Revista Caatingahttps://www.scielo.br/feed/rcaat/2018.v31n2/2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000ZVol. 31 No. 2 - 2018WerkzeugDRY MATTER DECOMPOSITION OF COVER CROPS IN A NO-TILLAGE COTTON SYSTEM10.1590/1983-21252018v31n201rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSILVA FILHO, JOÃO LUÍS DABORIN, ANA LUÍZA DIAS COELHOFERREIRA, ALEXANDRE CUNHA DE BARCELLOS
<em>Silva Filho, João Luís Da</em>;
<em>Borin, Ana Luíza Dias Coelho</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Alexandre Cunha De Barcellos</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT No-tillage cotton systems require soil coverage with cover crop residue for a longer time due to the late cycle of cotton. However, decomposition rates may vary between cover crops, and the adjustment of models to describe it is critical to no-tillage cotton management. Two non-linear regression models, exponential (EM) and Michaelis-Menten (MM), were adjusted to dry matter decomposition of cover crops in a cotton no-tillage system, in Brazil. Three field trials were performed in 2012 for the cover crops Urochloa ruziziensis (brachiaria), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), and Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea). Samples of cover crop were collected at 20, 50, 70, 110, 140, and 170 days after sowing upland cotton to measure dry matter decomposition. MM showed better adjustment than EM for all cover crops. The estimations of half-life parameters were different between the cover crops, suggesting that each cover crop has its own rate of decomposition. For pearl millet, brachiaria, and pigeon pea, the half-life estimation by exponential model was over the MM in 9, 12, and 12 days.GENETIC GAINS AND SELECTION ADVANCES OF THE UENF-14 POPCORN POPULATION10.1590/1983-21252018v31n202rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZGUIMARÃES, AMANDA GONÇALVESAMARAL JÚNIOR, ANTÔNIO TEIXEIRA DOLIMA, VALTER JÁRIO DELEITE, JHEAN TORRESSCAPIM, CARLOS ALBERTOVIVAS, MARCELO
<em>Guimarães, Amanda Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Amaral Júnior, Antônio Teixeira Do</em>;
<em>Lima, Valter Jário De</em>;
<em>Leite, Jhean Torres</em>;
<em>Scapim, Carlos Alberto</em>;
<em>Vivas, Marcelo</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Recurrent selection can generate successive gains for characters of economic interest without causing genetic narrowing in the population. However, it has rarely been used in breeding programs in popcorn, especially when using full-sibling progenies to generate more expressive gains. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic gain of the UENF-14 popcorn population through recurrent selection, and verify the evolution of the gains between the selection cycles four and eight. A total of 200 full-sibling progenies were evaluated in randomized blocks arranged in eight sets within three replicates in two environments; each set containing twenty-five progenies and six controls (selection cycles 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the UENF-14, BRS-Angela and IAC-125). The average height, prolificacy, 100-grain weight, ear weight, grain yield, and grain popping expansion of the plants were evaluated. In the selection of the thirty superior progenies for the eighth cycle, the Mulamba and Mock selection index was used, which generated estimated genetic gains of 4.60 for grain yield and 3.61% for popping expansion. The grain yield increased 111.99 kg ha-1 and the popping expansion increased 1.75 mL g-1 per cycle. The evolution of the cycles resulted in an accumulated genetic gain for the main characters of economic importance, allowing the prediction of success in the continuity of the recurrent selection.SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND CORN PRODUCTIVITY GROWN ON LEGUME STUBBLE IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS10.1590/1983-21252018v31n203rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZCOLLIER, LEONARDO SANTOSARRUDA, EVERTON MARTINSCAMPOS, LUIZ FERNANDES CARDOSONUNES, JOSÉ NILTON VIEIRA
<em>Collier, Leonardo Santos</em>;
<em>Arruda, Everton Martins</em>;
<em>Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso</em>;
<em>Nunes, José Nilton Vieira</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Leguminous species can improve nutrient cycling and chemical quality of Oxisols, resulting in higher productivity of intercropped crops. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the decomposition rate and nutrient accumulation in legume stubble, as well as its contribution to soil chemical attributes, the growth of baru trees (Dipteryx alata Vogel), and yield of intercropped maize in an agroforestry system. The experiment was developed during the crop years of 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, in Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replicates. Leguminous species consisted of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes (Stylosanthes macrocephala - 20% and Stylosanthes capitata - 80%), and spontaneous vegetation (control treatment). The decomposition rates of legume and spontaneous vegetation residues remained unchanged in the agroforestry system. Sunn hemp, jack bean, and Stylosanthes plants are advantageous options for total accumulation of nutrients. However, sunn hemp grown as straw cover for next crop seasons increases the available phosphorus levels in the soil and productivity of maize cobs. With this coverage, maize productivity values were up to 24% higher than were those with maize growing on spontaneous vegetation, besides having no effect on the growth of baru trees.POST-HARVEST STORAGE OF PAPAYA FRUITS COATED WITH EXTRACTS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF NEEM10.1590/1983-21252018v31n204rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZFREITAS, RAIMUNDA VALDENICE DA SILVASOUZA, PAHLEVI AUGUSTO DEFERREIRA SENHOR, ROSEMBERGMOURA, CARLOS FARLEY HERBSTERCOSTA, FRANCISCLEUDO BEZERRA DA
<em>Freitas, Raimunda Valdenice Da Silva</em>;
<em>Souza, Pahlevi Augusto De</em>;
<em>Ferreira Senhor, Rosemberg</em>;
<em>Moura, Carlos Farley Herbster</em>;
<em>Costa, Franciscleudo Bezerra Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the use of extracts of leaves and fruits of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) as coating for papaya Formosa fruits aiming to maintain their quality during post-harvest storage. A completely randomized experimental design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement was used, with 3 replications of 2 papaya fruits per plot. The treatments consisted of five coatings with extracts of neem leaves and fruits (leaf extracts at 5 and 10%, fruit extracts at 5 and 10% and a control treatment without coating) and five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) under mean temperature of 30.4 °C and relative humidity of 42%. The fruit weight loss, external appearance, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and soluble solids were evaluated, and the fungi species on the fruit surface of each storage were identified and quantified. The treatments with extract of neem leaves and fruits at 5% had papaya fruits with best external quality and provided best control of growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Regarding external appearance, papaya fruits coated with extracts of neem leaves and fruits at 5% had a shelf life of 12 days, while those coated with extracts at 10% had a shelf life of 9 days.FRUIT YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SWEET PEPPER GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEM10.1590/1983-21252018v31n205rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZLIMA, NADIELAN DA SILVASILVA, ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA EMENEZES, DIMASCAMARA, TEREZINHA RANGELWILLADINO, LILIA GOMES
