The cultural ecological point of view attempts to look at man and his environment as parts in interaction, rather than as separate entities. Man's physical environment has undergone modifications as a result of his activities, just as culture has been modified by the specific requirements of survical in a given ecosystem. This paper discusses resource utilization along the Transamazon Highway by a pioneer population and both the changes that have taken place in the environment and in the population's socio-economic behavior as a result of this interaction.