Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterináriahttps://www.scielo.br/feed/rbpv/2015.v24n3/2023-12-08T21:07:57.215000ZVol. 24 No. 3 - 2015Werkzeug<i>Cryptosporidium</i> infections in birds - a review10.1590/S1984-296120150632023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZNakamura, Alex AkiraMeireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos
<em>Nakamura, Alex Akira</em>;
<em>Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the main protozoan infections in birds. It manifests as either a respiratory or a digestive illness, and it affects a very large number of avian species across several continents. The aim of this review is to report on the main results of studies on cryptosporidiosis among birds and the importance of these results to veterinary medicine and public health.Anthelmintic activity of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> against <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>10.1590/S1984-296120150592023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZMacedo, Iara Tersia FreitasOliveira, Lorena Mayana Beserra deRibeiro, Wesley Lyeverton CorreiaSantos, Jessica Maria Leite dosSilva, Kaline das ChagasAraújo Filho, José Vilemar deCamurça-Vasconcelos, Ana Lourdes FernandesBevilaqua, Claudia Maria Leal
<em>Macedo, Iara Tersia Freitas</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Lorena Mayana Beserra De</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Wesley Lyeverton Correia</em>;
<em>Santos, Jessica Maria Leite Dos</em>;
<em>Silva, Kaline Das Chagas</em>;
<em>Araújo Filho, José Vilemar De</em>;
<em>Camurça-Vasconcelos, Ana Lourdes Fernandes</em>;
<em>Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria Leal</em>;
<br/><br/>
Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.Gastrointestinal and external parasites of the white-crested elaenia <i>Elaenia albiceps chilensis</i> (Aves, Tyrannidae) in Chile10.1590/S1984-296120150532023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZFuentes, DannyReyes, JaimeSepúlveda, María SoledadKinsella, MikeMironov, SergeyCicchino, ArmandoMoreno, LucilaLandaeta-Aqueveque, CarlosTroncoso, IgnacioGonzález-Acuña, Daniel
<em>Fuentes, Danny</em>;
<em>Reyes, Jaime</em>;
<em>Sepúlveda, María Soledad</em>;
<em>Kinsella, Mike</em>;
<em>Mironov, Sergey</em>;
<em>Cicchino, Armando</em>;
<em>Moreno, Lucila</em>;
<em>Landaeta-Aqueveque, Carlos</em>;
<em>Troncoso, Ignacio</em>;
<em>González-Acuña, Daniel</em>;
<br/><br/>
The objective of this study is to evaluate the ectoparasites and helminths of the white-crested elaenia, Elaenia albiceps chilensis. Feather mites Anisophyllodes elaeniae, Trouessartia elaeniae, and Analges sp. were detected in 51% of birds (n=106), whereas 24% were infected with lice (Tyranniphilopterus delicatulus, Menacanthus cfr. distinctus, and Ricinus cfr. invadens). Helminths Viguiera sp. and Capillaria sp. were found in five of the birds that were necropsied (n=20). With the exception of A. elaeniae, T. elaeniae, and T. delicatulus, all parasites represented new records found for the white-crested elaenia, and therefore for the Chilean repertoire of biodiversity.Ectocommensal and ectoparasites in goldfish <i>Carassius auratus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) in farmed in the State of São Paulo10.1590/S1984-296120150542023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZMoyses, Carla Renata SerantoniSpadacci-Morena, Diva DenelleXavier, José GuilhermeAntonucci, Antonio MataresioLallo, Maria Anete
<em>Moyses, Carla Renata Serantoni</em>;
<em>Spadacci-Morena, Diva Denelle</em>;
<em>Xavier, José Guilherme</em>;
<em>Antonucci, Antonio Mataresio</em>;
<em>Lallo, Maria Anete</em>;
<br/><br/>
Concomitant infections by several parasitic genera are rare, very debilitating and often lethal to fish reared under commercial breeding conditions. Were describe a multiple and concurrent parasite infestation in cultured goldfish Carassius auratus with skin damage (nodules and/or ulceration). Fish with skin lesions underwent necropsy, and the skin and gills were scraped and examined. Histopathological examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Giemsa stain, and an ultrastructure study using transmission and scanning electron microscopy were conducted. In the skin, we identified multiple-parasite infestations by Gyrodactylidae, Epistylis sp., Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tetrahymena sp. and Ichthyobodo necator,associated with epithelial cell hyperplasia and epidermal sloughing. Although no gross lesions were observed, were identified a large number of parasites in the gills (Epistylis sp., Piscinoodinium sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Apiosoma