<em>Lima, Nadielan Da Silva</em>;
<em>Silva, Ênio Farias De França E</em>;
<em>Menezes, Dimas</em>;
<em>Camara, Terezinha Rangel</em>;
<em>Willadino, Lilia Gomes</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Irrigation with brackish water is common in the semiarid region of the Brazilian Northeast, potentiating the process of salinization of the soil in these areas. The hydroponic system stands out as an important strategy for crop management in semiarid regions, since crops show greater tolerance to the salt stress under hydroponic conditions, which minimize the effects of soil salinization. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on the growth, fruit yield and mineral nutrition of sweet pepper in hydroponic system, using brackish water and coconut fiber substrate. The experiment was conducted in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil (8°3'15''S, 34°52'53''W). A randomized block experimental design in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with five replications was used, consisting of five water salinity levels of the nutrient solution (2.0; 3.5; 4.5; 5.5 and 6.5 dS m-1) and two sweet pepper cultivars (Bruno and Rubia). The increasing salinity level of the nutrient solution decreased the fruit yield of the cultivars evaluated, reduced the potassium, phosphorus and sulfur, and increased the sodium and chlorine contents in the leaf tissues. The Ca contents of the cultivar Bruno decreased with increasing salinity, and increased in the cultivar Rubia. The cultivar Rubia stood out with the highest fruit yield and ionic selectivity, accumulating high amounts of potassium and calcium and maintaining low Na and Cl contents. The fruit yield of the cultivar Rubia (39.9 t ha-1) grown under solution with electrical conductivity of up to 3.5 dS m-1, denotes the potential viability of growing this cultivar under hydroponic conditions.GAS EXCHANGE AND PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY IN LIMA BEAN GENOTYPES GROWN IN COMPACTED SOILS10.1590/1983-21252018v31n206rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSOUZA, RENATO FRANCISCO DA SILVASANTOS, DJAILPEREIRA, WALTER ESFRAINMACEDO, FABRÍCIO LOPES DEVENDRUSCOLO, JHONY
<em>Souza, Renato Francisco Da Silva</em>;
<em>Santos, Djail</em>;
<em>Pereira, Walter Esfrain</em>;
<em>Macedo, Fabrício Lopes De</em>;
<em>Vendruscolo, Jhony</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The effects of soil compaction on crop growth and productivity have been well studied in recent years, however, studies on the physiological responses of crops to compaction are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil compaction on gas exchange, and photochemical efficiency of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) genotypes of different growth habits. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 3×4 factorial arrangement, with three lima bean genotypes (Branca-Pequena, Orelha-de-Vó and Roxinha) and four compaction levels (soil densities of 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 g cm-3), with four replications. The following variables were evaluated at 38 days after sowing: photosynthetic rate (A), leaf transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (iCE) and photochemical efficiency (Fo, Fm, Fv and Fv/Fm). The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability by the F test. The genotypes showed a reduction in the photosynthetic rate with increasing soil compaction. The soil compaction affected the photochemical efficiency of the genotype Orelha-de-Vó, with the Fm and Fv fitting to the linear model, and the Fv/Fm fitting to the quadratic model. The genotype Orelha-de-Vó had the highest rate of E and gs at the soil densities of 1.24 and 1.29 g cm-3, respectively. Regarding the photosynthetic rate, the genotype Roxinha is more efficient than Branca-Pequena at the soil density of 1.7 g cm -3.Bioprospection and genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with cassava plant10.1590/1983-21252018v31n207rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZLEITE, MARIA CAMILA DE BARROS SILVAPEREIRA, ARTHUR PRUDÊNCIO DE ARAUJOSOUZA, ADIJAILTON JOSÉ DEANDREOTE, FERNANDO DINIFREIRE, FERNANDO JOSÉSOBRAL, JÚLIA KUKLINSKY
<em>Leite, Maria Camila De Barros Silva</em>;
<em>Pereira, Arthur Prudêncio De Araujo</em>;
<em>Souza, Adijailton José De</em>;
<em>Andreote, Fernando Dini</em>;
<em>Freire, Fernando José</em>;
<em>Sobral, Júlia Kuklinsky</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Cassava is mostly planted in sandy soils which are usually of low fertility, thereby making it necessary to perform beneficial associations with microorganisms that can promote their growth. In this perspective, the possibility of selecting bacterial isolates efficient in promoting the growth of the culture is evident, which can provide subsidies for future inoculants. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, select and evaluate the genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria in roots and stems of cassava grown in Garanhuns - PE, with features involved in promoting plant growth. The isolation was performed on culture medium semisolid LGI-P. The selected isolates were evaluated for the potential to fix N2, as the ability to produce indole acetic acid, for their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce exopolysaccharides. Some bacterial isolates had their 16S rRNA gene sequenced by the Sanger method. A total of 52 endophytic bacteria isolates were obtained from cassava. Regarding the potential to fix N2, 15% of the isolates were positive. As for the production of IAA, 78% of the isolates produced this phytohormone in a medium with increased L-tryptophan. Approximately 31% of the isolates were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate and 60% had exopolysaccharide. The identification of 19 isolates allowed the grouping into six bacterial genera, namely: Achromobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Pantoea and Pseudomonas. Cassava plants grown in Garanhuns - PE present interaction with different groups of endophytic bacteria and there are bacterial groups with several characteristics involved in promoting plant growth.GYPSUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN IMPROVING BIOMETRIC AND NUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOYBEAN/SECOND SEASON CORN SUCCESSION10.1590/1983-21252018v31n208rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSOARES, GUILHERME FILGUEIRASCRUZ, SIMÉRIO CARLOS SILVADUARTE, TIAGO CAMILOMACHADO, CARLA GOMESDE SENA JUNIOR, DARLY GERALDO
