Nine taxa of Octoblepharum Hedw. are reported for the Alto Rio Negro, Amazonas, collected during an expedition to the region in1979: O. albidum Hedw. var violascens C. Muell., O. ampullaceum Mitt., O. cylindricum Mont., O. cocuiense Mitt., O. erectifolium Mitt. ex. Williams, O. pellucidum C. Muell., O. albidum Hedw. var. albidum, O. pulvinatum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. e O. stramineum Mitt. The most commoon species are: O. stramineum Mitt. A key for identification of the reported taxa is included.