sp., Hexamitasp. and cysts of a trematode digenean). The observed trematodes were not identified. The associated microscopic lesions were epithelial hypertrophic and hyperplasic and exhibited fusion of secondary lamellae and epithelial cell detachment. This is the first description of a protozoan Vorticella sp. parasitizing goldfish in Brazil. Multiple ectoparasitism by protozoa and Platyhelminthes, with or without apparent tissue damage, can be fatal for goldfish raised on farms with poor management.Recombinant gp19 as a potential antigen for detecting anti-<i>Ehrlichia canis</i> antibodies in dog sera10.1590/S1984-296120150552023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZOliveira, Rômulo Silva deCunha, Rodrigo CasqueroMoraes-Filho, JonasGonçales, Relber AguiarLara, Ana Paula de Souza Stori deAvila, Luciana Farias da Costa deLabruna, Marcelo BahiaLeite, Fábio Pereira Leivas
<em>Oliveira, Rômulo Silva De</em>;
<em>Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero</em>;
<em>Moraes-Filho, Jonas</em>;
<em>Gonçales, Relber Aguiar</em>;
<em>Lara, Ana Paula De Souza Stori De</em>;
<em>Avila, Luciana Farias Da Costa De</em>;
<em>Labruna, Marcelo Bahia</em>;
<em>Leite, Fábio Pereira Leivas</em>;
<br/><br/>
The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by Ehrlichia canis, is endemic in several regions of Brazil. Some serological diagnostic techniques using immunodominant proteins of E. canis as antigens are available, but their specificities and sensitivities are questionable. Based on this, the objective of this study was to test the antigenic potential of the recombinant gp19 protein (rGP19) for subsequent use in diagnostic tests. The rGP19 expressed in the Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) C41 was recognized in the sera from experimentally infected dogs using ELISA and Western blotting. Thus, it was possible to obtain a promising antigen with the ability to differentiate between E. canis-positive and -negative animals, even 1 week after infection.The prevalence of antibodies to <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China10.1590/S1984-296120150502023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZWang, Jin-LeiZhou, Dong-HuiChen, JiaLiu, Guang-XuePu, Wen-BingLiu, Ting-YuQin, Si-YuanYin, Ming-YangZhu, Xing-Quan
<em>Wang, Jin-Lei</em>;
<em>Zhou, Dong-Hui</em>;
<em>Chen, Jia</em>;
<em>Liu, Guang-Xue</em>;
<em>Pu, Wen-Bing</em>;
<em>Liu, Ting-Yu</em>;
<em>Qin, Si-Yuan</em>;
<em>Yin, Ming-Yang</em>;
<em>Zhu, Xing-Quan</em>;
<br/><br/>
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect warm-blooded animals and humans. The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China. A total of 637 blood samples were collected from seven regions in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2011 and assayed for T. gondiiantibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Risk factors (age, gender, and region) related to seroprevalence were determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 200 horses (31.4%, 95% CI 27.79–35.00) were seropositive for T. gondii. Age, gender, and region present no association with seroprevalence (p>0.05) in the logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that T. gondii is widely prevalent in horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China, representing a serious threat to animal and human health. Therefore, more careful measures should be performed to control and prevent T. gondii infection in horses from Xinjiang, northwestern China.Occurrence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and <i>Giardia</i> spp. in a public water-treatment system, Paraná, Southern Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120150512023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZAlmeida, Jonatas CamposMartins, Felippe Danyel CardosoFerreira Neto, José MaurícioSantos, Maíra Moreira dosGarcia, João LuisNavarro, Italmar TeodoricoKuroda, Emília KiyomiFreire, Roberta Lemos
<em>Almeida, Jonatas Campos</em>;
<em>Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso</em>;
<em>Ferreira Neto, José Maurício</em>;
<em>Santos, Maíra Moreira Dos</em>;
<em>Garcia, João Luis</em>;
<em>Navarro, Italmar Teodorico</em>;
<em>Kuroda, Emília Kiyomi</em>;
<em>Freire, Roberta Lemos</em>;
<br/><br/>