<em>Soares, Guilherme Filgueiras</em>;
<em>Cruz, Simério Carlos Silva</em>;
<em>Duarte, Tiago Camilo</em>;
<em>Machado, Carla Gomes</em>;
<em>De Sena Junior, Darly Geraldo</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The objective with this work was to evaluate the effect of the agricultural gypsum, associated with phosphate fertilization, on the nutrition, development and yield of soybean and corn in succession, under no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in a randomized blocks design 5x3 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The first factor consisted of the gypsum doses (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1) and the second the phosphorus doses (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose). Leaf nutrient contents, leaf area index, SPAD index, dry plant mass, final plant population, one thousand grain mass and grain yield were evaluated in the crops. In the soybean, the number of pods was also obtained and in the corn the average ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grain per ear and number of ears. Phosphorus doses increase leaf Mg contents in soybean and corn. The application of gypsum reduces the Mg and K leaf contents and increases the Ca, S, and Mn contents in the two cultures. Gypsum provides increases in the SPAD index in soybean plants. The unbalance of the N / K ratio in corn leaves, provided by the increase of the gypsum doses, reduces the leaf area of this crop. Doses of P and gypsum do not influence the yield of soybeans and maize.THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF CITRUS FRUITS GRAFTED ONTO ROOTSTOCKS IN THE LOW-MIDDLE REGION OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER BASIN10.1590/1983-21252018v31n209rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZNASCIMENTO, FÁDIA SAMARA SANTOSRIBEIRO, VALTEMIR GONÇALVESBASTOS, DÉBORA COSTASÁ, JUCIENY FERREIRA DENASCIMENTO, PEDRO HENRIQUE DIAS
<em>Nascimento, Fádia Samara Santos</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Valtemir Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Bastos, Débora Costa</em>;
<em>Sá, Jucieny Ferreira De</em>;
<em>Nascimento, Pedro Henrique Dias</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT To understand the production cycle of a particular cultivar in a given region, it is necessary to obtain information related to its phenology and the accumulated degree days. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenological cycle of citrus species grafted onto two rootstocks and grown in the Low-Middle Region of the São Francisco River Basin, in particular with respect to accumulated degree days. The experiment was conducted using ‘Rubi’ and ‘Pera D-12’ oranges and ‘Page’ mandarins. Two rootstocks were used, namely ‘Cravo’ and ‘Volkameriano’ lemon species that were drip irrigated in the Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, an experimental field owned by Embrapa Semiárido. ‘Page’ mandarins with ‘Cravo’ or ‘Volkameriano’ rootstocks exhibited a subperiod (0-10) of 183.32 and 181.24 days, respectively. Meanwhile, ‘Pera D-12’ and ‘Rubi’ oranges with ‘Cravo’ rootstocks had values of 249.57 and 178.58 days, respectively, while those with ‘Volkameriano’ rootstocks had values of 226.35 and 200.41 days, respectively. The accumulated degree days were measured from the initial sprouting to harvesting, which took place when the fruits presented a soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio equal to or greater than 12. ‘Page’ mandarins required 2,720 degree days, whereas ‘Pera D-12’ and ‘Rubi’ oranges required approximately 3,390 and 2,280 degree days, respectively. Finally, ‘Pera D-12’ and ‘Rubi’ oranges with either rootstock presented cycles characterized as mid-season and precocious, respectively, while ‘Page’ mandarins had precocious cycles.NITROGEN RATES AND SIDE-DRESSING TIMING ON SWEET CORN SEED PRODUCTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL10.1590/1983-21252018v31n210rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZZUCARELI, CLAUDEMIRBAZZO, JOSÉ HENRIQUE BIZZARRISILVA, JOSEMEYRE BONIFÁCIOCOSTA, DENIS SANTIAGOFONSECA, INÊS CRISTINA BATISTA
<em>Zucareli, Claudemir</em>;
<em>Bazzo, José Henrique Bizzarri</em>;
<em>Silva, Josemeyre Bonifácio</em>;
<em>Costa, Denis Santiago</em>;
<em>Fonseca, Inês Cristina Batista</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Sweet corn is an important crop because of its seeds with high total sugar and low starch contents. As common corn, this group requires an adequate amount of nitrogen to reach high yields. However, the studies on nitrogen and sweet corn are performed for ear yield instead of seed yield. As seeds are the main propagation method for this species, we proposed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates as side-dressing at different plant stages of a sweet corn seed production. Sweet corn seeds (variety BR 400) were sown in Latosol (Oxisol), and a 3×2+1 factorial scheme was designed with three nitrogen rates (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at two plant stages (V6 and R1) plus the control (no nitrogen side-dressing). The evaluated variables were seed yield, protein content, P and Zn contents, germination, and vigor rates. We concluded that nitrogen applied at a rate of 120 kg ha-1 at V6 increases seed yield and maintains unaltered the protein content in seeds of sweet corn (BR 400 variety). Neither germination nor seed vigor increases when nitrogen rates are increased or administered at different stages of plant development. We also noted a slight decrease in P content or an increase in Zn content of seeds at low nitrogen rates; however, they are insufficient to promote changes in the physiological potential of sweet corn seeds.SENSITIVITY OF SWEET POTATO GENOTYPES TO CLOMAZONE AND WEED INTERFERENCE10.1590/1983-21252018v31n211rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSANTOS, EDSON APARECIDO DOSANDRADE JÚNIOR, VALTER CARVALHO DEVIANA, DANIEL JOSÉ SILVASANTOS, ALBERTIR APARECIDO DOSSILVA, ANTÔNIO JULIO MEDINA DAFIALHO, CÍNTIA MARIA TEIXEIRA
<em>Santos, Edson Aparecido Dos</em>;
<em>Andrade Júnior, Valter Carvalho De</em>;
<em>Viana, Daniel José Silva</em>;
<em>Santos, Albertir Aparecido Dos</em>;
<em>Silva, Antônio Julio Medina Da</em>;
