This paper describes recent research on some climatic aspects of Amazonia. It describes the paleoclimate, characteristics of the present patterns of air temperature and rainfall distribution, together with results from field observations of atmospheric phenomena (squall lines, the Bolivian upper-tropospheric high, river breezes, relations with El Niño, interactions with polar fronts and convection processes, cold spells, inter-annual and longer-term variability). Since deforestation is proceeding rapidly in Amazonia, the paper describes the principal changes in microclimate that result from it and the results of numeric simulations in which tropical forest is replaced by pasture. The paper concludes with a summary of micrometeorological studies conducted in Amazônia over the last two decades.
Amazon region; climatic simulation; atmospheric system; micrometeorological experiments