The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in a public water-treatment system. Samples of raw and treated water were collected and concentrated using the membrane filtration technique. Direct Immunofluorescence Test was performed on the samples. DNA extraction using a commercial kit was performed and the DNA extracted was submitted to a nested-PCR reaction (n-PCR) and sequencing. In the immunofluorescence, 2/24 (8.33%) samples of raw water were positive for Giardia spp.. In n-PCR and sequencing, 2/24 (8.33%) samples of raw water were positive for Giardia spp., and 2/24 (8.33%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp.. The sequencing showed Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis DNA. In raw water, there was moderate correlation among turbidity, color and Cryptosporidium spp. and between turbidity and Giardia spp.. The presence of these protozoans in the water indicates the need for monitoring for water-treatment companies.Expression of a recombinant protein, A2 family, from <i>Leishmania infantum</i> (Jaboticabal strain) and its evaluation in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis serological test10.1590/S1984-296120150602023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZJusi, Márcia Mariza GomesOliveira, Trícia Maria Ferreira de SousaNakaghi, Andréa Cristina HigaAndré, Marcos RogérioMachado, Rosangela Zacarias
<em>Jusi, Márcia Mariza Gomes</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Trícia Maria Ferreira De Sousa</em>;
<em>Nakaghi, Andréa Cristina Higa</em>;
<em>André, Marcos Rogério</em>;
<em>Machado, Rosangela Zacarias</em>;
<br/><br/>
This study aimed to express a recombinant A2 family protein of Leishmania chagasi, Jaboticabal strain; test this protein as an antigen in serological assays; and investigate its antigenicity and immunogenicity. A protein coded by an allele of the A2 gene isolated from L. chagasi was expressed in three different strains of Escherichia coli. We used 29 sera samples from Leishmune-vaccinated dogs, 482 sera samples from dogs from endemic areas (positive controls), and 170 sera samples from dogs from non-endemic areas (negative controls) in ELISA tests using soluble Leishmaniaantigen (SLA) and His-A2 as antigen. Expressed proteins showed, by western blotting, the expression of an 11 KDa protein. Sixty-three percent (303/482) of the samples from endemic areas were positive by ELISA His-A2, whereas 93.1% (27/29) of Leishmune®-vaccinated animals were negative by His-A2-ELISA. Anti-A2 antibodies from mice inoculated with the A2 protein were detected in slides containing amastigote forms, but not in slides containing promastigote forms. The A2 recombinant protein from L. chagasi may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of CVL, and further tests regarding the infection stage and the specie of parasite at which the dogs are sampled should provide a better understanding of our results.Galectins and collectinis expression are increased in <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>-infected corriedale sheep10.1590/S1984-296120150562023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZSouza, Bárbara Maria Paraná da SilvaLambert, Sabrina MotaNishi, Sandra MayumiBenavides, Magda VieiraBerne, Maria Elisabeth AiresMadruga, Claudio RobertoAlmeida, Maria Angela Ornelas de
<em>Souza, Bárbara Maria Paraná Da Silva</em>;
<em>Lambert, Sabrina Mota</em>;
<em>Nishi, Sandra Mayumi</em>;
<em>Benavides, Magda Vieira</em>;
<em>Berne, Maria Elisabeth Aires</em>;
<em>Madruga, Claudio Roberto</em>;
<em>Almeida, Maria Angela Ornelas De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in sheep. Twelve Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.New records of three species of nematodes in <i>Cerdocyon thous</i> from the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands10.1590/S1984-296120150612023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZGomes, Ana Paula NascimentoOlifiers, NatalieSantos, Michele Maria dosSimões, Raquel de OliveiraMaldonado Júnior, Arnaldo
<em>Gomes, Ana Paula Nascimento</em>;
<em>Olifiers, Natalie</em>;
<em>Santos, Michele Maria Dos</em>;
<em>Simões, Raquel De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Maldonado Júnior, Arnaldo</em>;
<br/><br/>
We report the occurrence of nematodes collected from the gut of roadkilled crab-eating foxes (two adult males and one juvenile female), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), found on the BR 262 highway in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil in 2011. Three helminth species were identified: Ancylostoma buckleyi, Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata, and Ascaridia galli. These nematodes are reported for the first time to infect C. thous from the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands, thereby expanding their geographical distribution.Antimicrobial activity of <i>Stomoxys calcitrans</i>against <i>Beauveria bassiana sensu lato</i> isolates10.1590/S1984-296120150642023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZMoraes, Ana Paula Rodrigues deSalles, Cristiane Martins Cardoso deBittencourt, Vânia Rita Elias PinheiroBittencourt, Avelino José
