Revista Brasileira de Fruticulturahttps://www.scielo.br/feed/rbf/2022.v44n5/2024-02-20T19:57:05.831000ZVol. 44 No. 5 - 2022WerkzeugApplication of Accumula ted Heat Units in The Control of The Olive Moth, <i>Prays Oleae</i> (BERN.) (LEP., PRAYDIDAE), in Olive Groves in Southern Spain10.1590/0100-294520228042024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZCivantos-Ruiz, ManuelGómez-Guzmán, José AlfonsoSainz-Pérez, MaríaGonzález-Ruiz, Ramón
<em>Civantos-Ruiz, Manuel</em>;
<em>Gómez-Guzmán, José Alfonso</em>;
<em>Sainz-Pérez, María</em>;
<em>González-Ruiz, Ramón</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Olive moth, Prays oleae, is one of the most important phytophagous of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. Its control is based on the application of chemical insecticides, sometimes combined with the release of natural enemies. The need for application is established according to population thresholds. How-ever, the wide range of environmental conditions requires the adoption of comple-mentary elements that allow the adequate time of applications to the phenological stages responsible for the damage. During the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, weekly observations of the insect phenology have been performed in 10 plots of olive trees at different altitudes (253 m to 1017 m) in the province of Jaén (southern Spain), recording daily temperature variations at 4-hour intervals. This has allowed deter-mining the thermal integrals for the three insect generations and to specify the in-fluence of the altitude on its development periods, more especially in those corre-sponding to the philophagous and carpophagous generations. This knowledge has allowed the development of a model-chronogram for the adjustment of treatment dates based on crop altitude.Host status of stinking passion flower and yellow passion fruit to <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne javanica</i> and <i>Pratylenchus brachyurus</i>10.1590/0100-294520224292024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZPaes, Bruno Scentinela JacinthoInomoto, Mário MassayukiSilva, Aline Mayara Gonçalves Barros
<em>Paes, Bruno Scentinela Jacintho</em>;
<em>Inomoto, Mário Massayuki</em>;
<em>Silva, Aline Mayara Gonçalves Barros</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Stinking passion flower (Passiflora foetida L.) is an herbaceous vine used due its medicinal properties. It could be an option to be used as a rootstock for sour passion fruit (P. edulis). This interest was especially motivated by its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passifloraeand F. solani, two soilborne pathogens that severely limit the sour passion fruit cultivation in Brazil. Phytonematodes are other important soil pathogens to most crops, including Passiflora species, and they often interact synergistically with pathogenic Fusarium spp. strains. However, the host status of stinking passion flower to phytonematodes was not assessed yet. Therefore, three pot experiments were carried out in order to assess the reproduction of Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne javanica and on Pratylenchus brachyurusstinking passion flower and sour passion fruit. Both P. foetida and P. edulis were susceptible to R. reniformis, but immune (or highly resistant) to both M. javanica and P. brachyurus. Based on previous and the present work, R. reniformis stands out and could be pointed as the most important species to species of Passiflora.Occurrence of Rust in <i>Myrcianthes pungens</i> (O. BERG) D. Legrand Caused by <i>Austropuccinia psidii</i> in The State of Rio Grande do Sul10.1590/0100-294520220732024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZSantos, Rodrigo Areze da SilvaSchwarz, Sergio FranciscoSilva, Magnólia Aparecida Silva daBertolini, EdsonAndrade, Camila Cristina Lage dePacini, Bruna Alana Haupt
<em>Santos, Rodrigo Areze Da Silva</em>;
<em>Schwarz, Sergio Francisco</em>;
<em>Silva, Magnólia Aparecida Silva Da</em>;
<em>Bertolini, Edson</em>;
<em>Andrade, Camila Cristina Lage De</em>;
