Development of broiler chickens fed with different percentages of cassava meal

LUCENA, LEANDRO RICARDO R. DE; HOLANDA, MARCO AURÉLIO C. DE; HOLANDA, MÔNICA C.R. DE

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320200495

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ANIMAL SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95 (suppl 1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320200495 copy

Development of broiler chickens fed with different percentages of cassava meal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective was to determine the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens fed different diets containing cassava meal. A total of 450 male broiler chickens of the Cobb lineage was used. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% inclusion of cassava meal) and five replications, composed of 18 birds per experimental unit. Morphometric characteristics of broiler chickens were evaluated: live weight, and weights of full and empty carcasses, livers, hearts, full and empty gizzards, abdominal fat, wings, thighs, drumsticks, breasts, and dorse. Data were tested using an analysis of variance, regression model, and cluster and discriminant analyses. There was a difference in the weight of the heart, full gizzard, wing, thigh, drumstick, and breast in relation to the different diets. The inclusion of 8.2%, 57.57%, and 25.38% cassava meal maximized thighs at 323.96 g, drumsticks at 385.04 g, and breasts at 921.12 g, respectively. The formation of two groups of birds was verified, and the classification rate was 92%. Inclusion of up to 50% cassava meal in the broiler diet did not alter its zootechnical performance, implying a lower cost of production.

Key words
carcass quality; discriminant analysis; weight development; zootechnical performance.

Ingredients	Levels of cassava inclusion (%)
Ingredients	0	25	50	75	100
Corn (kg)	46.543	34.907	23.271	11.635	0.000
Soybean meal (45%)	46.129	47.743	49.360	50.977	52.594
Cassava meal (kg)	0.000	8.888	17.777	26.665	35.554
Dicalcium phosphate	1.930	2.239	2.549	2.859	3.169
Calcitic Limestone	0.941	0.705	0.470	0.235	0.000
Vegetable oil	3.330	4.390	5.451	6.512	7.573
NaCl	0.456	0.450	0.445	0.439	0.434
L-lysine HCl (78%)	0.133	0.111	0.088	0.066	0.044
DL-methionine (99%)	0.328	0.348	0.368	0.388	0.408
L-threonine (98%)	0.010	0.017	0.025	0.032	0.040
Multienzyme complex	0.000	0.012	0.025	0.037	0.050
Choline chloride (60%)	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
¹Premix mineral/vitamin	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Calculated Composition (%)
Crude protein (%)	25.31	25.31	25.31	25.31	25.31
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000
Calcium (%)	1.011	1.011	1.011	1.011	1.011
Phosphorus available (%)	0.482	0.535	0.589	0.642	0.696
Digestible lysine (%)	1.364	1.364	1.364	1.364	1.364
Digestible methionine (%)	0.669	0.680	0.692	0.703	0.715
Digestible met+cys (%)	0.989	0.989	0.989	0.989	0.989
Digestible threonine (%)	0.773	0.773	0.773	0.773	0.773
Digestible tryptophan (%)	0.296	0.304	0.312	0.320	0.328
Sodium (%)	0.227	0.227	0.227	0.227	0.227
Fat (%)	5.642	5.781	5.921	6.060	6.200

Ingredients	Levels of cassava inclusion (%)
Ingredients	0	25	50	75	100
Corn (kg)	48.080	36.060	24.040	12.020	0.000
Soybean meal (45%)	43.600	45.235	46.870	48.505	50.141
Cassava meal (kg)	0.000	9.355	18.710	28.065	37.420
Dicalcium phosphate	1.679	1.699	1.719	1.739	1.760
Calcitic Limestone	1.017	0.967	0.918	0.869	0.820
Vegetable oil	4.510	5.547	6.585	7.622	8.660
NaCl	0.444	0.438	0.432	0.426	0.420
L-lysine HCl (78%)	0.136	0.113	0.091	0.069	0.047
DL-methionine (99%)	0.327	0.348	0.369	0.390	0.412
L-threonine (98%)	0.012	0.041	0.071	0.100	0.130
Multienzyme complex	0.000	0.012	0.025	0.037	0.050
Choline chloride (60%)	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
¹Premix mineral/vitamin	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Calculated Composition (%)
Crude protein (%)	24.30	24.30	24.30	24.30	24.30
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3.100	3.100	3.100	3.100	3.100
Calcium (%)	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970
Phosphorus available (%)	0.432	0.432	0.432	0.432	0.432
Digestible lysine (%)	1.306	1.306	1.306	1.306	1.306
Digestible methionine (%)	0.657	0.669	0.681	0.693	0.705
Digestible met+cys (%)	0.966	0.966	0.966	0.966	0.966
Digestible threonine (%)	0.816	0.805	0.794	0.783	0.773
Digestible tryptophan (%)	0.282	0.269	0.257	0.244	0.232
Sodium (%)	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.221
Fat (%)	6.820	6.990	7.160	7.330	7.500