<em>Moraes, Ana Paula Rodrigues De</em>;
<em>Salles, Cristiane Martins Cardoso De</em>;
<em>Bittencourt, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro</em>;
<em>Bittencourt, Avelino José</em>;
<br/><br/>
This study had the aims of evaluating the antimicrobial characteristics of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae against the fungal isolates CG138, CG228 and ESALQ986 of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin, 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). S. calcitrans eggs, larvae and pupae were exposed to these same isolates. Statistical analysis showed that the immature stages of S. calcitrans were not susceptible to the fungal isolates used, regardless of the exposure method. Diffusion test on solid culture medium reveled that macerated S. calcitrans larvae exposed to isolate CG138 reduced CG138 fungal development. The analysis of the chromatographic profiles indicated that the macerate or mucus of larvae of the control group and the groups exposed to the isolate CG138 presented different profiles. Reduced development of the isolate CG138 on the larvae cuticle was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy.Brazilian donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>) have a low exposure to <i>Neospora</i> spp.10.1590/S1984-296120150572023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZGalvão, Cynthia Maria Morais de QueirozRezende-Gondim, Mariana MarregaChaves, Ana Carla RodriguesSchares, GereonRibas, Jorge Raimundo LinsGondim, Luís Fernando Pita
<em>Galvão, Cynthia Maria Morais De Queiroz</em>;
<em>Rezende-Gondim, Mariana Marrega</em>;
<em>Chaves, Ana Carla Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Schares, Gereon</em>;
<em>Ribas, Jorge Raimundo Lins</em>;
<em>Gondim, Luís Fernando Pita</em>;
<br/><br/>
Donkeys (Equus asinus) are closely related to horses and are known to be infected by several equine pathogens. Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi are protozoan parasites that infect horses, but they were not confirmed in donkeys up to this date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of donkeys (Equus asinus) to Neospora spp. using tachyzoites of N. caninum as antigen and employing two common serologic methods, IFAT and immunoblot. Sera from 500 donkeys were obtained from 30 municipalities in Bahia state and tested by IFAT. Two of 500 sera were positive for Neospora spp. by IFAT with antibody titers of 100, and recognized a 37kDa antigen in immunoblot. Approximately 22% of the samples showed strong apical reactions and/or incomplete fluorescence, what may cause confusion in the interpretation of IFAT. We concluded that Neospora spp. are possibly of minor importance for Brazilian donkeys. Future studies are necessary to prove that Neospora spp. can naturally infect donkeys.Pathological and parasitological characterization of infection by trematodes (Paramphistomatidae) in the large intestine of capybaras10.1590/S1984-296120150582023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZAvelar, Isabela de OliveiraSilva, Ana Patrícia CarvalhoGardiner, ChrisSantos, Renato de LimaLima, Walter dos SantosEcco, Roselene
<em>Avelar, Isabela De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Silva, Ana Patrícia Carvalho</em>;
<em>Gardiner, Chris</em>;
<em>Santos, Renato De Lima</em>;
<em>Lima, Walter Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Ecco, Roselene</em>;
<br/><br/>
Gross and histological lesions caused by an intestinal parasite were described in three capybaras. The parasites presented a mean length of 14 mm and width of 7 mm, were round to oval or piriform, reddish and pedunculated, and adhered strongly to the mucosa of the large intestine. The intestinal mucosa at the parasite attachment site presented loss of surface epithelium and most glands, with replacement by fibrovascular proliferation that protruded from the mucosa and was involuted by the ventral sucker of the parasite. The lamina propria presented cellular debris, eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells. The morphological characteristics, observed using serial histological sections, made it possible to classify the parasite as a trematode (Paramphistomatidae), compatible with Taxorchis schistocotyle. One capybara also harbored many ciliated protozoa in the large intestine (at the site of attachment of the parasite) and inside the caeca of the trematodes. In conclusion, this study described a multifocal necrotizing colitis associated with T. schistocotyle parasitism in capybaras.Development and health status of <i>Centropomus undecimalis</i>parasitized by <i>Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus</i> (Monogenea) under different salinity and temperature conditions10.1590/S1984-296120150622023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZMello, Giovanni Lemos deJerônimo, Gabriela TomasTancredo, Karen RobertaBrol, JéssicaAlmeida, Evelyn Jacques deMartins, Maurício LaterçaTsuzuki, Mônica Yumi
