Síntese de biocarvão enriquecido como veículo para fósforo em solos tropicais

MATOSO, Stella Cristiani Gonçalves; WADT, Paulo Guilherme Salvador; SOUZA, Valdomiro Severino de; PÉREZ, Xosé Lois Otero

doi:10.1590/1809-4392201803852

Stella Cristiani Gonçalves MATOSO ^*Corresponding author: stella.matoso@ifro.edu.br

Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Campus Colorado do Oeste, BR 435, Km 63, Zona Rural, 76993-000 Colorado do Oeste, RO, Brasil

Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Rede Bionorte, BR 364, Km 9,5, 76801-059 Porto Velho, RO, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-5053

Paulo Guilherme Salvador WADT

Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Rede Bionorte, BR 364, Km 9,5, 76801-059 Porto Velho, RO, Brasil

Embrapa Rondônia, BR 364, Km 5,5, Zona Rural, 78900-970, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil

Valdomiro Severino de SOUZA JÚNIOR

Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brasil

Xosé Lois Otero PÉREZ

Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Corresponding author: stella.matoso@ifro.edu.br

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

Valdir Veiga Junior

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
XRD patterns of mineral feedstock and phosphate biochars derived from rice and coffee husk mixed with sandy and clayey Oxisol soil samples from Rondônia state (northern Brazil). A: sandy (S) and clayey (C) Oxisol; B: triple superphosphate in natura (TS) and heated triple superphosphate - TS (350 ºC); C: biochar derived from rice husk + sandy soil (RiS), biochar derived from rice husk + clayey soil (RiC), biochar derived from rice husk + sandy soil + triple superphosphate added before pyrolysis (P-RiS) and biochar derived from rice husk + clayey soil + triple superphosphate added before pyrolysis (P-RiC); D: biochar derived from coffee husk + sandy soil (CfS), biochar derived from coffee husk + clayey soil (CfC), biochar derived from coffee husk + sandy soil + triple superphosphate added before pyrolysis (P-CfS) and biochar derived from coffee husk + clayey soil + triple superphosphate added before pyrolysis (P-CfC). K: kaolinite; Q: quartz; Gb: gibbsite; Gh: goethite; Hm: hematite; Mt: matiolite; Lp: leucophosphite; An: anhydrite; Bs: bassanite; Fa: fluorapatite; Ha: hydroxyapatite. This figure is in color in the electronic version.

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Figure 2
Phosphorus adsorption isotherms for biochar derived from rice husk mixed with clayey Oxisol soil samples from Rondônia state (northern Brazil). A: data linearization by Langmuir model; B: Langmuir adsorption isotherms adjusted by linear regression. Q: total amount of adsorbed P (mg kg^-1); Ceq concentration of remaining P in the solution after the 24-h equilibrium (mg L^-1).

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Figure 3
Ordering diagram derived from the principal component analysis of the physicochemical properties of eight experimental phosphate biochars derived from sandy and clayey Oxisol soil samples and rice and coffee husk. Percentage (%) on axes F1 and F2 indicate cumulative percentage of the variance in the original data matrix. RiS: biochar derived from rice husk + sandy soil; RiC: biochar derived from rice husk + clayey soil; CfS: biochar derived from coffee husk + sandy soil; CfC: biochar derived from coffee husk + clayey soil; +P: triple superphosphate added after pyrolysis; P-: triple superphosphate added before pyrolysis.

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Table 1
Chemical, granulometric and mineralogical properties of sandy and clayey Oxisol soil samples from Rondônia state (northern Brazil) used in the experimental composition of phosphate biochar.

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Table 2
pH (H₂O) and elemental composition (g kg^-1) of eight experimental phosphate biochars derived from rice and coffee husk mixed with sandy and clayey Oxisol soil samples from Rondônia state, northern Brazil.

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Table 3
Available P (g kg^-1) and P fractions (g kg^-1) of eight experimental phosphate biochars derived from rice and coffee husk mixed with sandy and clayey soils Oxisol soil samples from Rondônia state, northern Brazil.

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Table 4
Remaining P in the equilibrium solution (mg L^-1) of biochars derived from rice and coffee husk mixed with sandy and clayey Oxisol soil samples from Rondônia state (northern Brazil) when the samples were loaded with solutions containing different levels of P (mg L^-1).

Property	Sandy	Clayey
pH	4.2	4.5
Total C (%)	0.47	1.32
Total N (%)	0.10	0.26
Available P (mg kg^-1)	1.00	1.00
Available K (mg kg^-1)	0.05	0.05
Exchangeable Ca (cmol_c kg^-1)	0.15	0.48
Exchangeable Mg (cmol_c kg^-1)	0.08	0.15
Exchangeable H (cmol_c kg^-1)	1.70	4.90
Exchangeable Al (cmol_c kg^-1)	1.00	0.60
Total Al (g kg^-1)	41.81	149.25
Al-ox (g kg^-1)	0.50	2.32
Total Fe (g kg^-1)	13.99	10.71
Fe-ox (g kg^-1)	0.14	1.54
Sand (g kg^-1)	784	292
Silt (g kg^-1)	95	104
Clay (g kg^-1)	121	604
Mineralogy	Kaolinite, goethite, gibbsite	Kaolinite, goethite, hematite, gibbsite

Biochars	pH	C	P	Ca	Mg	K	Al	Fe	Mn
RiS+P	3.5	130.80	74.38	90.77	2.41	6.64	11.11	8.55	0.29
RiC+P	3.8	158.40	74.79	71.47	1.81	4.98	41.28	43.48	0.30
CfS+P	4.1	158.00	72.57	103.63	3.02	29.89	11.64	9.27	0.16
CfC+P	4.1	184.90	70.08	77.19	2.41	27.40	46.05	48.47	0.17
P-RiS	3.0	192.50	75.51	88.62	2.41	6.64	8.47	8.55	0.31
P-RiC	3.1	173.50	73.17	72.19	1.81	4.98	38.64	46.33	0.30
P-CfS	3.8	176.20	82.30	92.91	2.41	29.89	10.06	9.27	0.17
P-CfC	4.0	198.30	72.79	81.48	2.41	26.57	39.69	47.05	0.17

Biochars	Available P	P fractions
Biochars	Available P	Labile P	Fe-P	Al-P	HS-P	Ca-P	BC-P	Occluded P
RiS+P	60.31	58.33	1.58	5.98	0.32	5.50	0.07	2.59
RiC+P	70.22	60.24	2.66	11.91	0.67	5.87	0.31	-6.87
CfS+P	61.82	62.07	2.97	6.10	0.40	6.45	0.10	-5.53
CfC+P	69.17	57.56	2.20	8.32	0.65	5.43	0.44	-4.52
P-RiS	42.77	31.80	1.70	5.90	0.60	18.90	1.75	14.87
P-RiC	40.35	19.51	2.68	13.60	1.50	14.94	3.65	17.29
P-CfS	38.08	28.19	1.09	5.73	0.71	22.43	1.36	22.78
P-CfC	41.79	17.45	1.64	10.79	1.18	19.09	3.42	19.22

Added P	Remaining P
Added P	RiS	RiC	CfS	CfC
0	2.81	37.67	0.19	36.64
15	18.79	52.02	0.93	46.08
30	33.47	44.87	5.51	57.58
60	61.69	94.21	23.18	78.79
120	177.50	147.95	66.92	256.84
240	532.18	291.42	164.67	527.69

[1] Corresponding author: stella.matoso@ifro.edu.br

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Síntese de biocarvão enriquecido como veículo para fósforo em solos tropicais

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