<em>Fialho, Cíntia Maria Teixeira</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Sweet potato is a promising crop in Brazil due to its potential for bioenergy production. However, little information on adequate chemical weed control is found for this crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of clomazone on 20 genotypes of sweet potato and the sensitivity of these materials to weed interference. A field experiment was conducted using an experimental design with four blocks arranged in split-plots. The sweet potato genotypes Brazlândia-Branca, Cariru-Vermelha, Princesa, Tomba-Carro-1 and UFVJM (01, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 14, 23, 26, 30, 35, 42, 43, 46, 48 and 49) were grown for 180 days under three weed managements (soils treated with clomazone, mechanically weeded and with no weed control). The plots consisted of the weed control methods and the subplots consisted of the sweet potato genotypes. Phytotoxicity, branch growth and yield were evaluated. Plants grown with no weed interference had larger branch length. The highest yields were found in clomazone-treated soils. Weed interference reduced 81 to 99.7% of the yield. The less susceptible genotypes to weed interference were UFVJM07, UFVJM10 and UFVJM35, and the most sensitive were Princesa and UFVJM01. The root yield of plants under chemical weed control was similar to or greater than those with mechanical weed control in 17 of the 20 genotypes evaluated.<i>ACCUMULATION POTENTIAL AND NUTRIENT CYCLING OF APPLE OF PERU</i> (<i>Nicandra physalodes</i>)10.1590/1983-21252018v31n212rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZMATOS, CHRISTIANO DA CONCEIÇÃO DEGANDINI, ELIZZANDRA MARTA MARTINSSILVA, EULÁLIA APARECIDASANTOS, JOSÉ BARBOSA DOSFERREIRA, EVANDER ALVES
<em>Matos, Christiano Da Conceição De</em>;
<em>Gandini, Elizzandra Marta Martins</em>;
<em>Silva, Eulália Aparecida</em>;
<em>Santos, José Barbosa Dos</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Evander Alves</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Weed residues can influence nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. Quantifying this potential nutrient source may influence weed control and fertilisation practices. Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. is a weed with a short life cycle and a great ability to accumulate dry matter. Field observations suggest that N. physaloides residues are easily decomposed in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing of N, P and K doses on the growth of N. physalodes, as well as the nutrient content, chemical characteristics and C/N ratio of the weed. A randomised block design, arranged in split-plot with three replications, was utilised. The main plots were given four doses of NPK (Dose 1 - 0, 0.3 and 17.2 mg dm-3; Dose 2 - 30, 450.3 and 75.4 mg dm-3; Dose 3 - 60, 900.3 and 133.4 mg dm-3; and Dose 4 - 120, 1800.3 and 249.68 mg dm-3), and the subplots were harvested at ten time points after emergence (26, 33, 40, 47, 54, 61, 76, 91, 106 and 121 days). Higher dry matter production and N, P and K content were observed in plants grown on higher levels of fertiliser. The increase of N, P and K levels in the soil resulted in greater total accumulation of these macronutrients. The highest macronutrient contents were K and N. The treatments did not affect neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and C/N ratio of plant. N. physalodes had low C/N ratio, low NDF and ADF levels, and great nutrient accumulation, suggesting that this plant is quickly decomposed, providing a rapid cycling of nutrients.AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACOVAN ORGANIC BANANA IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE AÇU-RN VALLEY10.1590/1983-21252018v31n213rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZARAÚJO, JÚLIO JUSTINO DEMENDONÇA, VANDERPEREIRA, MARIA FRANCISCA SOARESSOUZA, MATHEUS DE FREITAS
<em>Araújo, Júlio Justino De</em>;
<em>Mendonça, Vander</em>;
<em>Pereira, Maria Francisca Soares</em>;
<em>Souza, Matheus De Freitas</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The banana tree is grown in an extensive tropical region throughout the world, usually by small producers. The present work had the objective of evaluating irrigation systems in banana production in the Açu-RN Valley, aiming at alternatives so that they can be recommended to farmers in the Açu Valley region. The experiment was carried out in the area of the School Farm of the IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu, located in the municipality of Ipanguaçu-RN. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots and eight replications. The irrigation systems were: irrigation, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler and alternative irrigation. The plots were composed of eight useful plants with spacing in double rows 4 x 2 x 2 m. Eight characteristics related to production were evaluated: bunch mass (MC); number of leaves (NP); number of fruits per cluster (NFC); mean mass of the leaves (MMP); diameter of the fruit of the second seed (DF2P); length of the fruit of the second seed (CF2P); mean fruit mass (MMF); productivity (Prod). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the first cycle of production the sprinkler irrigation system was the one that presented better results the productivity of the Pacovan banana tree; in the 3rd cycle the alternative irrigation system was the one that showed better results the productivity of the banana tree; where the electrical conductivity correlated with the sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water, contributed to a moderate limitation of use.POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ONION PRODUCTION10.1590/1983-21252018v31n214rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZMARROCOS, SAULO DE TÁRCIOGRANGEIRO, LEILSON COSTASOUSA, VALDÍVIA DE FÁTIMA LIMA DERIBEIRO, RAYANNE MARIA PAULACORDEIRO, CARLOS JARDEL
<em>Marrocos, Saulo De Tárcio</em>;
<em>Grangeiro, Leilson Costa</em>;
<em>Sousa, Valdívia De Fátima Lima De</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Rayanne Maria Paula</em>;
<em>Cordeiro, Carlos Jardel</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Information about the response of onion to different potassium doses may contribute to optimizing the use of fertilizers and, consequently, make the activity more profitable and environmentally sustainable. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of doses of potassium on onion yields. Two field experiments were carried out in the periods of September to December 2012 and April to July 2013. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments corresponded to the potassium doses (0, 36, 72, 108, 144 and 180 kg ha-1 of K2O). Potassium fertilization promoted an increase in the content of K in the leaf, commercial and total yield, with the maximum obtained in the dose of 180 kg ha-1 of K2O. The maximum overall and commercial yields were respectively 54.69 and 54.12 t ha-1 in the experiment of September to December 2012 and 47.39 and 46.39 t ha-1 in that of April to July 2013.DRY FOREST DEFORESTATION DYNAMICS IN BRAZIL’S PONTAL BASIN10.1590/1983-21252018v31n215rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZMIRANDA, RODRIGO DE QUEIROGAGALVÍNCIO, JOSICLÊDA DOMICIANOMORAIS, YGOR CRISTIANO BRITOMOURA, MAGNA SOELMA BESERRA DEJONES, CHARLES ALLANSRINIVASAN, RAGHAVAN
<em>Miranda, Rodrigo De Queiroga</em>;
<em>Galvíncio, Josiclêda Domiciano</em>;
<em>Morais, Ygor Cristiano Brito</em>;
<em>Moura, Magna Soelma Beserra De</em>;
<em>Jones, Charles Allan</em>;
