Comparative anatomy and histochemistry of the leaf blade of two species of <i>Artocarpus</i>

SÁ, RAFAELA D.; CADENA, MARÍLIA B.; PADILHA, RAFAEL J.R.; ALVES, LUIZ CARLOS; RANDAU, KARINA P.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170922

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Agrarian Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 91 (01) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170922 copy

Comparative anatomy and histochemistry of the leaf blade of two species of Artocarpus

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Abstract

Abstract: In Brazil, there are two species of Artocarpus that were introduced: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, known as fruta-pão, and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., known as jaca. Both are used as food and medicine. The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative anatomical and histochemical study between A. altilis and A. heterophyllus. Techniques of optical, polarized and scanning electron coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy. The anatomical characterization showed the characters of general occurrence in the family Moraceae and of those that allow the differentiation of A. altilis and A. heterophyllus. The histochemistry revealed the sites of synthesis and/or storage of the metabolites. The chemical microanalyses brought new information about the chemical composition of crystals. The study provides pharmacobotanical data for the quality control of the species.

Key words
Artocarpus altilis; Artocarpus heterophyllus; crystals; microscopy; Moraceae

	Artocarpus altilis	Artocarpus heterophyllus
Epidermis	Uniseriate, cells with straight or slightly sinuous walls on both sides.	Uniseriate, cells with sinuous walls on both sides.
Stomata	Anomocytic and actinocytic on the abaxial face.	Anomocytic and actinocytic on the abaxial face.
Trichomes	Adaxial face - non-glandular: simple, hooked and conical; glandular: multicellular, with eight or more cells. Abaxial face - non-glandular: hooked and conical; glandular: multicellular, with eight or more cells.	Adaxial face - glandular: multicellular, with six or more cells. Abaxial face - non-glandular: conical; glandular: multicellular, with six or more cells.
Druses	Epidermis, parenchyma of the midrib, phloem, palisade parenchyma and bundle sheath.	Epidermis, parenchyma of the midrib, phloem, palisade parenchyma and bundle sheath.
Lithocysts	Mainly in the regions of ribs.	Mainly in the regions of ribs.
Midrib	Biconvex shape.	Plane-convex to slightly biconvex shape.
Collenchyma	Two to four layers.	Three to seven layers.
Vascular bundle	Collateral associated with sclerenchyma.	Collateral associated with sclerenchyma.
Mesophyll	Dorsiventral, with one to two layers of palisade parenchyma and several layers of spongy parenchyma.	Dorsiventral, with three layers of palisade parenchyma and several layers of spongy parenchyma.

	Artocarpus altilis	Artocarpus heterophyllus
Phenolic compounds	Epidermis.	Epidermis, idioblasts, palisade and spongy parenchyma.
Tannins	Epidermis.	Idioblasts, palisade and spongy parenchyma.
Triterpenes and steroids	Epidermis.	Epidermis, idioblasts and spongy parenchyma.
Lipophilic substances	Cuticle, epidermis, and collenchyma.	Cuticle, idioblasts, spongy parenchyma and bundle sheath in the mesophyll.
Lignin	Xylem and sclerenchyma.	Xylem and sclerenchyma.
Starch	Parenchyma.	Parenchyma.
Druses	Calcium oxalate.	Calcium oxalate.
Alkaloids	Negative.	Negative.

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[1] Correspondence to: Karina Perrelli Randau E-mail: krandau@hotmail.com ORCid: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4486-4420