<em>Mello, Giovanni Lemos De</em>;
<em>Jerônimo, Gabriela Tomas</em>;
<em>Tancredo, Karen Roberta</em>;
<em>Brol, Jéssica</em>;
<em>Almeida, Evelyn Jacques De</em>;
<em>Martins, Maurício Laterça</em>;
<em>Tsuzuki, Mônica Yumi</em>;
<br/><br/>
This study evaluated the correlation of hematological parameters with the mean abundance of the monogenean helminth Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus in Centropomus undecimalis reared at different temperatures and salinities. The experimental conditions were: 28 °C/0 ppt (parts per thousand); 28 °C/15 ppt; 28 °C/32 ppt; 25 °C/0 ppt; 25 °C/15 ppt; and 25 °C/32 ppt. The prevalence was 100.0% in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt, 28 °C/32 ppt and 25 °C/15 ppt, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from those at 25 °C/32 ppt. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total leukocyte (WBC) count were significantly higher in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt and 28 °C/32 ppt. The mean abundance of R. rhabdosynochus, hematocrit and RBC showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with temperature (ρ= 0.3908; ρ= 0.4771 and ρ = 0.2812). Mean abundance showed negative correlations with hemoglobin (ρ= -0.3567) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (ρ = -0.2684). No correlation between abundance and salinity was detected among the experimental conditions (ρ = -0.0204). The low numbers of monogeneans recorded (min -1 and max -33) explain the few changes to fish health. This suggests that these experimental conditions may be recommended for development of rearing of C. undecimalis in Brazil, without any influence or economic losses from R. rhabdosynochus.<i>Amblyomma nodosum</i> (Neumann, 1899): observations on life cycle under laboratory conditions10.1590/S1984-296120150202023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZPinheiro, Michele da CostaLourenço, Elizabete CaptivoSá-Hungaro, Iwine Joyce Barbosa deFamadas, Kátia Maria
<em>Pinheiro, Michele Da Costa</em>;
<em>Lourenço, Elizabete Captivo</em>;
<em>Sá-Hungaro, Iwine Joyce Barbosa De</em>;
<em>Famadas, Kátia Maria</em>;
<br/><br/>
The natural hosts of Amblyomma nodosum in the immature stages are a variety of birds and the anteater in the adult stage. However, so far no data have been published about this tick’s life cycle. To fill this gap, a record was made of its development under laboratory conditions. All the procedures were controlled in a BOD chamber set at 27±1 °C and 80±10% relative humidity and scotophase. The parasitic stages were raised on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758), from which more than 50% of larvae and nymphs were recovered, although only a small portion performed ecdysis. The adults did not fixed on the rabbits, which suggests that the experimental conditions were unsuitable for the requirements of this species. The data obtained here indicate that A. nodosum is highly dependent on its host and environment whereas under laboratory conditions and host chosen for the study was not obtained satisfactory results and new studies with different hosts and new environmental conditions should be elaborated.Anatomical location of <i>Periglischrus iheringi</i>(Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with the great fruit-eating bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)10.1590/S1984-296120150222023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZAlmeida, JulianaSerra-Freire, NicolauPeracchi, Adriano
<em>Almeida, Juliana</em>;
<em>Serra-Freire, Nicolau</em>;
<em>Peracchi, Adriano</em>;
<br/><br/>
Spinturnicid mites are ectoparasites that infest the wings of bats, and species of the genus Periglischrus Kolenati, 1857 are associated exclusively with bats of the family Phyllostomidae. We tested the hypothesis that a long-term evolutionary association led P. iheringi to choose very specific wing locations to infest the great fruit-eating bats, Artibeus lituratus. Seven anatomical wing regions and the uropatagium from 140 bats were analyzed and a total of 78 parasites were collected. Periglischrus iheringi had a significant preference for the plagiopatagium and dactylopatgium major wing regions (i.e., large, proximal regions) and infestation was directly correlated to area (r=0.9744). However, other factors may also influence mite choice, such as higher and more stable temperature and humidity, vascularization and lower risk of displacement.Infection by <i>Henneguya</i> sp. (Myxozoa) in the bone tissue of the gill filaments of the Amazonian catfish <i>Hypophthalmus marginatus</i> (Siluriformes)10.1590/S1984-296120150212023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZVelasco, MicheleVideira, MarcelaSindeaux-Neto, José LedamirSantos, Patrícia dosSanches, OsimarMatos, PatríciaMatos, Edilson
