiago, Manuela Cristina Pessanha de AraujoWilhelm, Allan EduardoJunqueira, Nilton Tadeu Vilela
<em>Antoniassi, Rosemar</em>;
<em>Freitas, Sidinea Cordeiro De</em>;
<em>Silva, Tania Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Santiago, Manuela Cristina Pessanha De Araujo</em>;
<em>Wilhelm, Allan Eduardo</em>;
<em>Junqueira, Nilton Tadeu Vilela</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) has mainly been evaluated as an oil source focused on biodiesel production. Furthermore, the fruit mesocarp and kernel are edible, and candies, jelly, sweet alcoholic liquor and ice cream are also produced from the mesocarp. Despite its consumption, there is still a lack of information on the nutritional composition of macauba. Selected macauba genotypes producing fruits with a sweet mesocarp were evaluated regarding the fruit characteristics, proximate composition, oil content and fatty acid profile. The mesocarp total sugar (fructose and glucose) content ranged from 4.5 to 9.6 g/100 g, total dietary fiber varied from 6.8 to 9.3 g/100 g, while protein content was up to 2.2 g/100 g (wet basis). There was a significant difference among genotypes for fruit characteristics, pulp oil content (7-29 g/100 g wet basis), and fatty acids from the mesocarp such as C18:1 (36-63%), C18:2 (7-35%) and C18:3 (0.8-7%)(p<0.05), and one of the evaluated genotypes may contribute to daily intake of linoleic and linolenic acids. The carotenes in the mesocarp oil ranged from 30-240 mg/kg. Lauric acid was the main fatty acid in the kernel oil. The differences observed depended on the genetic diversity and point out the nutritional value and different applications for macauba mesocarps.Physiological responses of seeds from full-sib guava families to different substrate temperatures10.1590/0100-294520202782024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZMaitan, Mariana QuintasViana, Alexandre PioVieira, Henrique DuarteSilva, Carla Caroline Amaral daRodrigues, Daniele LimaLeal, Lucas Souza da Silva
<em>Maitan, Mariana Quintas</em>;
<em>Viana, Alexandre Pio</em>;
<em>Vieira, Henrique Duarte</em>;
<em>Silva, Carla Caroline Amaral Da</em>;
<em>Rodrigues, Daniele Lima</em>;
<em>Leal, Lucas Souza Da Silva</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Guava is an important fruit in Brazil and worldwide. However, research has yet to advance on its breeding and seed technology, an essential factor for the development of productive genotypes with germination potential which would support the continuity of breeding programs. In search of a methodology for routine analysis testing of guava seeds under genetic control, this study examined the effect of temperature and substrate on the germination of guava seeds from full-sib families. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of the combination of five temperatures (25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and four substrates (paper roll, on-paper, in-sand and on-sand), with eight replicates of 50 seeds. Germination, germination speed index and live ungerminated seeds were evaluated. The alternating temperatures of 20-30 and 25-35 °C and the paper roll, on-paper and in-sand substrates are adequate conditions for germination tests with guava seeds.Changes in hormonal balance as key to reserve degradation after dormancy overcoming in <i>Annona macroprophyllata</i> and <i>Annona purpurea seeds</i>10.1590/0100-294520206642024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZFerreira, GiselaDe-la-Cruz-Chacón, IvanGonzález-Esquinca, Alma Rosa
<em>Ferreira, Gisela</em>;
<em>De-La-Cruz-Chacón, Ivan</em>;
<em>González-Esquinca, Alma Rosa</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Studies on the effect of the applying of phytoregulators to overcome seed dormancy have been carried out in Annonaceae species, thus the endogenous relationship between abscisic acid and gibberellins after the application of phytoregulators needs to be known in these species. Considering the importance of hormonal balance in dormancy mechanisms, the aim of this research was to elucidate how endogenous ABA and GA concentrations change after the application of phytoregulators in seeds and how these changes affect reserve degradation during germination of Annona macroprophyllata and A. purpurea seeds. Seeds were submitted to three conditions: - no soaking, soaking-in-water and soaking-in-GA4+7+benzyladenine. ABA, GA, lipids, proteins, and total soluble sugars were quantified at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 days after the beginning of treatments. The application of phytoregulators led change of the hormonal balance inducing increase in endogenous GA and reduction in ABA levels since seed soaking. During imbibition, the degradation of seed reserves (breaks proteins first, and then soluble sugars and finally lipids) was observed and complete germination was obtained after 10 days, with primary root emission. In both species, dormancy can be broken soon after seed dispersal when the balance between GA and ABA is endogenously changed (by exogenous application of phytoregulators), leading to metabolic reserve degradation and germination.Nitrogen fertilization and genotypes of peaches in high-density10.1590/0100-294520206292024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZBarreto, Caroline FariasAntunes, Luis Eduardo CorreaFerreira, Letícia VanniNavroski, RenanBenati, Jorge AtílioNava, Gilberto
<em>Barreto, Caroline Farias</em>;
<em>Antunes, Luis Eduardo Correa</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Letícia Vanni</em>;
<em>Navroski, Renan</em>;
<em>Benati, Jorge Atílio</em>;
<em>Nava, Gilberto</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Among the factors that affect peach productivity is the proper nutrition of plants, being nitrogen (N) one of the main nutrients for the crop. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on macronutrient leaf contents, plant development and production of different genotypes of peach trees cultivated at high planting density, seeking to recommend the most appropriate concentration. The experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2018 using peach selections ‘Cascata 1513’ and ‘Cascata 1067’ and with nitrogen fertilization concentrations (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of N). Pruning mass, trunk diameter, number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass, yield per plant, yield per hectare and leaf macronutrients were evaluated. The increase of N concentration increases the N content in leaves. For the conditions of this experiment the maximum production per plant was obtained for the highest dose of 180 Kg ha of N.Erratum10.1590/0100-29452020278erratum2024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000Z