<em>Pacini, Bruna Alana Haupt</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Guabiju tree (Myrcianthes pungens) belongs to the Myrtaceae family, with wide occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, demonstrates great commercial potential regarding the consumption of its fresh fruit, which has a sweet taste and can be used in drinks, jellies and ice creams, in addition to its nutraceutical properties. As their main characteristic, rusts present the formation of orange pustules containing urediniospores of the pathogen on affected organs. The action of the pathogen causes deformation of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, thus interfer-ing with the physiological processes of the plant. Thus, the present work aimed at presenting information on the occurrence and confirmation of the causal agent of guabiju rust, in addition to reporting the accessions most susceptible and resistant to Austropuccinia in the guabiju working collection of Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The diagnosis of the disease was based on symptoms, observation of fungal structures by light microscopy and molecular analyses. From microscopy, ellipsoid to ovoid and slightly equinulate urediniospores were observed, characteristic of Austropuccinia sp. The sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolate showed 99.06% similarity with sequences from the same region of A. psidii deposited on the nucleotide database - GenBank (NCBI). This is the first report of rust associated with guabiju in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. From the diagrammatic scale developed, it was possible to identify different levels of susceptibility to A. psidii in guabiju accessions under study.Phenology of hass avocado in the Andean tropics of Caldas, Colombia10.1590/0100-294520222522024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZGarcia, Juan Sebastián AriasSilva, Danielle Pereira daSalazar, Alejandro HurtadoEspinoza, Rodrigo Alejandro IturrietaCeballos-Aguirre, Nelson
<em>Garcia, Juan Sebastián Arias</em>;
<em>Silva, Danielle Pereira Da</em>;
<em>Salazar, Alejandro Hurtado</em>;
<em>Espinoza, Rodrigo Alejandro Iturrieta</em>;
<em>Ceballos-Aguirre, Nelson</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this study was to document and analyze the effect of climate on the phenological development of ‘Hass’ avocado in two contrasting zones of the Andean tropics of Caldas, located at altitudes of 1,950m and 2,400m a.s.l., respectively. A completely randomized experimental design was carried out using a five to seven year-old ‘Hass’ tree as experimental unit and 15 replicates on each area. Observations were conducted on lateral sylleptic shoots and their corresponding apical buds located on the eastern and western sides of each tree. The destination of the apical bud of lateral shoots was quantified, floral phenology was documented, heat units were calculated from reproductive bud stage 1 to anthesis and to harvest and root growth was followed for each study area. Air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) values were recorded over time. Differences were found in the number of apical buds of lateral shoots with reproductive and vegetative destination, flowering phenology, heat units, root growth, PAR and precipitation. Differences were found among variables evaluated at the two contrasting altitudes. There is a clear need for further ecophysiological studies on this fruit tree in tropical areas in particular.Impact of some natural extracts on rooting performance of coratina olive cuttings10.1590/0100-294520229722024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZRashedy, Ahmed Abdelhady
<em>Rashedy, Ahmed Abdelhady</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Stimulating root formation is the key to successful cutting propagation. Natural root stimulators are eco-friendly, biodegradable and sustainable tools that prevent the environment from pollution. Horticulturists have given the role of sol-vents in natural extracts little attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the effect of three extract solutions (aqueous, vinegary and ethanol) for ten natural extracts (humic, licorice roots, ginger roots, cinnamon bark, garlic bulbs, bread yeast, moringa leaves, willow leaves, willow shoots and control at a concentration of 20% on rooting of Coratina hardwood olive cuttings. Regarding the effect of solvent on rooting performance of Coratina olive cuttings, both ethanol and vinegar as a sol-vent improved the efficiency of the natural extract in rooting behavior compared to the water as solvent. Regarding the effect of the natural extracts, ginger extracts generally recorded the highest root charcgters compared to the other natural ex-tracts. As for the interaction effect, licorice vinegar extract recorded the highest root-ing percent (25%, 32.77%) followed by both humic ethanolic (27.07%, 24.67%) and vinegary (25.03%, 19.67%) extract then ginger vinegar extract (20.83%, 18%) for both seasons, respectively. According to organic farm regulation, ginger vinegar extract can be recommended followed by licorice vinegar extract.Dormancy overcoming in seeds of <i>Myrciaria glomerata</i> O. Berg.10.1590/0100-294520229322024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZSantos, Cleberton CorreiaSantos, Silvia CorreaPinto, FernandaDresch, Daiane MugnolScalon, Silvana de Paula QuintãoTorales, Elissandra Pacito
