This study evaluates the importance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in fisheries of the Orinoco and Amazon River basins, through the analysis of published data and new data from the fishing fleet of Tefé, a city in the middle Solimões River. Data were collected between 1991 and 1995 in Tefe's market and between 1994 and 1995 on board commercial fishing boats. The relative importance of this species can reach 21% of catches in some landing places of the Orinoco basin, in Venezuela; around 8% in the Peruvian Amazonia; and 35% in Bolivian Amazonia. In Brazil, catches of tambaqui increased in the Madeira River region from 10% in 1977 to 32% between 1984 and 1989. In Manaus, this species composed up to 40% of the landed fish in the past. In the 80's and 90's, the proportion of tambaqui in landed fish has suffered a drastic reduction, declining to as little as 2,5%. In the middle Solimões, which is the main area of fisheries for this species, catches are made with various fishing gears and in different habitats, accordingly with water level fluctuations. In this region, tambaqui fisheries concentrate inside lakes, where the main gears used are gillnet and purse seine, and the catch is composed of the young fish (<55 cm). The habitats created by river bank collapse ("enseada-pausada") are important for the catch of larger individuals.
Colossoma; fisheries; Solimões; Amazonas; várzea