<em>Velasco, Michele</em>;
<em>Videira, Marcela</em>;
<em>Sindeaux-Neto, José Ledamir</em>;
<em>Santos, Patrícia Dos</em>;
<em>Sanches, Osimar</em>;
<em>Matos, Patrícia</em>;
<em>Matos, Edilson</em>;
<br/><br/>
This study describes aspects of the infection caused by the myxosporean genus Henneguya, which forms cysts in the bony portion of the gill filaments of Hypophthalmusmarginatus. Specimens of this catfish were acquired dead from artisanal fishermen near the town of Cametá, state of Pará, northern Brazil, between July 2011 and May 2012. They were transported in refrigerated containers to the Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia, in Belém, where analyses were performed. After confirmation of parasitism by the genus Henneguya, observation were made using optical and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The histological technique of embedment in paraffin was used. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was applied to the histological sections. Necropsy analyses on specimens of H. marginatus showed that 80% of them (40/50) had cysts of whitish coloration inside the bony portion of the gill filaments, filled with Henneguya spores. The present study found inflammatory infiltrate in the vicinity of the cysts. Furthermore, the special Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique made it possible to mark the Henneguya sp. cysts in the bone tissue and in spore isolates in the gill tissue structure. The descriptions of these histopathological findings show that this parasite is very invasive and causes damage to its host tissues.Occurrences of <i>Oestrus ovis</i> parasitism in necropsied sheep in the Umuarama microregion, Paraná, Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120150442023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZCarvalho, Rafael SilveiraRuivo, Maycon AraújoColli, Marcos Henrique AlcantaraPereira, ValdomiroMartinez, Antônio CampanhaMazzucatto, Barbara CristinaCruz, Breno CayeiroMaciel, Willian GiquelinFelippelli, GustavoTeixeira, Weslen Fabricio PiresSoares, Vando EdésioCosta, Alvimar José daLopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti
<em>Carvalho, Rafael Silveira</em>;
<em>Ruivo, Maycon Araújo</em>;
<em>Colli, Marcos Henrique Alcantara</em>;
<em>Pereira, Valdomiro</em>;
<em>Martinez, Antônio Campanha</em>;
<em>Mazzucatto, Barbara Cristina</em>;
<em>Cruz, Breno Cayeiro</em>;
<em>Maciel, Willian Giquelin</em>;
<em>Felippelli, Gustavo</em>;
<em>Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires</em>;
<em>Soares, Vando Edésio</em>;
<em>Costa, Alvimar José Da</em>;
<em>Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti</em>;
<br/><br/>
Between January 2007 and September 2013, 71 sheep belonging to 12 farms in the Umuarama microregion, State of Paraná, were evaluated regarding presence of Oestrus ovis larvae, during necropsies. The farms from which these animals originated were visited and the owners and employees were interviewed. Occurrences of O. ovis parasitism in sheep were diagnosed for the first time on this microregion. Of the 71 animals, 12 (16.9%) were parasitized by O. ovis, with mean intensity of 2.25 larvae per infested head (1 to 8 larvae/infested head). There was a high correlation (0.81, p=0.0346) between the number of larvae and the macroscopic lesions observed in these animals’ nasal cavities, such that sheep with more than 3 larvae may contain mucupurulent secretions or epistaxis. From the interviews conducted, it was found that all the farm owners were applying chemical parasite control methods (helminths and/or O. ovis), administered to all animals in the herds every 30 days (91.6% of the producers), using derivatives of macrocyclic lactones and/or benzimidazoles/imidazothiazoles. Further studies need to be conducted in this particular region, in an attempt to elucidate the prevalence of O. ovis parasitism in herds.<i>Ascaris suum</i> in pigs of the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120150472023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZFausto, Mariana CostaOliveira, Isabela de CastroFausto, Guilherme CostaCarvalho, Lorendane Millena deValente, Fabrício LucianiCampos, Artur KanadaniAraújo, Jackson Victor de
<em>Fausto, Mariana Costa</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Isabela De Castro</em>;