<em>Srinivasan, Raghavan</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Reliable information on vegetation cover and its dynamics over time is essential for managing life, resources, and supporting policies. Although many related initiatives have been undertaken in Brazil since the 1980s, knowledge about its dry forests is still limited. In this study, we address the drivers of deforestation and their threat to the Brazilian dry forest called Caatinga. We evaluated the land cover dynamics and landscape metrics in the watershed of the Pontal River, as it has become one of the most socially and environmentally important areas in Brazil. The overall process consists of a systematic sampling grid of hydrological samples, where Landsat images (1975 to 2013) combined with the FRAGSTATS package were used to evaluate landscape metrics indices for the Caatinga. Data showed that the relative area (RA) decreased from 90.25% to 60.98% over the 38-year period, while fragmentation (PD) presented an increasing bias. In addition, the spatial distribution of both indices became more heterogeneous and clustered in the north. We suggest that appropriateness of land for farming was the leading cause of deforestation; rainfall is 112% more intense in the north of the watershed than in the south. Therefore, the northern fauna and flora have been significantly altered and reduced. The relationship between deforestation and time shows an increasing threat. Further studies evaluating these causes are needed to improve our understanding of the vegetation dynamics in this region.ENERGY DENSITY MODEL FOR FOREST SPECIES FROM CERRADO10.1590/1983-21252018v31n216rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSILVA, CARLOS JOSÉ DAVALE, AILTON TEIXEIRA DO
<em>Silva, Carlos José Da</em>;
<em>Vale, Ailton Teixeira Do</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Wood is the main source of energy in the energy matrix of underdeveloped countries, in addition to having a significant participation in developing countries, ranking fourth in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to determine a model for determining the energy density of forest species from the Cerrado. Samples of trunks and branches were collected from 34 forest species in an area of 10.15 ha located in the Cerrado region aiming for immediate analysis, i.e. the contents of ashes (ASH), volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), and higher calorific value (HCV). Data from dry and saturated mass were obtained in order to determine the basic density. The species presented values of VM ranging from 77 to 85.5%, ASH from 0 to 1%, FC from 14 to 23%, and HCV ranging from 18,282 to 20,121 GJ ton-1. A significant relationship was found between VM and FC (R2 = 0.9927) whereas no significant values were found between HCV and basic density. The average value of energy density considering the 34 species was 12,459 Mcal m-3. The estimated energy density of the area was 1,378,541 Mcal ha-1. The proposed model for calculating the energy density as a function of basic density favors energy surveys of areas to be explored since there is no need for calorific value analysis.SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES IN AREAS WITH STAGES AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST REGENERATION FROM CAATINGA10.1590/1983-21252018v31n217rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSILVA, ANDREZZA EMANUELLA OLIVEIRAMEDEIROS, ÉRIKA VALENTE DEINÁCIO, EUZELINA DOS SANTOS BORGESSALCEDO, IGNÁCIO HERNANAMORIM, LAERTE BEZERRA DE
<em>Silva, Andrezza Emanuella Oliveira</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Érika Valente De</em>;
<em>Inácio, Euzelina Dos Santos Borges</em>;
<em>Salcedo, Ignácio Hernan</em>;
<em>Amorim, Laerte Bezerra De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The tropical dry areas have suffered the most severe anthropic pressures. This factor motivates studies aimed at characterizing and monitoring the soil quality to determine the management measures to apply and to suggest appropriate recovery procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, urea and arylsulfatase in the superficial layers of soils in areas under different stages of forest regeneration, in Floresta-PE City.. Soil sampling was conducted at 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm layer in the following areas: C-18 (vegetation regeneration for 18 years), P-13 (13 years), L-12 (12 years), C-9 (9 years), C-7 (7 years) and G-4 (4 years). The analytical methods used in the study were based on the incubation of the soil samples with a buffered solution of substrate specific for each enzyme. The methods were based on colorimetric determinations. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and urease represented sensitive measures for detecting changes in soil quality at various stages of regeneration in tropical dry forests. The area with the longest duration of forest regeneration (C-18) showed higher enzyme activities. The soil enzymatic activities respond to different stages and management of forest regeneration in Brazilian tropical dry areas, namely Caatinga. The acid and alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase and urease increased with time of regeneration.EFFECT OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND SCARIFICATION ON THE GERMINATIVE CAPACITY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF <i>Myroxylon balsamum</i> (L.) HARMS10.1590/1983-21252018v31n218rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZLOAYZA-CABEZAS, SOPHIARODRIGUEZ-TREJO, DANTE ARTUROHERNÁNDEZ-ACOSTA, ELIZABETHSUÁREZ, JUAN ALMARÁZ
<em>Loayza-Cabezas, Sophia</em>;
<em>Rodriguez-Trejo, Dante Arturo</em>;
<em>Hernández-Acosta, Elizabeth</em>;
<em>Suárez, Juan Almaráz</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Myroxylon balsamum is a valuable tropical tree; besides the good quality of its timber it also provides valuable nontimber forest products: balsam and resin. High deforestation rates in the area of distribution and the unregulated extraction of its resin and wood have led M. balsamum to be endangered or threatened. Its regeneration through seeds has been poorly studied, and there are no reports of germination and plasticity under controlled conditions. We evaluated the effect of scarification (longitudinal cut of the fruit and embryo fully exposed) and environmental factors (different levels of light intensities and changing temperatures) on seed germination and the development of seedlings. From the aforementioned, M. balsamum seeds are orthodox and show physical dormancy. In view of these characteristics, M. balsamum can be managed efficiently to initiate conservation programs and restoration in degraded land.NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM IN SAFFLOWER: CHLOROPHYLL INDEX, BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY10.1590/1983-21252018v31n219rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZANICÉSIO, ELLEN CRISTINA ALVES DEBONFIM-SILVA, EDNA MARIASILVA, TONNY JOSÉ ARAÚJO DAPACHECO, ADRIANO BICIONI
<em>Anicésio, Ellen Cristina Alves De</em>;
<em>Bonfim-Silva, Edna Maria</em>;
<em>Silva, Tonny José Araújo Da</em>;
