An Index of Plant Collectors in Brazilian Amazonia

During the course of my work as Curator of Amazonian Botany at the New York Botanical Garden, I frequently get requests for information about collectors in Brazilian Amazonia. This led me into the preparation of an index of collectors. This index is not pesented as a comprehensive and complete work but rather as a compilation of all data mailable to me at the present time. Hence for some collectors great detail is given and for others only an outline simply depending uoon the information which I was able to obtain. Additions and corrections will always ba most welcome.


INTRODUCTION
During the course of my work as Curator of Amazonian Botany at the New York Botanical Garden, I frequently get requests for information about collectors in Brazilian Amazonia.This led me into the preparation of an index of collectors.This index is not pesented as a comprehensive and complete work but rather as a compilation of all data mailable to me at the present time.Hence for some collectors great detail is given and for others only an outline simply depending uoon the information which I was able to obtain.Additions and corrections will always ba most welcome.
In cases where much of the information about a collector is already available in another easily accessible publication, I have merely drawn attention to this instead of repeating the same data.
Jnfoimation has been gathered from a large number of sources.For collectors still livng the degree of detail largely reflects how much information they were willing to communicate, and I am extremely grateful for the many replies to my letters asking for data.

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE OF INDEX
For the present time I have restricted this index to collectors from Brazilian Amazonia only.That area is defined as the States of Amazonas, Acre, Para, the western part of GHILLEAN T. PRANCE* > Maianhão, the northern part of Mato Grosso and the Territories of Roraima, Amapá and Rondônia (see map).
For the sake of uniformity I have used the modern names of cities which often appear on the labels of the older collectors under their former names.For example : Manaus (not Barra), Tefé (not Ega) etc.
A few collectors who have made large collections on the periphery of this area, are mentioned, and it is hoped to treat the rest of Amazonia at a later date.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am extremely grateful to the numerous people that have provided data for this index.1 should especially like to thank Dr. Paulo Cavalcante of the Museu Goeldi, Belém for furnishing much data about collectors from both herbaria in Belém, and Dr. William A.
Rodrigues for data about collectors of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. 1 am also grateful to Mr. Enrique Forero, and to my wife Anne E. Prance for much help in compiling this index, also to Mrs. Frances Maroncelli for typing all my drafts.This work is really the result of a New York Botanical Garden field program in conjunction with the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, and I am grateful to the director and staff of the Instituto for much help, and to the National Science Foundation for grants GB 4641, GB-7356 and GB-18635 in support of the field program.The numbers missing from the series given here were mostly collected outside Brazil in North America.
Black was drowned while on a field trip in 1957.

F, GH, K, NY, US
The numbers are New York Botanical Garden series not the collectors.Also collected in Venezuela and the Guianas.Ferreira's expedition was without doubt one of the most interesting to explore Amazcnia since he was the first naturalist to collect plants in Brazilian Amazonia, yet he covered a greater itinerary than the majority of collectors cited here.
Collections at LISU, K and P.Many Ferreira collections were distributed without the collector's name many marked "ex Herb.Lusitanica, Pará".This is especially true of Paris collections of Ferreira.Paris has 1,114 sheets of Ferreira collections, and LISU has 1,213.
In addition, most sheets are labelled Pará.but may have been collected throughout the region covered by his itinerary.This is the explanation for apparent geographical irregularities in his collections.Some of the places cited in this itinerarv did not exist as early as 1783-92 but names were added to make the itinerary more easy to follow.Kuhlmann collected 2507 numbers (Nos.1-2507) during the three expeditions listed above which were all part of the Commission of Telegraphic Lines.In addition to the Telegraphic expeditions Kuhlmann made other trips to Amazonia where he collected in a different number series also starting at 1 Many of his plants from these trips were; collected under the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Gaiden (RB) number series, some duplicates of Kuhlmann's own numbered collections were distributed with just the RB number.For this reason it is always better to cite the RB number with Kuhlmann's collections.His other expeditions to Amazonia were as follows.Dec. 1912-Nov. 1913 TERR.RORAIMA; Boa Vista, Bomquerer.
ROYAL SOCIETY EXPEDITION From 1966From -1968 the British Royal Society conducted an extensive expedition in Mato Grosso.Much of the collecting was made south of the region covered by this index.However, important southern range extensions of Amazonian plants were made in the northernmost part of the area covered by the expedition.The expedition's base camp and headquarters were on the road from Xavantina to Cachimbo at 12951* S; 51°52' W.During the expedition many differente collectors visited the region each for a few months.Since all participants collected in the same region the full details are not given under the individuals.Most of them collected in the vicinity of Xavantina, along the road from Xavantina to the expedition's base camp over 200 km.north of Xavantina, in the vicinity of the base camp and up to 60 km.north of it, also around the Rio Suiá Missu crossing.Some collectors collected as far south as the Goiás border at Barra do Garças.The participants were as follows : ARGENT, GEORGE C.G. Aug. -Nov. 1967;June-Sept. 1968 (Nos. 6297-6758) Argent collected both in his own number series and in P.W. Richards' number series.Since both series were around the same numbers care should be taken in citation of Argent collections.

DAHLGREN
, F, NY, POM, US In 1929, Dahlgren was accompanied by Emil Sella, a plant model maker and he collected mainly material for exhibition and economic plants.He travelled from Belém to Manaus, but most of his collecting was in the lower Rio Tapajós at the Ford rubber plantation in Boa Vista.He enlisted the help of P. Capucho & R. C. Monteiro da Costa who collected herbarium specimens & wood samples from trees being felled during clearing operations for rubber plantations.Capucho & Monteiro da Costa sent material to Dahlgren for about 3 years.This work from the rubber plantation by Dahlgren.Capucho and Monteiro da Costa produced 1,503 herbarium specimens and 665 correlated wood samples.Dahlgren also made a short side trip to the state of Maranhão as well as collecting in northeastern Brazil and in many regions outside Amazonia Brasileira -W.A. Rodrigues.Notas sobre os gêneros Polygonanthus e Anisophyllea -J.M. Pires e W.A. Rodrigues.Novo Phyllanthus (Euforbiaceae) da Amazônia Brasileira -W.A. Rodrigues.Os TIPOS no herbário do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia -M.A. Freitas da Silva.FITOQUÍMICA -The chemical composition of Amazon Plant i -II -Setor de Fitoquimica do INPA.CIÊNCIAS DO AMBIENTE -Air temperatures in Central Amazonia II -The effect of near surface temperatures on land "use in the Tertiary Region of Central Ama.zonia -W.L.F.Brinkmann e M.N.Góes Ribeiro.Light environments on Tropical Rain Forest of Central Amazonia -W.L.F.Brinkmann.PATOLOGIA TROPICAL -Sobre a infecção natural do Panstrongylus geniculates por Trypanosoma cruzi em Manaus -F.B.Almeida e P.A. Machado.anatômico da madeira de Anonáceas da Amazônia III -Annona seiicea Dun, A. poludosa Aubl e Gv.atteria paraensis RE Fries -A.A. Loureiro.DEPOIMENTO DE VISITANTES -My expe rience in Amazonia -J.H. Langenheim.
; PARÁ; MARANHÃO; MATO GROSSOSacco, and L.A. Trinta.Each collector used his own number series, and therefore the plants bear 4 separate numbers.At the time of collecting her name was Fromm, but this has changed since she married one of the collectors and is now Fromm Trinta. AMAZONAS