Ingredients	Levels of cassava inclusion (%)
Ingredients	0	25	50	75	100
Corn (kg)	60.880	45.660	30.440	15.220	0.000
Soybean meal (45%)	32.814	34.825	36.837	38.848	40.860
Cassava meal (kg)	0.000	12.560	25.135	37.702	50.270
Dicalcium phosphate	1.420	1.445	1.470	1.495	1.520
Calcitic Limestone	0.718	0.655	0.589	0.524	0.460
Vegetable oil	3.084	3.721	4.358	4.995	5.663
NaCl	0.422	0.413	0.405	0.396	0.388
L-lysine HCl (78%)	0.220	0.194	0.168	0.142	0.116
DL-methionine (99%)	0.272	0.299	0.327	0.364	0.394
L-threonine (98%)	0.000	0.027	0.055	0.082	0.110
Multienzyme complex	0.00	0.012	0.025	0.037	0.050
Choline chloride (60%)	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
¹Premix mineral/vitamin	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Calculated Composition (%)
Crude protein (%)	20.58	20.58	20.58	20.58	20.58
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3.150	3.150	3.150	3.150	3.150
Calcium (%)	0.758	0.758	0.758	0.758	0.758
Phosphorus available (%)	0.374	0.374	0.374	0.374	0.374
Digestible lysine (%)	1.124	1.124	1.124	1.124	1.124
Digestible methionine (%)	0.557	0.572	0.588	0.603	0.619
Digestible met+cys (%)	0.832	0.832	0.832	0.832	0.832
Digestible threonine (%)	0.773	0.773	0.773	0.773	0.773
Digestible tryptophan (%)	0.225	0.229	0.233	0.237	0.241
Sodium (%)	0.224	0.224	0.224	0.224	0.224
Fat (%)	5.680	6.285	6.890	7.495	8.100

Ingredients	Levels of cassava inclusion (%)
Ingredients	0	25	50	75	100
Corn (kg)	62.722	46.976	31.321	15.675	0.000
Soybean meal (45%)	30.217	32.282	34.348	36.414	38.500
Cassava meal (kg)	0.000	12.973	25.946	38.919	51.892
Dicalcium phosphate	1.089	1.114	1.139	1.164	1.190
Calcitic Limestone	0.701	0.634	0.568	0.501	0.435
Vegetable oil	4.218	4.856	5.494	6.132	6.770
NaCl	0.407	0.398	0.390	0.381	0.373
L-lysine HCl (78%)	0.226	0.199	0.173	0.146	0.120
DL-methionine (99%)	0.253	0.281	0.309	0.337	0.366
L-threonine (98%)	0.064	0.075	0.087	0.098	0.110
Multienzyme complex	0.000	0.012	0.025	0.037	0.050
Choline chloride (60%)	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
¹Premix mineral/vitamin	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Calculated composition (%)
Crude protein (%)	19.54	19.54	19.54	19.54	19.54
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3.250	3.250	3.250	3.250	3.250
Calcium (%)	0.661	0.661	0.661	0.661	0.661
Phosphorus available (%)	0.309	0.309	0.309	0.309	0.309
Digestible lysine (%)	1.067	1.067	1.067	1.067	1.067
Digestible methionine (%)	0.525	0.541	0.557	0.573	0.589
Digestible met+cys (%)	0.790	0.790	0.790	0.790	0.790
Sodium (%)	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.201
Digestible threonine (%)	0.704	0.704	0.704	0.704	0.704
Fat (%)	6.760	6.922	7.085	7.247	7.410

	Percentage of inclusion of cassava meal (Mean±SD)					p-value
	0%	25%	50%	75%	100%	p-value
Live weight (LW)	3290±54.8	3340±51.7	3386±49.8	3340±81.7	3300±70.5	0.703
Full carcass (FC)	3047±69.9	3092±20.1	3137±77.4	3131±15.4	3013±87.3	0.611
Empty carcass (EC)	2730±76.1	2784±93.4	2845±84.0	2824±79.7	2730±76.1	0.462
Liver (L)	52±5.7	46±6.5	45±6.8	49±8.2	51±7.4	0.538
Heart (H)	12±2.7b	18±7.6a	11±2.3b	12±2.7b	12±2.7b	0.036
Full gizzard (FG)	62±18.2a	50±13.2b	56±5.5ab	36±10.4c	41±10.8c	0.035
Empty gizzard (EG)	34±13.9	33±4.5	33±2.7	31±8.2	28±4.5	0.762
Abdominal fat (AF)	33±6.1	30±3.5	30±6.9	30±6.1	19±6.5	0.363
Wing (W)	244±13.4a	209±9.6b	236±15.6a	200±7.9bc	183±20.8c	0.001
Thigh (T)	317±7.6ab	340±26.5a	295±33.9b	287±8.4bc	269±27.5c	0.001
Drumsticks (DST)	408±50.8ab	443±72.9a	372±52.9b	361±21.9b	350±24.3b	0.038
Breast (B)	905±50.2a	915±70.8a	912±42.2a	850±90.5b	768±21.4c	0.009
Dorse (D)	417±56.9	438±52.2	400±42.3	383±45.5	388±18.2	0.322

Characteristics of the carcass components	Means
Characteristics of the carcass components	Group I	Group II
Heart	13.67	11.00
Full gizzard	56.00	38.50
Wing	229.67	191.50
Thigh	317.33	278.00
Drumstick	407.67	355.50
Breast	907.67	809.00
D(x)	-23.15	-19.57

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[1] Correspondence to: Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena E-mail: leandroricardo_est@yahoo.com.br