<em>Pacheco, Adriano Bicioni</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Safflower crops is usually intended for production of seeds to oil extraction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chlorophyll index, biometric characteristics and water use efficiency of safflower plants grown under different nitrogen and potassium rates and controlled soil water tension. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots containing 8 dm3 of a Oxisol. A complete randomized block experimental design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement was used, with four replications, consisting of five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mg dm-3) and five potassium rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3). The safflower number of leaves, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, number of capitula, shoot, root and total dry weights, water consumption and water use efficiency were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) at 5% of probability and to polynomial regression. The nitrogen and potassium fertilization, as independent factors, affected the safflower plants. The chlorophyll index, biometric characteristics and water use efficiency of safflower showed better responses under nitrogen rates of 82 to 168 mg dm-3. The responses of chlorophyll index, biometric characteristics and water use efficiency of safflower increased 10 to 60% with potassium fertilization.SPATIAL CONTINUITY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, SOIL WATER CONTENT AND TEXTURE ON A CULTIVATED AREA WITH CANE SUGAR10.1590/1983-21252018v31n220rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZSILVA, JUCICLÉIA SOARES DASILVA, ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA ESIQUEIRA, GLÉCIO MACHADOSILVA, GERÔNIMO FERREIRA DASOUZA, DIEGO HENRIQUE SILVA DE
<em>Silva, Jucicléia Soares Da</em>;
<em>Silva, Ênio Farias De França E</em>;
<em>Siqueira, Glécio Machado</em>;
<em>Silva, Gerônimo Ferreira Da</em>;
<em>Souza, Diego Henrique Silva De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Spatial variability of soil attributes affects crop development. Thus, information on its variability assists in soil and plant integrated management systems. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial variability of the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECse), water content in the soil (θ) and soil texture (clay, silt and sand) of a sugarcane crop area in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The study area had about 6.5 ha and its soil was classified as orthic Humiluvic Spodosol. Ninety soil samples were randomly collected and evaluated. The attributes assessed were soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measured by electromagnetic induction with vertical dipole (ECa-V) in the soil layer 0.0.4 and horizontal dipole (ECa-H) in the soil layer 0.0-1.5 m; and ECse, θ and texture in the soil layers 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m. Spatial variability of the ECa was affected by the area relief, and had no direct correlation with the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECse). The results showed overestimated mean frequency distribution, with means distant from the mode and median. The area relief affected the spatial variability maps of ECa-V, ECa-H, ECse and θ, however, the correlation matrix did not show a well-defined cause-and-effect relationship. Spatial variability of texture attributes (clay, site and sand) was high, presenting pure nugget effect.EFFECT OF SAMPLE RE-SATURATION ON SOIL-WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE10.1590/1983-21252018v31n221rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZNASCIMENTO, ÍCARO VASCONCELOS DOALENCAR, THIAGO LEITE DESANTOS, CARLOS LEVI ANASTÁCIO DOSASSIS JÚNIOR, RAIMUNDO NONATO DEMOTA, JAEDSON CLÁUDIO ANUNCIATO
<em>Nascimento, Ícaro Vasconcelos Do</em>;
<em>Alencar, Thiago Leite De</em>;
<em>Santos, Carlos Levi Anastácio Dos</em>;
<em>Assis Júnior, Raimundo Nonato De</em>;
<em>Mota, Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is an important tool for water management in irrigated agriculture. However, factors such as texture and structure of soils influence SWCC behavior. According to the literature, wetting and drying cycles alter SWCC. A similar process of re-saturation and drying occurs during SWCC obtainment under laboratory conditions. Based on the hypothesis that re-saturation process alters SWCC due to clay loss in the sample, this study aimed to obtain the SWCC, S index, and pore size distribution from samples submitted to re-saturation cycles, as well as from not re-saturated samples but under higher matric potentials (-2, -4, -6, -8, and -10 kPa). For this, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples, collected from the A (sandy texture) and Btg (sandy clay loam texture) horizons of a Argissolo Acizentado, were used. After obtaining SWCC, each air-dried soil sample was submitted to particle size and clay dispersed in water analyses to verify whether the soil lost clay. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two methods of SWCC constructing (with and without re-saturation) and eight replications. The re-saturation process generates a loss of clay in the sample, not causing significant changes in SWCC considering the assessed textural soil classes. In addition, sandy soil samples are more sensitive to changes in pore size distribution when submitted to re-saturation.USE OF <i>S</i>-INDEX AS A STRUCTURAL QUALITY INDICATOR FOR COMPACTED LATOSOLS CULTIVATED WITH MAIZE10.1590/1983-21252018v31n222rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZROSSETTI, KARINA DE VARESCENTURION, JOSÉ FREDERICO
<em>Rossetti, Karina De Vares</em>;
<em>Centurion, José Frederico</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT One way to prevent soil degradation is to monitor its structural quality through physical attributes and indicators. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify parameters that can be used together with the S-index to assess the soil structural quality of Latosols-Distrophic Red Latosol (DRL) and Eutroferric Red Latosol (ERL)-cultivated with maize after traffic-induced compaction by agricultural machinery. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in split-plots, with five treatments and four replications for each soil class. The treatments were: T0 = conventional tillage without additional compaction; T1, T2 and T3 = one pass of a 4, 7 and 10-Mg tractor, respectively; T4 = three passes of a 10-Mg tractor. The water retention curve, density, porosity and S-index of the soil layers 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m were evaluated. The DRL presented similar S-index (0.035 to 0.037) in the T0, T1 and T2, and these S-index were connected to soil macroporosity. Most S-index of the ERL were above 0.035, except for T4 due to its higher soil density. The S-index can be used as a complementary parameter for maize height and soil macroporosity to evaluate the structural quality of DRL.RESPONSE FUNCTION FOR THE S<sub>RELATIVE</sub> INDEX IN CAMBISOL TREATED WITH AND WITHOUT BOVINE LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER10.1590/1983-21252018v31n223rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZALENCAR, THIAGO LEITE DESOUSA, LUIS FELIPE RODRIGUES DE AQUINOCHAVES, ARILENE FRANKLINMOTA, JAEDSON CLÁUDIO ANUNCIATO
<em>Alencar, Thiago Leite De</em>;
<em>Sousa, Luis Felipe Rodrigues De Aquino</em>;
<em>Chaves, Arilene Franklin</em>;