<em>Fausto, Guilherme Costa</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Lorendane Millena De</em>;
<em>Valente, Fabrício Luciani</em>;
<em>Campos, Artur Kanadani</em>;
<em>Araújo, Jackson Victor De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Among the parasites that affect pigs, Ascaris suum stands out for causing the greatest losses to livestock production systems. This parasite can be monitored during the slaughter of animals through the identification of “milk spots” or white patches on the liver caused by its larval migration. However, infection in the herd is usually subclinical, which is why the presence of this parasite in industrial pig production has been overlooked. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of milk spots on the liver of animals slaughtered in the micro-region of Ponte Nova in the Zona da Mata - Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to associate these lesions with the time of year, herd size and source of origin of the animals. An evaluation was made of 1,069 lots, totaling 108,073 animals, based on data extracted from the Federal Inspection Service. The animals were slaughtered during the period of January 2011 to June 2013. Out of the total number of slaughtered animals, 10,535 (9.75%) tested positive for these lesions. Therefore, veterinarians and producers should be warned about the inefficiency of the deworming protocols that are used, and the need to develop and/or review control strategies for this parasite in production systems.<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> antibodies in wild rodents and marsupials from the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120150452023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZGennari, Solange MariaOgrzewalska, Maria HalinaSoares, Herbert SousaSaraiva, Danilo GonçalvesPinter, AdrianoNieri-Bastos, Fernanda AparecidaLabruna, Marcelo BahiaSzabó, Matias Pablo JuanDubey, Jitender Prakash
<em>Gennari, Solange Maria</em>;
<em>Ogrzewalska, Maria Halina</em>;
<em>Soares, Herbert Sousa</em>;
<em>Saraiva, Danilo Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Pinter, Adriano</em>;
<em>Nieri-Bastos, Fernanda Aparecida</em>;
<em>Labruna, Marcelo Bahia</em>;
<em>Szabó, Matias Pablo Juan</em>;
<em>Dubey, Jitender Prakash</em>;
<br/><br/>
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects a large spectrum of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Small rodents and marsupials play an important role in the epidemiology of T. gondii because they are sources of infection for domestic and feral cats. Serum samples from 151 rodents and 48 marsupials, captured in the Atlantic Forest, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, were analyzed for the presence of T. gondii antibodies. Antibodies detected by the modified agglutination test (MAT ≥ 25) were found in 8.6% (13/151) of the rodents and 10.4% (5/48) of the marsupials, with titers ranging from 25 to 6400 and from 25 to 3200, respectively for the rodents and marsupials. Three of the eight species of rodents (Akodon spp., Oligoryzomys nigripesand Rattus norvegicus), and one from the four marsupial species (Didelphis aurita) presented positive animals. T. gondii was described for the first time in the rodent Oligoryzomys nigripes.Prevalence and risk factors for <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in sheep in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120150432023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZCorreia, Érico Luís de BarrosFeitosa, Thais FerreiraSantos, Fabrine Alexandre dosAzevedo, Sérgio Santos dePena, Hilda Fátima de JesusGennari, Solange MariaMota, Rinaldo AparecidoAlves, Clebert José
<em>Correia, Érico Luís De Barros</em>;
<em>Feitosa, Thais Ferreira</em>;
<em>Santos, Fabrine Alexandre Dos</em>;
<em>Azevedo, Sérgio Santos De</em>;
<em>Pena, Hilda Fátima De Jesus</em>;
<em>Gennari, Solange Maria</em>;
<em>Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido</em>;
<em>Alves, Clebert José</em>;
<br/><br/>
The aims of this survey were to determine the flock-level and animal-level prevalences of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 540 sheep in 63 flocks in 14 municipalities in the Sertão mesoregion. To serologically diagnose T. gondiiinfection, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used. Flocks with at least one seropositive animal were considered positive. Among the 63 flocks, 28 (44.44%) were positive, and 60 (11.11%) of the 540 animals were seropositive. Variable flock size > 25 animals was identified as a risk factor (odds ratio = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.09 – 9.34; P = 0.033). The results from this survey demonstrate that T. gondii is spread among sheep in the State of Paraíba.