The known geographical distribution of sand flies in the state of Rondônia , Brazil ( Diptera : Psychodidae ) 0 )

This study exoands the knowledge of phlebotomine Sand fly distribution in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. New state and country records are registered, bringing the total of known sand fly species in Rondônia to 78.


INTRODUCTION
The only sand flies from the State of Ron dônia previously reported were those by Mar tins ef al. (1965,1978).Martins ef al. (1965) cited 40 species from Rondônia, two being in the genus Brumptomyia, thirty-seven in the genus Lutzomyia, and one in the genus Psychodopygus.
Martins ef a/.(1978) added two more species in the genus Lutzo myia to this list, bringing the total number of previously described species to 42.
In the present work we report a total of 62 species, 47 in the genus Lutzomyia and 15 in the genus Psychodopygus-Interestingly, Mar tins ef a/.(1965,1978) reported 16 species which we did not collect, and we are now reporting 36 species which are newly recorded for Rondônia.The total number of species collected in Rondônia is now 78 (Table 1).

During Leishmania
studies in the State of Rondônia, we set out to make a survey of the total sand fly copulation, as recommended by Killick-Kendrick and Ward (1981).In order to do this we utilized four basic capture tech niques: Manbait capture, tree base captures, Malaise trap captures and CDC miniature light trap captures-Sand flies were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol, cleared in KOH, and mounted in Berlese solution.Some specimens that were not mounted were examined in phenol.

RESULTS
During our two year capture program we took a total of 15,418 sand flies, of which 26,4% were males and 73,6% were females (Table 2).
Map 1.This detailed map of the State of Ron donia shows (in the form cf numbers) the collecting areas from which sand flies are recorded, and this is shown on the respective distribution maps to follow.Area 1 -the Gua jará Mirim area from which Martins ef al. (1965Martins ef al. ( , 1978) ) record many speciss.Even though we collected from this area, ths results will be published elsewhere, as they are part of a comparative work done with Dr. Martins.Area 2-a forest area, with much disturbance from man, approximately five kilometers from the west bank of the Madeira River opposite Porto Velho.Area 3 -the area that includes the first 40 kilometers east of Porto Velho along the BR-364 Highway.Area 4-was considered separately as it is part of an a-ea which will eventually be flooded by the construction of a hydroelectric dam in the n _ ar future.Area 5-the city of Ariquemes-This is a forest area around the recently developed city of Ariquemes.Area 6-the city of Ji-Paraná, formerly called Rondonia, an older, more established, community.Area 7-the city of Vilhena, a center of colonization projects, and an ecotome between terra f rme forest and "cerrado".
(1 ) -This research was partly financed by a Grant in Aid from the Rondonia Territorial Government and CNPq's INPA project 3057.

Genus Brumptomyia (Map 2)
The genus Brumptomyia is represented in the State of Rondônia by two species, B. pentacantha and 8. pintoi, as reported by Martins ef al. (1935) from the Guajará Mirim area.8. pentscsntha is a broadly distributed species, ranging from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and the Brazilian Amazon from Acre to Pará.B. pintoi has been found from French Guyana to Argentina-In Brazil, this last species has been found from Acre and Amazonas states south to São Paulo state.Our not recording further captures in this genus is probably due to differences in capture techniques used here as compared with those reported by Martins ef al (1965).

Genus Lutzomyia (Map 3)
In the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Lutzomyia, the series cruciata is represented by three species.L. gomezi, is the species with the greatest distribution of this group, having been found from Guajará Mirim and Porto Velho to Vilhena.Even though this (and other species) was not taken in Ariquemes and Ji-Parana, it was probably due to the limited collections in those areas-Outside of Rondonia, this species has an extensive distribution, ranging from El Salvador in Central America through the Amazon Basin in Brazil to Maranhão and Mato Grosso states-L.sherlocki, previously only reported from Peru and Mato Grosso state in Brazil, was taken from the km 48 collection site to Ji-Parana.These collections were very limited in numbers.L. marinkellei WAS TAKEN ONLY ONCE, from the Vilhena collecting site.This species had only previously been reported from Colombia and Mato Grosso state in Brazil, this last collection site being close to Vilhena.Lutzomyia evangelistai is a species previously known from Peru and Para state, Brazil and was taken only from the Porto Velho and Km.48 areas.

