Pilocarpus is a neotropical genus containing 16 species, ranging from southern Mexico and Central America to the South of South America. Thirteen species occur in Brazil, 11 of them occurring exclusively in Brazilian territory. The purpose of this paper is to present the species of Pilocarpus that occur in Brazilian Amazonia, considering the most recent data obtained through the revision of the genus by the author. Previously, only two species of Pilocarpus were recognized in that area: P. microphyllus Stapf ex Wardl. to the east and P. peruvianus (Macbride) Kaastra to the west. The revision revealed the existence of more two taxa: P. alatus C. J. Joseph ex Skorupa and P. carajaensis Skorupa. An identification key, descriptions and illustrations are given for all taxa, as well as a map and data on the geographic distribution, habitats and phenology.
Pilocarpus; Rutaceae; Amazonia; geographic distribution