<em>Mota, Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The present study aimed at assessing the influence of physical properties associated with soil structure on the Srelative index. Two soil conditions under Ficus carica L. cultivation were studied (with or without liquid bovine biofertilizer in the irrigation water), in the 0-0.1 m and 0-0.3 m layers. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from the above-mentioned layers and physical analyzes, pertinent to the study objective, were performed. The response function model was applied to verify how the soil independent physical variables influence on the Srelative index in the 0-0.1 m and 0-0.3 m layers, with 0 and 60% biofertilizer, being combined two to two. Once the response functions were known, the slopes of both functions were compared, being represented by the coefficients β11-β12 and β21-β22. This comparison enabled verifying whether there was an effect of the treatments on the response variable. In addition, the standard error of the difference between coefficients was calculated, and the Student's t-test applied. The method of multiple regression was also used to confirm the effect of the variables on the Srelative index for the 0-0.3 m layer in both treatments. Then, the variables with greater weight were selected by a backward elimination method to estimate the Srelative. The results showed that the Srelative index is strongly influenced by properties of the porous fraction, with total porosity and continuity of pores being of significant influence. Management with liquid bovine biofertilizer results in improvement in the soil structure, with effects measured by the Srelative index.NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF FORAGE CACTUS FERTIGATED WITH DOMESTIC SEWAGE EFFLUENT10.1590/1983-21252018v31n224rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZLEMOS, MARCÍRIO DEFERREIRA NETO, MIGUELMEDEIROS, JOSÉ FRANCISMAR DEDIAS, NILDO DA SILVASILVA, ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA ELIRA, RANIERE BARBOSA DE
<em>Lemos, Marcírio De</em>;
<em>Ferreira Neto, Miguel</em>;
<em>Medeiros, José Francismar De</em>;
<em>Dias, Nildo Da Silva</em>;
<em>Silva, Ênio Farias De França E</em>;
<em>Lira, Raniere Barbosa De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The northeastern semiarid region faces some of the droughts of the last centuries, resulting in serious reductions of agriculture yields. The water scarcity for agricultural requires rational use practices and reuse of water, such as use of domestic effluent sewage. Alternatively, the use of treated domestic sewage effluent utilizing for irrigation of forage species, such as the forage cactus, can be highlighted. In order to evaluate the effects of fertirrigation with treated sewage effluent on mineral nutrient composition of forage cactus (Opuntia Tuna L. Mill, Mexican elephant ear), an experiment was carried out utilizing a split plot 3 x (4 + 1) with a randomized complete block design randomized block and four replications, being three planting density (66,667.00, 52,282.00 and 33,333.00 plants ha-1) and two water sources associated with irrigation frequency of plates fixed on 3.5 mm per irrigation (Frequencies of 2.3 days with water tap and 7, 14 and 21 days with Sewage Effluent) and cactus cultivated in Rainfed agriculturerainfed (control). The analyze of the nutritional contents of cladodes indicated that there was a significant effect of the intervals from irrigation events only for Ca and Mg concentrations. The highest levels of Ca and Mg were found with the irrigation frequency of 2.3 using tap water. The macronutrients concentration in greater quantity by the forage cactus were N e, K followed by, Ca, Mg and P. The nutritional balance indicated excess of K and P and deficiency of N, Ca and Mg, in this order.USE OF TREATED SEWAGE AS WATER AND A NUTRITIONAL SOURCE FOR BEAN CROPS10.1590/1983-21252018v31n225rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZFREITAS, CLEY ANDERSON SILVA DENASCIMENTO, JOSÉ ADEILSON MEDEIROS DOBEZERRA, FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMALIMA, RONNEY MENDES MAGALHÃES DE
<em>Freitas, Cley Anderson Silva De</em>;
<em>Nascimento, José Adeilson Medeiros Do</em>;
<em>Bezerra, Francisco Marcus Lima</em>;
<em>Lima, Ronney Mendes Magalhães De</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Considering the relevance of the reduction or replacement of fresh water supplies for irrigation, to mitigate the use of agricultural fertilizers and to improve sustainability, this study aimed to evaluate water and nutritional efficiency of treated sewage in cowpea plots. The experiment was conducted in the city of Tianguá-CE, on land belonging to the Water and Sewage Treatment Company of Ceará. It used a randomized block design for the arrangement of split plots. The plots contained two water sources (treated sewage and well water). The subplots contained four irrigation levels based on potential evapotranspiration (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of ETc) and the sub-subplots contained four nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) levels (0%, 33%, 66%, and 99% of the nutritional recommendations for cowpea cultivation). The yield variables, number of pods per plant, bean numbers per pod, and bean production, were improved with increased irrigation, regardless of the water source. Examining NPK levels in particular, yields differed depending on the water source. The use of treated domestic wastewater for bean irrigation can replace up to 100% of commercial fertilizers.PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL OF <i>Bacillus cereus</i> AGAINST <i>Vibrio</i> spp. IN POST-LARVAE SHRIMPS10.1590/1983-21252018v31n226rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZVIDAL, JULIANA MARIA ADERALDOPESSÔA, MAURÍCIO NOGUEIRA DA CRUZSANTOS, FERNANDO LEANDRO DOSMENDES, PAULO DE PAULAMENDES, MIKO SHINOZAKI
<em>Vidal, Juliana Maria Aderaldo</em>;
<em>Pessôa, Maurício Nogueira Da Cruz</em>;
<em>Santos, Fernando Leandro Dos</em>;
<em>Mendes, Paulo De Paula</em>;
<em>Mendes, Miko Shinozaki</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Bacillus spp. have been used against diseases caused by bacteria that affect cultured shrimp, providing beneficial effects on the host shrimps by altering their microbial community, and improving zootechnical indexes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a diet supplemented with Bacillus cereus-a bacterium with probiotic potential-on post-larvae Litopenaeus vannamei shrimps grown in laboratory. The experiment lasted for fifteen days and consisted of six treatments-control (T1), probiotic (T2), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) (T3), probiotic and VP (T4), V. alginolyticus (VA) (T5), and probiotic and VA (T6). The survival rate, weight gain, colonization capacity of the probiotic bacteria, pathogen count, and histopathological lesions were evaluated. There was no significant difference (p=0.05) in survival between treatments. The groups with pathogens and without probiotics presented lower weight gain. The result of the Bacillus cereus count in the treatments T2, T4 and T6 were significantly different (p<0.05), the probiotic bacteria were more aggressive in competing for space and nutrients when compared to V. parahaemolyticus than when compared to V. alginolyticus. Animals fed with the probiotic presented lower counts of these pathogens than those fed without the probiotic (p<0.05). No histopathological lesions were found in the organs and tissues of the shrimps. Bacillus cereus showed a high colonizing capacity in post-larvae shrimps, causing a significant reduction of pathogens, probably by secreting antimicrobial substances and the competitive exclusion, which justifies their use as probiotic bacteria.TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE YIELD OF GREEN GRAINS OF COWPEA FERTILIZED WITH ROOSTERTREE10.1590/1983-21252018v31n227rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZVIEIRA, FLAVIANA DE ANDRADEBEZERRA NETO, FRANCISCOSILVA, MAIELE LEANDRO DALIMA, JAILMA SUERDA SILVA DEBARROS JÚNIOR, AURÉLIO PAESSILVA, ITALO NUNES