<em>Santos, Cleberton Correia</em>;
<em>Santos, Silvia Correa</em>;
<em>Pinto, Fernanda</em>;
<em>Dresch, Daiane Mugnol</em>;
<em>Scalon, Silvana De Paula Quintão</em>;
<em>Torales, Elissandra Pacito</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Myrciaria glomerata O. Berg. (Myrtaceae) is a fruit tree native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with potential for use as food and medicine, besides having good ecological potential. However, this species is limited by low germination rates. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different methods to overcome dormancy in seeds of M. glomerata and to improve seedling vigor. For this, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, seven treatments were tested: a control treatment, immersion in water at 100 ºC for 30 seconds, immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 1 and 5 minutes, immersion in an aqueous solution of gibberellic acid (GA3) at the concentrations of 250 and 500 mg L-1 for 24 h, and seeds homogenized with an aqueous solution of Stimulate® at a concentration of 5 mL kg-1 seed. In Experiment 2, six doses of Stimulate® were tested: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mL kg-1 seed. The immersion of seeds in 250 and 500 mg L-1 GA3 contributes to increase germination rates, seed length, fresh mass, and dry mass compared to the control and the other methods tested. Immersions in water at 100 ºC and in H2SO4 are not recommended for M. glomerata. The treatment with Stimulate® at 15–25 mL kg-1 seed increased all characteristics analyzed. Immersion in 250 mg L-1 GA3 and Stimu-late® at 20–25 mL kg-1 seed efficiently stimulated seeds to overcome dormancy in M. glomerata, as well as improved seedling vigor.Dris norms for ‘Keitt’ mango in the Brazilian Semiarid Region:Diagnosis and validation10.1590/0100-294520221172024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZTullio, LeonardoRozane, Danilo Eduardo
<em>Tullio, Leonardo</em>;
<em>Rozane, Danilo Eduardo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Nutritional standards based on long-term data improve the nutritional diagnosis of the crop, as they make norms more precise and establish more refined criteria. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of the mango crop using the DRIS methodology to identify nutritional limitations and validate norms. A da-tabase of 202 commercial plots was used, whose leaves were collected in the floral induction period between 2011 and 2018 in the Brazilian semiarid region. The productivity of 'Keitt' mango under the Brazilian semiarid conditions was not related to NBI-DRIS. Nutrient concentration presents positive and significant relationship with the respective DRIS indices, enabling the determination of the balance point, establishing a nutritional standard and enabling the use of foliar diagnosis for the variety. The order of nutrients with the highest frequency of limitations due to lack, in decreasing order, was: Zn > Al > Na > Cu > S > B > Mn > P = K > Fe > Ca > N > Mg, and limitation due to excess, in decreasing order was: Fe > Na > Mg > Al > Cu > B = N > S > Ca > P = K > Zn > Mn.Nutrient dynamic in cocoa leaves under different nitrogen sources: a reference tool for foliar analysis10.1590/0100-294520220352024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZRomero, Melissa AlexandraVásquez, Santiago C.Romero, Adriana ElizabethMolina-Müller, Marlene LorenaCapa-Morocho, Mirian IreneGranja, Fernando
<em>Romero, Melissa Alexandra</em>;
<em>Vásquez, Santiago C.</em>;
<em>Romero, Adriana Elizabeth</em>;
<em>Molina-Müller, Marlene Lorena</em>;
<em>Capa-Morocho, Mirian Irene</em>;
<em>Granja, Fernando</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Cocoa is a crop in increasing demand and cultivated worldwide. However, basic information concerning the movement of nutrients in leaves over time is still unknown, and methods to find an optimal time to collect a sample are still ambigu-ous. The present work focused on describing the movement of foliar nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in productive 5-year-old cocoa clone CCN51 plants at the same dose of 114.8 kg ha-1 under different sources of nitrogen fertilization (Urea, calcium ni-trate, ammonium sulfate and a control without application). Samples were taken from the time the leaf reached 70% of its total expansion until 10 months of age. The results indicated