-Distribution of sand flies in the genus
Brumptomyia from the state of Rondonia.
In the species group gasparviannai (Map 4), in Lhe genus Lutzomyia, we only took L. Ilabeilata.
This species was collected from both ends of Rondonia, the Porto Velho area and the Villiena area.Previous records place it only in the type locality, the neighboring state of Acre.
The walkeri series, in the species group migonei (Map, 5) of the genus Lutzomyia, is represented in the state by five species-L.bacuia, which had previously been found in Rondonia and the state of Goias was taken only in the Porto Velho area.Previous authors (Martins ef al., 1965(Martins ef al., , 1978;;Young & Fairchild, 1974) did not place this species in the walkeri series.We believe, based on morphological characters, such as in the tips of the ejaculatory ducts, thai it belongs in this group.L. seritea, previously recorded from French Guyana and the northern part of the Brazilian Amazon W3s taken in small numbers in the Vilhena area.L. termitophila, previously re corded from Rondonia, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso states, L. walkeri from Peru, northern Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, and L. sp. of Baduel from' Colombia, French Guyana and Rondonia were not taken by us, but were re ported by Martins ef al. (1965Martins ef al. ( , 1978) ) .
Both of the species in the saulensis group (Map.6) were taken.L. saulensis and L. wilsoni were taken at all collecting sites, except L. wilsoni was not found in the Ariquemes area.L saulensis is a widely occurring species, being found from Costa Rica to throughout the Amazon Valley.L. wilsoni, on the other hand, is more restricted in distribution to Amazonas and Rondonia states.
The series verrucarum of the species group verrucarum (Map.7), and the series serrana of the same species group, both in the genus Lutzomyia, are represented by three species, one in the first series, and two in the latter.L nevesi (series verrucarum) was taken in the Porto Velho and Ji-Parana areas and had previously been recorded from the Guajara-Mirim area.This species is restricted to the eastern part of Peru and Bolivia, and the western part of the Brazilian Amazon.L. serra na (series serrana) previously recorded from Guajara-Mirim, was taken from Porto Velho to Ji-Parana-L.cdax (series serrana) has only been taken in the Porto Velho area-Thsse last two species have a wide distribution, from northern Central America to Brazil.Two species of sand flies in the subgenus Pintomyia (Map.8) are recorded from the Por-'o Velho and Vilhena extremes of Rondonia.L. spinosa, which has a broad distribution from Panama to the Brazilian Amazon, was taken more frequently than L. damascenoi.
which has a known distribution from Colombia to the Brazilian Amazon.Martins ef al. (1978) recorded two species in the subgenus Pressatia (Map.9) for the territory of Rondonia, both from the Guajara-Mirim area.We took three females, which we believe to be L. approximates L infraspinosa and L. begonae.We have decided to treat this species at a later date, and to avoid confusion with L. in fraspinosa will call it L. "begonae-Uke".We have found this "begonae-like" sand fly all the way up to the Manaus area in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.L. cerqueirai is an Amazonian species, while L. infraspinosa has been re corded from French Guyana, Suriname, and the Brazilian Amazon.In the monstruosa series of this subgenus, L monstruosa has been found in Porto Velho and Guajara-Mirim in the state of Rondonia, its full known distribution being from French Guyana and most of the Brazilian Amazon Basin.appear to be more restricted in their distribution in Rondonia, only hsving been taken in one or two collecting sites.Table 2 shows that there were over 1000 females in the "shannoni" group which were collected-These were not separated to species due to the difficulty of separating females of L. abonnenci, L. dendrophila, L. scalfi, and L. shannoni.The females of the other species in this group could be, and were separated.L. shannoni has one of the greatest ranges of distribution of New World species, having been recorded from the United States south to Argentina.L. ubonnenci has a geographical distribution from Central America to Brazil; L. dasymera from Mexico to Colombia (this citation being a new country record); the other species in this group occur within the Amazon Basin of Brazil and some of the neighboring countries.

Longispina
species group (Map 13) females are also indistinguishable and we have grouped all 247 specimens collected into one group.The species in this group which are repre sented in Rondonia (as seen from the males) are L. rondonfbnsis and L. dasipodogeton, which are distributed throughout the state, and L. lon gispina, which was only taken on the west bank of the Madeira River near Porto Velho.The known distribution of L. dasipodogeton and L. rondoniensis is restricted to Rondonia, while L. longispina had been taken from Colombia, Venezuela and much of Brazil- map of the state of Rondonia showing the various geographical localities and colletcting sites.

B
LuH of sand flies in the genus Lut zomyia, subgenus Lutzomyia, from the state of Ron donia.
Distribution of sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Pintomyia, from the state of Rondonia.