<em>Vieira, Flaviana De Andrade</em>;
<em>Bezerra Neto, Francisco</em>;
<em>Silva, Maiele Leandro Da</em>;
<em>Lima, Jailma Suerda Silva De</em>;
<em>Barros Júnior, Aurélio Paes</em>;
<em>Silva, Italo Nunes</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the doses of maximum agronomic and economic efficiency as a function of different amounts of roostertree [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.] biomass added to the soil, that results in the maximum yield of green grains of cowpea in the semi-arid of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the “Rafael Fernandes” Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Alagoinha, RN, from August to November 2013. In the experiment was used a randomized completely block design with 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of 20, 35, 50, and 65 t ha-1 (on a dry matter basis) of roostertree biomass added to the soil. The evaluated characteristics were: number of green pods per m2, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and dry mass of green grains. The following economic indicators were determined: gross and net incomes, production operational costs, rate of return, and profit margin. The maximum agronomic efficiency of the yield of cowpea green grain was reached at the yield of 3.05 t ha-1, using 61.0 t ha-1 of roostertree biomass in the soil. The maximum economic efficiency yielded a net income of R$ 8,701.42, at the production of 3.02 t ha-1 green grains with 53.57 t ha-1 of roostertree biomass added to the soil. The use of roostertree as a green manure presents technical-economic feasibility in cowpea cultivation for green grains in the semi-arid conditions of Rio Grande do Norte.RECORD OF <i>Digonogastra</i> sp. (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING <i>Diatraea flavipennella</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN ALAGOAS, BRAZIL10.1590/1983-21252018v31n228rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZVALENTE, ELLEN CARINE NEVESBROGLIO, SÔNIA MARIA FORTIDIAS-PINI, NIVIA DA SILVALIMA, ANDRÉ SUÊLDO TAVARES DEMICHELETTI, LÍGIA BROGLIO
<em>Valente, Ellen Carine Neves</em>;
<em>Broglio, Sônia Maria Forti</em>;
<em>Dias-Pini, Nivia Da Silva</em>;
<em>Lima, André Suêldo Tavares De</em>;
<em>Micheletti, Lígia Broglio</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to document the heretofore unrecorded natural occurrence of the larval parasitoid Digonogastra sp. on Diatraea flavipennella Box, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane fields. The collections were made in the Usina Santa Clotilde area, in Rio Largo municipality, Alagoas State, Brazil. This is the first record of Digonogastra sp. parasitizing caterpillar of D. flavipennella in Brazil. The parasitism rate was found to be 14.06%. The occurrence of this parasitoid indicates potential for natural regulation of that pest in sugarcane crop.
<b>PHYSICAL AND BROMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COWPEA VARIETIES PREFERRED BY <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)</b>
<sup>1</sup>
10.1590/1983-21252018v31n229rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZOLIVEIRA, GLAUCE PORTELA DEPALLAORO, DRYELLE SIFUENTESCAMILI, ELISANGELA CLARETEDALMOLIN, ÂNDREA CARLA
<em>Oliveira, Glauce Portela De</em>;
<em>Pallaoro, Dryelle Sifuentes</em>;
<em>Camili, Elisangela Clarete</em>;
<em>Dalmolin, Ândrea Carla</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Cowpea is an herbaceous legume susceptible to several insects and diseases; and the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest causing direct losses in the production of this crop. The objective of this work was to assess the physical and bromatological characteristics of beans of cowpea varieties (Bico-de-Ouro, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and BRS-Tumucumaque) preferred by C. maculatus. Adults of C. maculatus were obtained from a storage unit of cowpea beans. The physical and bromatological characteristics and attractiveness of cowpea beans to insects were evaluated in laboratory. The preferences for oviposition with no choice and attraction to cowpea beans by C. maculatus are not related to the high protein content or physical characteristics of the bean seed coat (thickness and fiber content), since the insects were more attracted to beans of the variety Bico-de-Ouro, which had low crude protein content, the thickest seed coat and high NDF content.GPR 3D PROFILE OF THE ADEQUATENESS OF UNDERGROUND DAMS IN A SUB-WATERSHED OF THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID10.1590/1983-21252018v31n230rc2024-02-20T19:57:48.996000Z2020-08-09T06:49:12.101000ZLIMA, ALEXANDRE DE OLIVEIRALIMA-FILHO, FRANCISCO PINHEIRODIAS, NILDO DA SILVAREIS JÚNIOR, JOÃO ANDRADE DOSSOUSA, ANDERSON DE MEDEIROS
<em>Lima, Alexandre De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Lima-Filho, Francisco Pinheiro</em>;
<em>Dias, Nildo Da Silva</em>;
<em>Reis Júnior, João Andrade Dos</em>;
<em>Sousa, Anderson De Medeiros</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT The conventional method monitoring and adequateness of underground dams requires invasive investigatory actions with in their interior structure and only provides specific information for small volumes. On the contrary, application of non-invasive sensing techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), makes it possible to investigate and explore underground without affecting their structure. A GRP 3D profile was acquired with the aim to allot and monitor an underground dam in the Brazilian semiarid region in the alluvial sub-watershed of the Riacho Pau Lavrado in the Sertão Central de Lajes region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. The GPR profile records were acquired along an alluvial section, processed using the Reflex 5 software and exported into the Opendetec 4.4.0 software in order to obtain a virtual 3D model. The GPR 3D profile of the alluvial deposits shows irregularities of the crystalline basement and external topographical surface (soil). The interpretation of the alluvial GPR profile allows precise adequateness of the underground dam, which supports an increase in the area of hydric accumulation and promotes low-cost building due to the allocation selected with minor sedimentation.