that the contents of N, Ca and Mg increased as the leaf grew, remained stable between 116 and 158 days of shoot emergence (DSE) and then decreased at the beginning of the leaf senescence period. While the K and P con-tents decrease from the beginning of the trial until 158 DSE where they are stable until the final stage of leaf life. Around 110 to 120 DSE, the leaves of cocoa CCN51 show a more stable nutritional content, a period in which samples can be collected for leaf analysis.Nutritional demand of 'Grande Naine' and 'Prata Comum' banana bunches in two growing seasons10.1590/0100-294520224302024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZOliveira, Cibelle Tamiris deRozane, Danilo EduardoPavarin, Levi Godke FaberAkamine, Henrique ShiniytiSilva, Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla daLima, Juliana Domingues
<em>Oliveira, Cibelle Tamiris De</em>;
<em>Rozane, Danilo Eduardo</em>;
<em>Pavarin, Levi Godke Faber</em>;
<em>Akamine, Henrique Shiniyti</em>;
<em>Silva, Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla Da</em>;
<em>Lima, Juliana Domingues</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The quantification of nutrients accumulated and exported by banana bunches provides information on the crop nutritional requirements. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the nutritional demand of 'Grande Naine' and 'Prata Comum' banana bunches in the region of Vale do Ribeira, state of São Paulo. Bunch sampling was carried out in six harvest seasons, summer, and winter. The results of dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in bunches were submitted to analysis of variance. Relative growth rates (TCR), organogenic net accumulation (TALON), export and order of nutrient accumulation in bunches were estimated. K and N were the nutrients most accumulated and exported by both cultivars. In har-vest period 5 (commercial harvest), more dry matter was produced in the summer and more nutrients were accumulated in the winter. The highest TCR values were observed between periods 2 and 3 in the summer and between 0 and 1 in the winter, but it did not always follow TALON. The results obtained are important to adapt the nutritional management of these cultivars to the study region, especially in relation to the growing season, due to the longer permanence of the bunch on the plant in the winter and greater demand for nutrients until commercial harvest.Growth of<i>Campomanesia adamantium</i> (Cambess.) O. Berg, native to Brazilian Cerrado, with green manure in agroecological system contributes to the preservation of the species10.1590/0100-294520220842024-02-20T19:57:05.831000Z2020-08-09T06:49:05.990000ZNascimento, Jaqueline SilvaVieira, Maria do CarmoZárate, Néstor Antonio HerediaGoelzer, AdemirSilva, Orivaldo Benedito daSantos, Cleberton Correia
<em>Nascimento, Jaqueline Silva</em>;
<em>Vieira, Maria Do Carmo</em>;
<em>Zárate, Néstor Antonio Heredia</em>;
<em>Goelzer, Ademir</em>;
<em>Silva, Orivaldo Benedito Da</em>;
<em>Santos, Cleberton Correia</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Campomanesia adamantium (guavira) is a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado used both as food and as medicine. The plant has undergone indiscriminate overexploitation in its habitat, which, in association with fires and deforestation, puts the species at risk of extinction. To preserve the species, in situ and ex situ management actions are required and agroecological practices associated with green manuring is the recommended system. In this study, we investigated the development of C. adamantium grown with the green manures Stylosanthes macrocephala, Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Cajanus cajan, as well as the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The green manures had the highest production of fresh and dry masses at the second cut and C. mucunoides, S. macrocephala, and P. phaseoloides presented the highest nutrient concentrations. C. mucunoides mass decomposed rapidly and influenced the chemical properties of the soil, with a greater role of soil microorganisms in the biochemical process of decomposition of the organic residues. The bestdeveloped and highest yielding plants with the highest leaf nutrient content were obtained for C. adamantium grown with the green manures C. mucunoides and S. macrocephala. The results showed that C. adamantium responded positively to the use of the green manure C. mucunoides with increased leaf production. This agroecological cultivation to contributes for the preservation of C. adamantium and the appropriate use of the natural resources of the Cerrado.